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Articles 1 - 30 of 292
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Impacts Of Management Practices And Soil Properties On Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation In Eastern South Dakota, Laura Galvan Nuevo
Impacts Of Management Practices And Soil Properties On Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation In Eastern South Dakota, Laura Galvan Nuevo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Free-living nitrogen (N) fixation (FLNF) may represent a sustainable pathway to supplement crop N demand in agroecosystems, yet edaphic and management factors regulating this process under field conditions remain poorly understood in the Northern Great Plains. Using 15N2 direct method to quantify potential FLNF (pFLNF) and baseline FLNF (bFLNF), this thesis investigates how crop rotations (2-, 3-, and 4-year systems), tillage management (conventional vs. no-till), cover cropping, and soil properties affect the potential of free-living diazotrophs to supply N via FLNF in a long-term no-till corn-based system in Southeastern South Dakota. A two-year field study evaluated pFLNF across four growing …
Investigation Of Perennial Clover Living Mulch And Reduced Tillage Effects On Weed Suppression, Crop Metrics, And Yield Of Organic Cabbage And Sweet Corn In The Northern Great Plains, Kristina Harms
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vegetable farmers often face weed management and soil health challenges, such as nitrate leaching, soil compaction, and top-soil loss. Sustainable agriculture is a forefront of innovation compared to conventional agriculture. Living mulches, non-cash crops grown alongside cash crops, have demonstrated weed suppression and impact on the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Yet studies have not evaluated established living mulch systems on cash crop quality and yield. This study conducted in 2023, 2024, and 2025 at SDSU Southeast Research Farm, Beresford, SD, USA evaluates the impact of established ‘Dynamite’ red clover (Trifolium pratense), ‘Domino’ white clover (T. repens), and ‘Aberlasting’ white × …
Regenerative Farming Practices Effects On Invertebrates In Wheat Systems, Daniel J. Pecenka
Regenerative Farming Practices Effects On Invertebrates In Wheat Systems, Daniel J. Pecenka
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The modern agricultural system is based upon the Green Revolutions principle of creating more food. However, this came at a cost of invertebrate declines through habitat loss, pollution, and the introduction of agrochemicals. Here I address knowledge gaps in biological inventory of invertebrates across north, northwestern, and central North America. These invertebrates were identified and given a size scale and a dietary guild. We also examined how regenerative and conventional agricultural practices can affect invertebrate populations within the same crop. We also examined whether regenerative management wheat fields fostered great invertebrate communities while limited pest presence. Invertebrate populations were negatively …
Prior To Termination, The Rye Cover Crop Increased The Soil Methane Sink, Shailesh Pandit, Graig W. Reicks, Janet Moriles Miller, Deepak R. Joshi, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay
Prior To Termination, The Rye Cover Crop Increased The Soil Methane Sink, Shailesh Pandit, Graig W. Reicks, Janet Moriles Miller, Deepak R. Joshi, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Even though the impact of cover crops on soil moisture has been well documented, little work has investigated the resulting impact on methane emissions. Therefore, the objective was to determine the influence of a dormant seeded rye (Secale cereale) cover crop on soil temperatures, soil moisture, inorganic N, and total CH4-C emission in a well-drained frigid soil from the start of growth in April/May through corn's (Zea mays) V4 growth stage. In this study, soil moisture, temperature, CH4-C, and N2O-N fluxes were measured near-continuously. The rye cover crop: (1) reduced …
Assessment And Management Of Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes Texanus Leconte, In South Dakota Soybeans, Zachary Loomis
Assessment And Management Of Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes Texanus Leconte, In South Dakota Soybeans, Zachary Loomis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Dectes stem borer (Dectes texanus LeConte, Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) has emerged as an increasingly significant pest of soybean (Glycine max) in South Dakota. Although historically considered a minor concern, rising populations of this insect have led to significant preharvest lodging and subsequent yield loss in affected fields. The Dectes stem borer's larval feeding within the soybean stem interferes with nutrient flow, and as the season progresses, this internal feeding weakens stem integrity, amplifying lodging risks and causing considerable challenges for farmers and researchers. Since 2017, both the number and severity of Dectes stem borer infestations have been on the rise …
Isolation, Characterization & Identification Of Cultivable Field Pea Seed Bacteria In South Dakota, Diana Wairimu Njuguna
