Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Predicted Response To S1 Selection For Agronomic And Disease Resistance Traits In Two Sunflower Populations, Syed Sadaqat Mehdi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Variances, heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and predicted gains were computed for quantitative disease resistance and agronomic traits from pooled S1 family data of Gene Pool II and ND 761 Helianthus annuus L. populations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for all traits were significant in both populations. Observed genotypic correlation coefficients were larger than their corresponding estimates of phenotypic correlation coefficients. Significant positive genetic correlations between resistance to Alternaria blight and Septoria leaf spot; and non-significant genetic correlations between Sclerotinia wilt disease reaction and agronomic traits were observed in both populations. Resistance to Phoma black stem was not significantly correlated with resistance …

Technology And Economics Of Commercial Scale Ethanol Production From Fodder Beets, William Ray Gibbons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fodder beets yield two to three times more fuel ethanol per hectare than corn. This increased productivity should reduce feedstock costs and, consequently, ethanol production costs. The major factor that has limited use of this crop is the lack of a proven technology to process fodder beets -- economically and energy efficiently -- to fuel ethanol on a commercial scale. Research reported herein rectifies this situation by examining the technical and economic feasibility of community scale fuel ethanol production from fodder beets using two novel, continuous fermentation systems solid-phase fermentation and diffusion fermentation. Laboratory scale, batch fermentation trials were first …

Hybrid Reactions To Phytotoxic Effects Of The Corn Herbicide, Eradicane Extra, C. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, W. W. Witt, R. M. Bullock

Agronomy Notes

Although corn hybrids are primarily evaluated only for yield performance in the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test, the 1984 test (Poneleit and Evans, 1985) provided a unique opportunity to evaluate hybrid reactions to an unusual hybrid-herbicide interacting Of seven non-virus test locations, four were treated with Eradicane Extra or Eradicane for weed control. At the Princeton location Eradicane Extra, at 8 pints/acre, was used for johnsongrass rhizome suppression and seedling control. In late July, a routine check revealed that numerous plants had unusual appearances that were similar to abnormalities reported earlier as caused by Eptam and Eradicane (Poneleit et aI, …

Genetics Of Flower Abortion And Pod Type In Soybean, Krishna P. Sharma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Field studies were conducted in 1982, 1983 and 1984 in ten soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes of maturity group 00 to III, to evaluate the effects of genotype and year on flower abortion (FA), flowers/raceme (FPR), raceme length (RL), pod types (PT), seeds/raceme (SPR), seed weight (SW), and yield/raceme (YPR). Reproductive efficiency index (REI) was calculated for parental genotypes and their segregating populations. The effects of main stem node position and raceme flower position on FA and PT were also studied. Genetic studies were on F₂'s of 13 crosses plus F₃ and F₄ generations of …

Growth And Development Of Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Cultivars In Response To Water Stress, Abdel-Fattah H. Belal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Water stress occurs frequently in the North Central Plains and causes significant reductions in plant growth, development and grain yield. These effects of water stress apparently are dependent on the ability of plants to adapt to less than optimal environments. Plant water potential is dynamic, changing not only with the soil water content and atmospheric conditions, but also with the stage of growth. When plant water potentials become limiting, various physiological processes associated with plant growth, development and final yield are affected. The reduction in productivity in semi- arid environments is directly related to the inability of crop plants to …

Yellow Spot Of Wheat, R Loughman, J. M. Wilson, R. E. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Yellow spot is a serious leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. It also occurs in Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. Yellow spot can appear as a severe leaf blight but generally the disease does not have the rapid epidemic development of wheat rust diseases. It builds up more slowly and is not as obvious in the crop, while caising appreciable yield loss.

Protein Enrichment Of Cereal Grains For Livestock, Andrew C. Dunlop, C. L. Mcdonald

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Every year Western Australian farmers feed about 759,000 tonnes of cereal grain to livestock, mostly to sheep but also to dairy and beef cattle. These grains are fed as drought feeds, as supplements to augment poor quality or scarce paddock feed or in growth rations to attain higher levels of production. Many grains fed, however, have a low protien content and are therefore used inefficiently by animals.

Several methods of improving the low protien content of feed grains have been tested. They include the addition of lupin seed, spraying oats with urea and gassing oats with ammonia.

