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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Automation Of Irrigation To Improve Outcomes Of Agronomic Crops: On-Farm And Modeling Demonstrations, Thais Murias Jardim
Automation Of Irrigation To Improve Outcomes Of Agronomic Crops: On-Farm And Modeling Demonstrations, Thais Murias Jardim
Student Theses and Dissertations
Automated irrigation systems and new management practices may help address aquifer depletion, labor shortages, and irrigation management challenges. This study evaluated the impact of various automated irrigation systems on commercial farms that produce maize, rice, and soybean. It also modeled how Early Cascade Rice Irrigation Shutoff (ECIS) performs under a range of field conditions. Growers observed various benefits of using automated systems other than irrigation savings or yield increase. Timers and remote shutoff are the most practical and beneficial options for growers willing to adopt some level of automation. ECIS modeling estimates showed that applied irrigation and runoff decreased as …
Novel Data-Driven Approaches To Elucidate Interactions Between Soybean And Phytopthora Sojae, Thivanka Sandaruwan Ratnayake
Novel Data-Driven Approaches To Elucidate Interactions Between Soybean And Phytopthora Sojae, Thivanka Sandaruwan Ratnayake
Student Theses and Dissertations
Phytophthora sojae is a soil-borne oomycete and the causal agent of Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR) in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). Yield losses attributed to P. sojae are devastating in disease-conducive environments, with global estimates surpassing 1.1 million tonnes annually. Historically, management of PSR has entailed host genetic resistance (i.e., vertical and horizontal) complemented by disease-suppressive cultural practices (e.g., oomicide application). However, the vast expansion of complex and/or diverse P. sojae pathotypes complicated by climate instability necessitates the development of novel technologies for the attenuation of PSR in field environments. Therefore, the objective of the present study was …
Assessment Of Variable Rate Nitrogen Application On Rice Cultivars Using Remote Sensing, Rush Matthew Evans
Assessment Of Variable Rate Nitrogen Application On Rice Cultivars Using Remote Sensing, Rush Matthew Evans
Student Theses and Dissertations
Application of the right time and amount of fertilizer N is challenging in rice fertilization because crop N supply is highly variable in the field. Research plots were established at four research plot fields and one commercial field in Arkansas. Independent variables included six nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 67, 101, 134.5, 168, and 202 kg N ha-1), multiple rice cultivars, and five locations. The response variable was 24 vegetative indices values using high spatio-temporal multispectral and thermal imagery obtained from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The 134 and 168 kg N ha-1 rates were identified as the control group …
Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide (Pam) Effects On Irrigation Efficiency, Soil Conservation, And Water Quality In Midsouth Cotton Production, Brittany D. Barnes
Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide (Pam) Effects On Irrigation Efficiency, Soil Conservation, And Water Quality In Midsouth Cotton Production, Brittany D. Barnes
Student Theses and Dissertations
The polymer, polyacrylamide (PAM), is a high molecular weight, chemical anionic polymer that is prescribed and used for irrigation improvement in row crops primarily in the United States. A field research study was conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in Northeast Arkansas to evaluate how addition of PAM in furrow irrigation affected soil erosion, water infiltration, movement of nutrients and sediments, and crop yields in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Overall results from the study were mixed. Sediment loss was similar among treatments. Irrigation advancement rates were not significantly different. No differences in crop yield were observed associated with PAM. Differences in …
Investigation Of The Methylome Pattern Changes In Phytophthora Sojae Infected Soybean (Glycine Max), Shyaron Poudel
Investigation Of The Methylome Pattern Changes In Phytophthora Sojae Infected Soybean (Glycine Max), Shyaron Poudel
Student Theses and Dissertations
Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR), a soybean disease causes annual losses of up to $250 million in the United States alone. Using the Rps (resistant to Phytophthora sojae) gene in soybean is the main management technique. However, Rps genes are only effective until 8-15 years in the field. Therefore, further understanding of the Rps gene regulation and immune response in soybean is desperately needed. In this study, first, three commercial DNA methylation detection kits were examined on soybean (cultivar Williams 82,which carries Rps1k) DNA samples. All three kits provided libraries with excellent quality and coverage. Secondly, the differential DNA …
Effects Of Silica Nanoparticle Liquid Fertilizer On Germination And Yield In Various Plant Species, Morgan Brittany Lowe
Effects Of Silica Nanoparticle Liquid Fertilizer On Germination And Yield In Various Plant Species, Morgan Brittany Lowe
Student Theses and Dissertations