Isolation, Characterization & Identification Of Cultivable Field Pea Seed Bacteria In South Dakota, Diana Wairimu Njuguna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a legume, cultivated on over 25 million acres, particularly in Canada, France, China, Russia, and the United States. Its seeds harbor microbiota including bacteria and fungi, either on the surface (epiphytes) or within seed tissues (endophytes). These microbes can be pathogenic or beneficial, enhancing seedling metabolism and protection from environmental stresses. Characterizing beneficial seed microbiota enables development of microbial inoculants for seed treatment. Seeds from 12 varieties (green or yellow seed coats) were harvested from Sturgis and Dakota Lakes in 2021. Epiphytes were extracted using sonication followed by grinding the seeds to obtain endophytes. Isolates …
Evaluation Of Established Perennial Clover Living Mulch And Soil Management Effects On Weed Suppression, Soil Health, And Broccolini Production For The Northern Great Plains, Connor Ruen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vegetable cropping systems have long been reliant on the use of tillage to prepare favorable seedbeds and manage weed pressure. Tillage degrades soil structure, decreases water infiltration and leads to compaction. Due to recent droughts across the central United Stated, it is important for water conservation to improve infiltration and avoid run off and erosion. Changes in weather patterns not only influence drought conditions but bring heat waves that have made early and late planted cool season crops in the brassica family prone bolting, leading to unmarketable produce and economic losses for farmers. This 2023 and 2024 study was designed …
Quantifying Landscape Variability Of Dynamic Soil Properties In The James River Valley, Eastern South Dakota, Sage Reuter-Schmitt
Quantifying Landscape Variability Of Dynamic Soil Properties In The James River Valley, Eastern South Dakota, Sage Reuter-Schmitt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dynamic soil properties (DSP) are a great tool for monitoring land-use change, and they are frequently used as soil health metrics. The NRCS and other soil researchers often use repeating, single-point or nested-point DSP studies to monitor and better understand the effects of land management decisions. While these studies capture the temporal variability of DSPs, they overlook the field-scale spatial variability of DSPs. Soil organic carbon (SOC) provides critical services to the ecosystem and other environments. These traits, as well as its susceptibility to management decisions, make SOC an important soil health indicator and DSP. Measuring SOC is often time …
Isolation And Characterization Of Rhizobia Bacteria From Midwest Soils, Jr Loya
Isolation And Characterization Of Rhizobia Bacteria From Midwest Soils, Jr Loya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Symbiotic bacteria, known as rhizobia, can colonize the roots of legume plants and then convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form by the host through the process called biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Many of these bacteria produce other plant-growth-promoting benefits, such as nutrient acquisition, phytohormone production, and the modification of plant stress responses. Agricultural inoculants made from these bacteria have helped reduce the need for man-made nitrogenous fertilizers, known causes of pollution and eutrophication. There are additional benefits in developing bacteria inoculants local to regional soils. The ability to survive and compete in Midwest soil and climates present an opportunity …
Physiological And Genetic Studies Of Hydrotropism In The Maize Primary Root, Muyu Gu
Physiological And Genetic Studies Of Hydrotropism In The Maize Primary Root, Muyu Gu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Epidemiological And Diagnostic Approaches For Soybean Cyst Nematode In South Dakota, Nabina Karki
Epidemiological And Diagnostic Approaches For Soybean Cyst Nematode In South Dakota, Nabina Karki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines (HG) Ichinohe, is an endoparasitic nematode and one of the major yield-limiting pathogens of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the United States. Soybean cyst nematode alone accounts for more than $1.5 billion economic loss annually in North America. First reported in the U.S.A. in 1954 in New Hanover County, North Carolina and later in 1995 in Union County, South Dakota. Prior to this study, SCN has spread in 34 counties in the state. As a soil pathogen, which can adapt to most soil conditions under soybean production and beside soybean, it is hosted on …
Cover Cropping Strategies For Improving Weed Suppression, Yashar Askarzadeh
Cover Cropping Strategies For Improving Weed Suppression, Yashar Askarzadeh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cover crops (CCs) play an essential role in sustainable agriculture by providing multiple ecosystem services. However, adoption remains low due to concerns about economic returns, management complexity, and potential yield reductions in cash crops. Applying CCs uniformly across fields without accounting for spatial variability can result in inconsistent outcomes. A precision cover cropping system (PCCS), which incorporates site-specific management zones (MZs), offers a more targeted approach to improving performance while minimizing costs and uncertainties. This study explores the interaction between CCs and field variability through complementary field and greenhouse experiments. The field experiment demonstrates that field heterogeneity significantly influences CC …