Summary Of Rhizobium Experiments., J. G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Rotation trials, 84ME32, 84ME24, 84N18, 84M18, 85KA58. Cross row trials, 85M28. One year trials, 86M41, 86M42. On-going trials, 86M58, 85KA64, 86V3, 86AL. 84WH24.

Barley Trials, Lupin Trials, Wheat Trials, Rob Delane, John Hamblyn

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

This report examines the results of a number of research projects being conducted throughout the Geraldton region trials were conducted throughout the Geraldton region. Trials were conducted at twelve sites within the northern and central parts of the wheatbelt.

Barley trials, 86C54, 86C55, 86C56, 86C90, 86C91, 86GE26, 86GE44, 86GE45, 86GE46, 86TS27, 86WH37, 86ME66.

Lupin trials, 86C57, 86C58, 86C59, 86C60, 86C72, 86C73, 86C74, 86C97.

Wheat trials, 86C61, 86C62, WEUNI, 86GE48.

Annual Ryegrass Toxicity Research Summary Of Experiment Results., V. Nieman, A. G. P. Brown, R. Madin

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Experiments were set up to screen a range of herbicides which might give improved control of Anguina agrostis over the currently recommended paraquat. Two experiments examined Roundup, Fusilade and Sertin at two rates and two experiments screened eight herbicides at five rates from two x "label recommendation" to 0. 99 x Standard treatment was paraquat at 550 ml. Plots were 3 m x 30 m in the first two experiments and 3 x 5 m (per dilution) in the second. The herbicides were applied on 4/9, 17/9, 24/9, 1/10 and 9/10 (Zadoks stages 32 - 58). There were three replications …

Tolerance Of Cereal Crops To Herbicides, D G. Bowran

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Herbicides have come to play an important role in the control of weeds in Western Australian cereal crops, with some estimates showing that sufficient herbicide was applied to treat every hectare of cereal grown in 1984.

While the use of herbicides reduces competition from weeds, they may have a hidden cost. As chemicals which affect plants, herbicides may also affect plants, herbicides may also affect and damage the crop which they are protecting. The crop may possibly fail, and some or all of the economic benefits obtained from the chemical control of weeds may not be realised.

Continuous Cereal Cropping With Alternative Tillage Systems In Western Australia, R J. Jarvis, N D. Delroy, A P. Hamblin

Technical Bulletins

In 1977, a ten year series of continuous cropping trials was commenced to compare the effect of four farm tillage systems. This bulletin reports the grain yield results for the first six years of these trials.

Growth And Magnesium Uptake Of Tall Fescue Lines At High And Low Potassium Levels, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Five tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) clonal lines with diverse root and xylem diameters were grown in nutrient solutions with magnesium (Mg) concentrations of 42, 125 and 250 µm and potassium K concentrations of 133 and 333 µm. Leaf Mg concentrations increased with increasing Mg rates at both low and high K concentrations. The tall fescue line with the largest root and xylem diameters had low leaf Mg concentrations, indicating a possible increased Mg tetany potential when consumed by cattle. The response of the K/(Mg+Ca) ratio in the plant, an indicator of tetany potential, to varying solution Mg at low …

The Effect Of A Bacteriophage On The Competition Of Rhizobium Japonicum Strains For Nodulation Of Glycine Max (L.) Merr, Lori Kelley

Masters Theses

The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium japonicum (Kir.) Buch. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. was the concern of this thesis. This relationship occurs naturally in soybean fields. In the field there are many different strains of Rhizobium. Some of these strains fix atmospheric nitrogen more efficiently than others resulting in a higher crop yield. The problem is the more efficient nitrogen fixers are out-competed by less efficient nitrogen fixers. In order to solve this problem the more competitive strains have to be controlled. There are two main ways to do this. One is to increase the number of the desired …

Ua37/13 Plants Used By The Prehistoric Indians Of Kentucky, Chuck Crume

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

No one knows exactly when the Indians first entered the area we now call Kentucky, but there is an approximation. Archeologists have found evidence of Clovis camps and living sites in the state (9,000 to 12,000 B.P.), This would have been during the Paleo Stage, toward the end of the last ice age. The climate of the area would have been much cooler then. The selection of plants and animals would also have been different than those found in modern times.