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element on earth, has many unique qualities that have led to advances in medicine, computer technology, mechanics, and cosmetics. Awareness of Si deficiency in soil has recently become recognized as being a limiting factor for crop production; particularly in Si-accumulating plants and in soils that are low or limited in its availability. Increasing interest in the effects of differing nanoparticles on plant growth and yield has led to the production of Si nanoparticle (Si-NP) fertilizers. This research attempted to compare the effects of different Si-NP fertilizers on the growth, development, and yield of industrial …
Metabolic Engineering Of Peanut Hairy Roots Via Rna Interference To Study The Role Of Prenylated Stilbenoids Against Water Stress, Gaurav Gajurel
Metabolic Engineering Of Peanut Hairy Roots Via Rna Interference To Study The Role Of Prenylated Stilbenoids Against Water Stress, Gaurav Gajurel
Student Theses and Dissertations
Abiotic stress, such as drought, causes over five-hundred million dollars in losses in peanut production per year in the world. Peanuts are known to produce antioxidant prenylated stilbenoids, however, their role in abiotic stress tolerance have not been elucidated. The overall goal of this project was to determine if selected prenylated stilbenoids play a role against water stress in peanut. To address this issue, transgenic hairy roots with the capacity to produce diverse prenylated stilbenoids using an RNA-interference (RNAi) approach were established. RNAi molecular constructs targeting a stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferase were designed, synthesized, and expressed via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation in peanut …
Influence Of Cover Crop Termination Timing On Soil Health And Cash Crop Development In The Arkansas Delta Region, Derek Alan Dittlinger
Influence Of Cover Crop Termination Timing On Soil Health And Cash Crop Development In The Arkansas Delta Region, Derek Alan Dittlinger
Student Theses and Dissertations
Cover crops have become an important tool in many conservation farming systems. However, impacts of various levels of cover crop biomass on soil health and cash crop growth and development are not fully understood in the Arkansas Delta region. A two-year study was conducted on no-tillage, row crop production farms in order to determine the effects of cover crop termination timing (cover crop biomass production) on soil physical properties and cash crop growth and development in both corn (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max). Cover crop termination timing did not have a significant impact on soil physical properties related to …
High-Throughput Phenotyping Of Rice Grains Subjected To High Nighttime Temperature Stress, Shannon Shareice Cunningham
High-Throughput Phenotyping Of Rice Grains Subjected To High Nighttime Temperature Stress, Shannon Shareice Cunningham
Student Theses and Dissertations
Rice grain size is affected by high nighttime temperature stress (HNT). Although studied in small subsets, the Rice Diversity Panel 1 has not been extensively studied to determine HNT effects on grain size. Accessions have been identified as tolerant and sensitive to HNT under greenhouse conditions (Dhatt et al., 2020). A high throughput phenotyping (HTPP) method and a PlantCV2 workflow were implemented in this work to determine grain dimensions. Seed area was found to be a good indicator of HNT tolerance with a coefficient of variation being 15%. Among tolerant accessions, seed area increased by an average of 1.57 mm2 …
Non-Coding Rna Influence On Manganese Peroxidase Quantity Variation In Isogenic Corn Lines., Amber Booth
Non-Coding Rna Influence On Manganese Peroxidase Quantity Variation In Isogenic Corn Lines., Amber Booth
Student Theses and Dissertations
New technologies are vital for growing industries that require large amounts of enzymes at a cheaper production cost. Plant transformation technologies coupled with established cropping systems have allowed us to produce enzymes at more efficient rates than ever before. During breeding, offspring are selected for high production of the enzyme of interest and discontinues lines of low production. This continued range is an observed phenomenon in increasingly isogenic lines, but not fully understood. We hypothesize that distinct populations of non-coding RNAs in isogenic corn lines influence enzyme accumulation in seed. This project sequenced high and low manganese peroxidase (MnP)-expressing families …
Investigation Of The State Of Dna Methylation In High And Low Protein Accumulating Maize Lines, Akash Lal
Investigation Of The State Of Dna Methylation In High And Low Protein Accumulating Maize Lines, Akash Lal
Student Theses and Dissertations
Transgenic plant-based production for industrial enzymes is an evolutionary tool. Green bio- factories have powerful potential to produce desirable product on the most economical and efficient level. Seed itself provides protein a very stable environment, solving the problem of storage. Transgenic plants easily scale up production. Increasing population, climate change and low amounts of arable land create a damaging situation for which a plant-based production system is beneficial. The transgenic plant-based production system rather than microbial fermentation is a solution for this rising scenario. Epigenetics is a natural phenomenon which causes heritable changes in gene expression alternative to the involvement …
Induction And Characterization Of Microspore Embryogenesis In Soybean (Glycine Max [L.] Merrill), Bretton M. Hale
Induction And Characterization Of Microspore Embryogenesis In Soybean (Glycine Max [L.] Merrill), Bretton M. Hale
Student Theses and Dissertations