Improving Reduced Tillage Vegetable Systems For The Northern Great Plains: How Does Early Season Soil Tarping (Solarization And Occultation) Reduce Weeds, Affect Soil Health, And Protect Yield?, Hannah Voye
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil tarping (solarization and occultation) is a no-till weed management practice gaining popularity in the United States for small scale vegetable growers. While many studies have been conducted using variations of this tool in the Northeast United States, minimal research has been done in the windier, sunnier, Midwest climate. Our research explored the effectiveness of early spring solarization and occultation to manage weeds and produce viable onion yield in Eastern South Dakota. Occultation tarps placed in early spring included double sided black and white silage tarps with tarps placed black side up or white side up, each placed 6-, 4-, …
Remote Sensing - Based Mapping And Analysis Of Winter Cover Crop Adoption For Sustainable Agriculture, Minnehaha County, Belinda Buechler
Remote Sensing - Based Mapping And Analysis Of Winter Cover Crop Adoption For Sustainable Agriculture, Minnehaha County, Belinda Buechler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Winter cover crops planted by farmers such as cereal rye, crimson clover, radishes, hairy vetch, and winter wheat are used to conserve and protect the soil during winter. These crops offer numerous benefits such as improving soil health, reducing erosion, fixing nitrogen, increasing carbon sequestration, and weed suppression. Over time, winter cover cropping has been recognized as a sustainable agricultural practice and has gained attention from Federal and State conservation programs, farmers, and non-governmental organizations. Due to their vital benefits, agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conversation Services (NRCS) have partnered with cost-share programs …
Foliar Corn Diseases In South Dakota: Visual Disease Surveys And The Genetic Studies Of Tar Spot And Bacterial Leaf Streak, Ciera Kotaska
Foliar Corn Diseases In South Dakota: Visual Disease Surveys And The Genetic Studies Of Tar Spot And Bacterial Leaf Streak, Ciera Kotaska
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops in South Dakota and the United States. Each year, a variety of diseases impact the production of corn in South Dakota, though very little documentation about these diseases exists in the state. This survey documents the foliar diseases of corn and the distribution of each to create a baseline of knowledge. An additional genetic study was conducted to determine the organisms associated with tar spot of corn and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), two emerging diseases in South Dakota. A variety of studies have been conducted on tar spot, caused …
Evaluation Of Strip-Tillage And Banded Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer For Corn Production In Eastern South Dakota, Charles N. Tesch
Evaluation Of Strip-Tillage And Banded Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer For Corn Production In Eastern South Dakota, Charles N. Tesch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In South Dakota, the adoption of no-till and other conservation tillage practices has grown in recent years. However, conventional tillage is still a common practice in the eastern third of the state, negatively affecting soil health and the environment. Strip-tillage has gained interest in this region as a way to transition to conservation tillage while retaining some benefits of conventional tillage. Strip-tillage also provides the ability to subsurface band nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers within the tillage strip, potentially improving nutrient accessibility and recovery while reducing environmental risks. This study aimed to investigate (i) the effects of …
Quantification Of Auxin-Cytokinin Response During Lateral Root And Nodule Development In Medicago, Aniket Singh
Quantification Of Auxin-Cytokinin Response During Lateral Root And Nodule Development In Medicago, Aniket Singh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lateral roots (LRs) and nodules are post-embryonic root organs in legumes formed through the activity of de novo meristem. LRs, which are present in all vascular plants, are developed primarily via intrinsic developmental cues, whereas root nodules, found only in a small group of plants known as legumes, are formed in response to legume–rhizobium symbiosis. LRs arise from the pericycle layer of the root, whereas nodule initiation can begin either in the pericycle (indeterminate nodules with persistent meristem, as in Medicago) or in the cortex (determinate nodules with transient meristem, as in soybean), pointing toward a conserved developmental origin, especially …
Fungal Biotransformation Of Thin Stillage And Soybean Hulls And Bacterial Production Of Lysine In Ethanol Industry Co-Products, Bhawana Khadka
Fungal Biotransformation Of Thin Stillage And Soybean Hulls And Bacterial Production Of Lysine In Ethanol Industry Co-Products, Bhawana Khadka
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thin stillage (TS) and whole stillage (WS) are major by-products of the corn ethanol industry. These by-products are generated in large quantities and contain nutrients that remain after yeast fermentation. Current industrial utilization of these by-products involves a series of downstream processing steps such as centrifugation and evaporation, which are energy-intensive and often result in nutrient losses. Traditionally, these by-products are dried to produce distillers dried grains with solubles. In this study, microbial fermentation was investigated as an alternative bioprocessing tool to expand the utilization of these by-products. The first objective was to explore the upcycling of TS, both alone …