Paleo Indians used plants for food, utility and medical uses. It seems that plant use during this period is …

Row Widths For Full Season Soybeans In Kentucky, Todd W. Pfeiffer, Morris J. Bitzer, James H. Herbek, Jereme Orf, D. Pilcher, Charles Tutt, L. Zen

Agronomy Notes

Soybean yields in Kentucky have increased steadily in the past 20 years as a result of improved varieties and production practices. To achieve even higher yields new varieties and better production practices need to be developed and tested. One possibility for increasing soybean yields is to plant in narrow rows using varieties which respond to this practice. Although previous research in Kentucky has not shown a yield advantage for full season soybeans planted in narrow rows, researchers in other states have recently shown increases in yield with narrowing row widths. A number of new varieties have also been developed specifically …

Evaluation Of A Skip-Row Planting System Or Plant Run-Over As Management Practices On Full Season Soybeans In Narrow Rows, Todd W. Pfeiffer, Morris J. Bitzer, Jereme Orf, D. Pilcher

Agronomy Notes

In recent years there has been an increased interest in narrow row and solid seeded soybeans in Kentucky. Soybeans seeded in narrow rows have an earlier canopy closure which allows a longer time for the soybean plants to intercept the maximum amount of sunlight. The shading effect which results from earlier canopy closure also aids in weed suppression. More farmers are now seeding full season soybeans in narrow rows or solid seeded stands; because cultivation is eliminated, however, some are hesitant to adopt narrow row production practices for fear of inadequate chemical weed control. With the recent increase in effective …

Storage Of Burley Tobacco In Bales And Bundles, Linus R. Walton, M. E. Casada, Joseph L. Taraba, James H. Casada, W. H. Henson Jr., Larry D. Swetnam

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Bales and bundles of burley tobacco were stored for seven months from spring to fall. Leaves darkened during storage at all moisture levels and stalk positions with the exception of the bottom stalk position, which darkened only slightly. There was no difference in color change and dry weight loss between burley tobacco in bales and bundles. Normal and high moisture bales and bundles were often graded as unsound because of a deviant odor caused by bacterial activity. A bale weight loss of about 8% occurred at normal moisture with the loss being divided evenly between moisture and dry weight losse.

The Effect Of Tillage Methods & Row-Widths On Selected Growth Characteristics & Yield Of Soybeans, G. Tom Sandifer Jr.

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of three tillage methods confounded with three row widths on root length and depth, seed density, seeds per pod, pods per plant and yield of Glycine max was studied during the 1984 growing season. The study was conducted on class 1, Pembroke soil located in south Warren County, Kentucky. A barley crop was removed from the area just prior to the experimental plantings. A John Deere conservation tillage, plateless planter was used in all experimental treatments except the drilled plots. Plant populations were adjusted to conform to standard recommendations for drill (7 inch row widths), 15-inch row widths, …

Heat Tolerance Of Kentucky Bluegrass As Influenced By Pre- And Post-Stress Environment, David J. Wehner, D. D. Minner, P. H. Dernoeden, M. S. Mcintosh

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

An understanding of the natural variation in heat tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass is needed to develop predictive models for stress tolerance. The variation in heat tolerance of ‘Adelphi’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) over the growing season and the effect of recovery environment on the perceived heat tolerance of the plants was determined. Field-grown plants (Chillum silt loam, fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults) were exposed to heat stress on 11 dates over two growing seasons by immersion in a water bath for 30 min at either 42, 44, or 46°C and then placed in either a greenhouse, or one of …

Communication Networks And The Adoption Of Three Farn Practices, P. W. Fry, F. K. Goss

All other publications

The report commences with a discussion of the diffusion and adoption model, and illustrates some of the research observations and practical outcomes that have emerged in recent years, An overview of social network research is presented as a means of understanding communication exchanges and providing data relevant to the diffusion debate. The communication and adoption studies are then reported in three separate sections in the order they were conducted. (A map of the location of the survey areas is shown in Figure I ) . The objectives, survey method, results and a summary are presented for each study.