Gametophytic embryogenesis is a method used to achieve homozygosity in plant breeding programs. However, its application is limited within the Fabaceae, which has historically demonstrated morphogenic recalcitrance in comparison to other plant families (i.e., Brassicaceae and Poaceae). Here, the immature male gametophyte — or microspore — was used to investigate gametophytic embryogenesis in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). In so doing, an induction regimen was optimized to support embryogenic growth through pretreatment temperature shock, a nitrogen starvation medium, and other post-isolation culture conditions. In addition, parallels were drawn between soybean microspore cytology and that which has been reported in model …
Impact Of Winter Cover Crops And Nitrogen Recommendations For Corn-Soybean Rotation In Northeast Arkansas, Brayden William Burns
Impact Of Winter Cover Crops And Nitrogen Recommendations For Corn-Soybean Rotation In Northeast Arkansas, Brayden William Burns
Student Theses and Dissertations
Research plots were established on production farms in no-tillage, corn-soybean rotations following a winter cover crop. Independent variables included fertilizer N-application (0, 62, 124, 185, 247 and 309 kg N ha-1) and the presence or absence of a winter cover crop. Yield optimum nitrogen rates (YONR) estimated using linear plateau models ranged from 69.7 to 214.1 kg N ha-1, well below the University of Arkansas’ recommendation of 247 kg N ha-1. Relative to these YONRs, dynamic N-recommendation systems like N-Star, and pre-sidedress available nitrogen (PSAN) reduced recommended N-application rate with little risk of insufficient N-supply. Other recommendations like the Soil …
Influence Of Furrow Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilizer Management On Water Quality And Soil Nitrogen Dynamics In Arkansas Irrigated Cotton, Hunter Wood-Pointfield
Influence Of Furrow Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilizer Management On Water Quality And Soil Nitrogen Dynamics In Arkansas Irrigated Cotton, Hunter Wood-Pointfield
Student Theses and Dissertations
Furrow irrigation can increase potential for soil erosion and nutrient losses in agricultural cropping systems. A field experiment to examine furrow tillage and N fertilizer application was conducted in irrigated cotton in northeastern Arkansas. Treatments included a conventional sweep plow or conservation plow to clear water furrows and either a subsurface band of 32% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or broadcast urea. Runoff water was collected throughout the experiment at the edge of field, and analyzed for water quality. Soil samples of four depths (0-90 cm) were taken during key crop development stages and analyzed for soil exchangeable N. Soluble nutrients …
Soybean Androgenesis, Martina Garda
Soybean Androgenesis, Martina Garda
Student Theses and Dissertations
Food is a constant world demand, and soybeans are among the most complete food crops which have fed people since its domestication. Unfortunately, soybean is a difficult crop to work within the biotechnology laboratory. Soybean androgenesis has been a challenging process yet to be advanced significantly after years of attempts. There have been some minor advances, for instance, reports of a 2% induction rate in anther culture, formation of roots, rare shoots, but only a handful of plantlets that did not survive to maturity. This dissertation compiles these efforts in the context of developing a pyramidal stressors model for androgenesis …
Uas-Based Remote Sensing For Weed Identification And Cover Crop Termination Determination, Shailaja Vemula
Uas-Based Remote Sensing For Weed Identification And Cover Crop Termination Determination, Shailaja Vemula
Student Theses and Dissertations
This project aimed at demonstrating the utility of using unmanned aerial system (UAS) based remote sensing to assess percentage weed coverage and cash crop vegetative coverage development corresponding to cover crop (cereal rye) termination at different growth stages. A UAS equipped with an RGB (visible bands) camera was used to acquire aerial imagery of cover crop integrated soybean plots. The specific objectives were: 1) to discriminate crop and weed vegetation based on (a) spectral information and (b) location relative to the crop rows; (2) to verify optimum timing for cover crop termination using vegetative cover development based on visible spectroscopy …
Influence Of Cover Crop Species On Soil Physical Properties In A Corn-Soybean Rotation, Addison D. Jacobs
Influence Of Cover Crop Species On Soil Physical Properties In A Corn-Soybean Rotation, Addison D. Jacobs
Student Theses and Dissertations
As crop land decreases and population increases, soil quality is becoming a concern. Utilizing cover crops in cropping systems could improve soil quality. This study examined 16 treatments of single-species cover crops, cover crop mixes, and two control treatments on a silt-loam soil, in a corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) crop rotation under no-tillage, to determine their effect on soil physical properties. Cover crop biomass differed (p<0.10) among treatments and produced a maximum of 15.6 Mg ha-1 of biomass in the crimson clover treatment. Water infiltration rates increased as much as 282% in the complete-mix treatment compared to the fallow control. Differences in infiltration rates due to cover crop species were shown in two-years. However, these results suggest that it may take more time for cover crops to affect change in bulk density and aggregate stability.
Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Mid-South Cotton Grown On Heterogeneous Soils With Cereal Cover Crops In Northeast Arkansas, Erin Jane Kelly
Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Mid-South Cotton Grown On Heterogeneous Soils With Cereal Cover Crops In Northeast Arkansas, Erin Jane Kelly
Student Theses and Dissertations
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain has some of the most productive landscape for production agriculture in the world. This area also is known for highly variable soil within agricultural fields. In response to high input costs, many Midsouth cotton producers seek to improve input use efficiency using precision agriculture approaches including use of site-specific application of fertilizers, seed and other inputs directed at sub-regions of spatially variable fields. These sub-regions are known as management zones. One barrier to producer adoption of this type of site-specific management is a lack of practical guidelines for defining management zones tailored for the Midsouth region. …
On-Farm Demonstration Of Computerized Hole Selection Programs In Arkansas Commercial Soybean And Cotton Fields And Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide In Plot-Scale Furrow Irrigated Cotton, Austin Lorenzo Lewis
On-Farm Demonstration Of Computerized Hole Selection Programs In Arkansas Commercial Soybean And Cotton Fields And Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide In Plot-Scale Furrow Irrigated Cotton, Austin Lorenzo Lewis
Student Theses and Dissertations
Groundwater depletion is a rising concern in the Midsouth region of the U.S. Many crops depend on the use of groundwater in order to meet water demands and potentially reach higher yields. Products and practices have been developed to conserve both groundwater and surface water by using easily collected field data to improve irrigation advance uniformity, infiltration, irrigation runoff water quality, and reduce irrigation runoff. A field demonstration was initiated to determine the value of incorporating the computerized hole selection program, Pipe Planner, into two commercial cotton fields and two commercial soybean fields. The cotton fields were located in Judd …
Assessing Foliar Ascorbate Content In A Rice Diversity Panel And In Selected Mapping Population Lines With Varying Levels Of Seedling Cold Tolerance, Sonia Elizabeth Castillo Gonzalez
Assessing Foliar Ascorbate Content In A Rice Diversity Panel And In Selected Mapping Population Lines With Varying Levels Of Seedling Cold Tolerance, Sonia Elizabeth Castillo Gonzalez
Student Theses and Dissertations
Rice is economically, culturally, and socially important to many people in the world. Arkansas is the main rice producer in the USA. Climate change continues to increase the incidence of abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, water excess, and soil salinity. These stresses pose a particular challenge to rice cultivation. Rice has lower yields under cold stress, particularly when plants are exposed to cold at the seedling and reproductive stages. Early spring plantings and field irrigation with underground cold water expose rice seedlings to cold stress. Previous studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that lines engineered to have elevated …
Soybean Irrigation Initiation Timing Using Evapotranspiration And Soil Moisture Sensor Cues, Justin Chlapecka
Soybean Irrigation Initiation Timing Using Evapotranspiration And Soil Moisture Sensor Cues, Justin Chlapecka
Student Theses and Dissertations
Expanded use of irrigation management tools is needed to improve water use efficiency in eastern Arkansas soybean (Glycine max) production. Irrigation initiation timing was studied on a furrow irrigated, sandy loam commercial field in Mississippi County. A major objective was to develop, validate, and expand use of irrigation timing cues, incorporating local weather station data, atmometers, and soil moisture measurements. Four timing treatments were evaluated: early, recommended, late, and rainfed, and the crop and pest response to each. With above average rainfall in 2014 and 2015, results showed little variation of soybean yield. Yield monitor data indicated penalties only within …
The Suitability Of Energy Beets For Double-Cropping With Soybeans In The Arkansas Delta, Tyler Caleb Meadors
The Suitability Of Energy Beets For Double-Cropping With Soybeans In The Arkansas Delta, Tyler Caleb Meadors