Characterization Of Major Foliar Fungal Species Affecting Cucurbits In South Dakota, Janani Perera Waduwarage Dona
Characterization Of Major Foliar Fungal Species Affecting Cucurbits In South Dakota, Janani Perera Waduwarage Dona
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cucurbit crops comprise the largest area in vegetable production in South Dakota (USDA 2022). Information on the prevalence, distribution, and fungicide sensitivity of their fungal pathogens are unknown. This study characterized the major foliar fungal species affecting cucurbits in South Dakota through a 2-year, state-wide survey. Between 2023 and 2024, 789 leaves were recovered from pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon, squash, and bottle gourd. Alternaria spp. (70.72% of leaves) Fusarium spp. (6.84%), Podosphaera xanthii (4.18%), both Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. (3.42%), and both Alternaria spp. and Podosphaera xanthii (1.90%), Stagonosporopsis spp. (1.27%) and other genera of fungi (4.94%) were identified using …
Plants Reduced Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Northern Great Plains Saline/Sodic Soil, Sharon A. Clay, Thandiwe Nleya, David E. Clay, Deepak Joshi, Dwarika Bhattarai, Shin-Yi Marzano, Bhanu Prakash Petla
Plants Reduced Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Northern Great Plains Saline/Sodic Soil, Sharon A. Clay, Thandiwe Nleya, David E. Clay, Deepak Joshi, Dwarika Bhattarai, Shin-Yi Marzano, Bhanu Prakash Petla
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
The slowly establishing salt-tolerant perennial grasses reduced nitrous oxide (N2 O- N) emissions from saline/sodic soil compared to barren areas. Other salt-tolerant species may accelerate vegetative establishment and reduce N 2 O-N emissions. In a greenhouse study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Florida broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and Kernza intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] were grown for 63 days to compare shoot biomass and chemical composition, N 2 O-N emissions, and the soil microbiome between saline/sodic and productive (non-salt impacted) soils. Emissions were measured six times daily from 1 to 22 and 42 to 63 …
Can Phytoremediation-Induced Changes In The Microbiome Improve Saline/Sodic Soil And Plant Health?, Achal Neupane, Duncan Jukubowski, Douglas Fiedler, Liping Gu, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, Shin-Yi Marzano
Can Phytoremediation-Induced Changes In The Microbiome Improve Saline/Sodic Soil And Plant Health?, Achal Neupane, Duncan Jukubowski, Douglas Fiedler, Liping Gu, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, Shin-Yi Marzano
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Increasing soil salinity and/or sodicity is an expanding problem in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America. This study investigated the impact of phytoremediation on the soil microbiome and if changes, in turn, had positive or negative effects on plant establishment. Amplicon sequencing and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis compared root metabolites and microbial composition of bulk vs. rhizosphere soils between two soil types (productive and saline/sodic). Beta-diversity analysis indicated that bacterial and fungal communities from both the bulk and rhizosphere soils from each soil type clustered separately, indicating dissimilar microbial composition. Plant species also influenced both root-associated bacterial and …
Nitrogen Application Timing And Cereal Rye (Secale Cereale L.) Cover Crop Influence Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Graig Reicks
Nitrogen Application Timing And Cereal Rye (Secale Cereale L.) Cover Crop Influence Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Graig Reicks
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dryland contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are increased by N fertilizer applications and high soil water contents. Fertilizer timing and spring growth of cover crops prior to cash crop planting were investigated in separate studies to examine impacts on overall GHG emissions using a near continuous measurement system. There was a significant interaction between N fertilizer rate (0 vs. 224 kg N ha-1 surface-applied as urea) and application date (p= 0.01) for CO2 emissions. This interaction occurred because N fertilizer increased CO2 emissions by 35% for the 21 d interval following early spring application. When application was delayed until …
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry For Sensing Salinity And Sodicity In Glacial Northern Great Plains Soils With Machine Learning Models, Adam Devlin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Saline and sodic soils are an increasing concern across the Northern Great Plains (NGP) due to factors of climate change and land management that are drawing geologically derived salts to the land surface. Traditional laboratory assessments, such as electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), are time and resource consumptive. Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) may be a viable proximal sensing alternative, as it is able to provide elemental data in minutes, in situ or ex situ, and can directly quantify salinity-associated elements like Ca, Mg, and S. PXRF paired with predictive models has proven useful for a range of …