A background …

Agronomic And Animal Performance Of Different Tall Fescue Varieties, Robert C. Buckner, James A. Boling, Paul B. Burrus Ii, Lowell P. Bush, Nelson Gay, R. W. Hemken, Garry D. Lacefield, M. R. Siegel

Agronomy Notes

The objective of the tall fescue breeding program is the development of varieties characterized by superior nutritive value (including reduced contents of perloline and loline alkaloids and minimal infestation of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum), palatability, disease resistance, and adaptation through the utilization of intergeneric and interspecific hybrid derivatives of ryegrass and tall fescue species. Kentucky 31, Kenwell, and Kenhy were previously released from this breeding program. Johnstone tall fescue, developed cooperatively by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS, was released March 1, 1982 as a new variety. Johnstone is characterized as having low levels of perloline alkaloid and …

Mineralogy And Soil Productivity, Anastasios D. Karathanasis

Agronomy Notes

The soil that is often called "dirt" is not as dirty as many people think. If we remove the 5 to 10% of the soil material, composed of organic matter and amorphous Fe, Al and Si hydrous oxides, the remaining 90 to 95% is a mixture of crystalline or subcrystalline minerals. We are able to see and identify with the naked eye, the large crystalline particles of the sand fraction. For the smaller mineral particles of the silt and clay fractions microscopic or other more sensitive methods (x=ray diffraction, thermal) are needed for their identification and quantification. While little attention …

Documentation Of Whole-Farm Model For The Eastern Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Ross S. Kingwell, David J. Pannell, David. A. Morrison

Grain and other field crops published reports

The Eastern Wheatbelt Model (EwM) is a hypothetical farm model, intended to be representative of farms in the eastern wheatbelt region. It is a model of an 'average' farm in an 'average' season. Nevertheless it is possible to substitute the resource mix of a 'real' farm for the •average' and to substitute various types of season for the 'average'.

Assumptions of 'average' farm resources and •average' season are based on opinions by WADA researchers and advisers. For the EWM, researchers and advisers at Merredin prescribed average resources for an eastern wheatbelt farm receiving a 300 mm average rainfall including 210 …

A Microecosystem For Fertilizer And Pesticide Fate Research, B. E. Branham, David J. Wehner, W. A. Torello, A. J. Turgeon

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

A microecosystem was designed to study the behavior of pesticides, fertilizers, or related compounds applied to plant stands. The system consists of three parts: a brass base that holds the plant growth media, a glass atmospheric chamber that rests on the base, and a set of analytical traps. The brass base is fitted with a porous ceramic plate so that tension can be applied to the water in the growing media. Air enters the bottom of the glass atmospheric chamber and exits through the top into appropriate trapping systems to recover volatilized pesticides, ammonia, or metabolized ¹⁴CO₂ from …

Effect Of Pasture Spraying On Gall Development., V. Nieman

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Sprays with low rates of desiccant herbicide just after head emergence has been shown to control development of toxicity in the same year. The trial was conducted to compare the effect of herbicides with different modes of action on control of toxicity and seed set. 85KA65.

Capeweed, Radish, Wild Oats, Sarsaparilla, Four O'Clock, Saffron Thistle, Onion Weed, Carnation Weed, J. R. Peirce, B J. Raynor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85WH59, Capeweed time of spraying. Demonstration, capeweed, oil additions. 85N080, radish, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N081, radish, nozzle angles x rates. 85N082, wild oats, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N083, wild oats, nozzle angles x Rates. 85ME1, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85N075, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85TS26, 85ME48, 85ME104, 85GE29, saffron thistle, control with ear spraying in pasture. 85TS41, 85GE29a, saffron thistle, chemical control of seed set, 85TS27, saffron thistle, grazing trial. 85GE36, onion weed, chemicals in pasture. 85GE35, carnation weed, chemicals in pasture.

Efficiency Of Cinch On Brome Grass Control., J. E. Holmes., R L. Thomas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85GE34, 85A11, 85A12,

Serradella Trial Programme., L. Cransberg

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 2 85A155, Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 3 85A156, Serradella Establishment - Time of Seeding x Seeding Rate 85A157, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Variety x Rate) 85A158, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Inoculation) 85A159.

Phomopsis Pod And Seed Infection Of Stem-Resistant Lupin Lines., P Mcr. Wood

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85BA36 - Competitive potential of Type B Phomopsis inoculum. 85BA38 - Phomopsis pod and seed infection of stem-resistant lupin lines 85WH50 - Survival of Phomopsis