Student Theses and Dissertations
The climate of the midsouthern USA allows increased potential for crop productivity through the double-crop production system (DCPS), by way of more intensive land usage. Despite this potential, DCPS utilization has decreased in Arkansas over the past 10 years, due, in part, to delayed soybean planting. An alternative winter crop with earlier harvest timing than winter wheat could lessen this risk, yet still capitalize on the area's winter crop potential. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic viability of an energy beet/soybean DCPS in Arkansas. A field study was conducted in Jonesboro, AR from September 2012 to …
Nitrogen Dynamics Of Switchgrass, Eastern Gamagrass And High Biomass Sorghum From Different Sources Of Chemical And Organic Nitrogen Fertilizers, Lucia Margarita Acosta Gamboa
Nitrogen Dynamics Of Switchgrass, Eastern Gamagrass And High Biomass Sorghum From Different Sources Of Chemical And Organic Nitrogen Fertilizers, Lucia Margarita Acosta Gamboa
Student Theses and Dissertations
Use of biomass to produce energy is a renewable source. A field experiment was established during 2009 in Northeast Arkansas to evaluate eastern gamagrass, switchgrass and biomass sorghum response to nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen dynamics and dry biomass yield. Nitrogen fertilizers included municipal biosolids, poultry litter, urea and a control. Throughout 2010 and 2011, switchgrass yielded greater biomass compared to gamagrass. Nitrogen fertilization increased yield compared to the control. In 2010, nitrogen use efficiency was greater for switchgrass compared to gamagrass. During 2011 NUE was lesser for biomass sorghum than for gamagrass. Switchgrass yielded greater biomass than gamagrass and biomass …
Effects Of Planting Date And Maturity Group On Reproductive Growth And Disease Incidence Of Soybeans In Southeast Missouri, Jeremy Austin Angotti
Effects Of Planting Date And Maturity Group On Reproductive Growth And Disease Incidence Of Soybeans In Southeast Missouri, Jeremy Austin Angotti
Student Theses and Dissertations
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of planting date of MG III, IV, and V cultivars on yield and severity of three important diseases. Plots were inspected for frogeye leaf spot, Cercospora blight, and pod and stem blight. Myclobutanil and azoxystrobin were applied at R3 and R5 stages for fungicides treatment. In 2005 and 2006, disease infestation and cultivar means showed significant effect. Fungicide application showed control in all cultivars for 2005 and 2006. Yield in 2006 was significantly greater for May than April and June planting dates; yields were similar for April and June planting …
Substantial Equivalence Assessment Of Transgenic Corn Plants, Martina Garda
Substantial Equivalence Assessment Of Transgenic Corn Plants, Martina Garda
Student Theses and Dissertations
Transgenic crops are regulated until they are judged to be as safe as non-transgenic plants. To grow them without permits, they must attain regulatory approval. . A lot of data are needed to show "substantial equivalence" and safety . This work deals with corn lines that contain cellulase genes. We hypothesize that no difference exists between Genetically Engineered (GE) and non-Genetically Engineered (non-GE) corn seeds at the morphological, protein, and DNA levels, except for the protein expressed specifically from the corresponding gene. This research will address concerns in commercializing GE crops, such as those containing a gene for either an …
Performance Of High Biomass Sorghum And Nitrogen Dynamics By The Application Of Urea, Pelleted Poultry Litter, And Class A Municipal Biosolids, Rakesh Awale
Student Theses and Dissertations
Increasing concern over the depleting fossil fuels and rising costs of chemical fertilizers have stimulated the need to find alternative crop biomass production through regionally available fertilizer sources. A field experiment was conducted to determine high biomass sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (Moench) L.) dry matter yield, and N uptake due to application of urea, pelleted poultry litter, and class A municipal biosolids in two cropping systems of biomass sorghum and nitrogen use efficiencies of these three nutrient sources in northeast Arkansas in 2009. While urea, pelleted poultry litter, and class A municipal biosolids produced average high biomass sorghum dry matter yield …