The Hutton Project: Long-Term Agricultural Impacts On Soil Loss And Carbon Dynamics In Eastern South Dakota, Eli Halverson
The Hutton Project: Long-Term Agricultural Impacts On Soil Loss And Carbon Dynamics In Eastern South Dakota, Eli Halverson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Long-term and intensified agricultural land management has resulted in increased rates of soil erosion and has altered much of the carbon cycle at regional and global scales. Anthropogenic degradation of soil resources is a barrier to sustainable production, soil functioning, and ecosystem services. It is difficult to quantify the scope of pedogenic changes due to the lack of legacy data and short temporal scales. This study utilized decades to century-old soil information to quantify historical soil erosion losses and changes in soil carbon pools of eastern South Dakota soils. The results show that soils in the region have been significantly …
Plant Pathways Associated With Competition For Soybean Root Colonization By Bradyrhizobium Strains, Athira Sethu Madhavan
Plant Pathways Associated With Competition For Soybean Root Colonization By Bradyrhizobium Strains, Athira Sethu Madhavan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for the growth and development of plants. Legume crops like soybeans develop symbiotic associations with soil bacteria from the genus, Bradyrhizobium to obtain fixed nitrogen. In this mutualistic association, rhizobia are released into root nodules that provide a compatible environment for rhizobia to grow and fix nitrogen (Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (SNF)). A caveat in such beneficial associations is the competition between different rhizobium strains in soil for infection and nodule occupancy. The elite inoculant strains encounter competition by indigenous rhizobial population in the soil to infect and nodulate a susceptible legume host, because of which …
Near-Real-Time Monitoring Of Crop Progress At Field Scales By Fusing Observations From Both Polar-Orbiting And Geostationary Satellites, Yu Shen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Impacts Of Cover Crops And Diversified Crop Rotations On Soil Biochemical Properties, Hydrophysical Characteristics, And Water Dynamics In Long-Term No-Till Cropping Systems, Sainfort Vital
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research assessed the impacts of crop rotations and cover crops on the soil's biochemical and hydrophysical properties within long-term no-till systems. The research was conducted at the Southeast Research Farm, near Beresford, South Dakota. The crop rotations contain two levels: 4-year corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) (CSOR) and 2-year corn-soybean (CS) rotations. The cover crop factors also had two levels within each rotation treatment: cover crops (CC) and no cover crops (NCC). All plots were managed under long-term no-till (NT), with soils mapped as Egan silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, …
Various Surfactant Soil Conditioner Effect On Plant Nutrient Concentration, Soil Nutrient Depletion, Soil Volumetric Water Content, Plant Biomass And Yield In Corn, Timothy Veldkamp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil conditioners help improve soil structure by increasing aeration, water infiltration and water holding capacity leading to nutrient availability and reduced irrigation needs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiple soil conditioners (SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, and SC5) on corn (Zea mays L.) and their ability to reduce irrigation by 30%. This was evaluated in the field in 2022 and 2023 by Aurora, SD using a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Conditioners were applied as broadcast pre-emergence treatments with 70% irrigation. Control treatments of 70% and 100% irrigation, respectively were included. SC1 application …
The Relationship Between Soil Test Phosphorus And Soil Biology - A Natural Management Of Soil Phosphorus Through Conservation Practices, Clarence Frederick Winter
The Relationship Between Soil Test Phosphorus And Soil Biology - A Natural Management Of Soil Phosphorus Through Conservation Practices, Clarence Frederick Winter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phosphorus (P) management is an ongoing challenge in modern agriculture. Due to the importance of P in agriculture, P fertilizer additions are made throughout the U.S. to avoid nutrient-depleted soil. However, the application of P is problematic, as an excess of P in an agricultural system elevates the risk of environmental degradation, and current synthetic P sources are a fleeting resource. Additionally, a majority of P found in agricultural soils are insoluble, in the form of secondary and primary P minerals, making this large pool of P unavailable to plants. Fortunately, soil fungi organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) …
Genetic And Ecologic Effects Of Seed Dormancy Genes On Seed Aging, Soil Seedbank Longevity, And Microbiome In An Isogenic Background Of Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.), Bhupinder Singh Batth
Genetic And Ecologic Effects Of Seed Dormancy Genes On Seed Aging, Soil Seedbank Longevity, And Microbiome In An Isogenic Background Of Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.), Bhupinder Singh Batth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.