Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Phomopsis-Resistanct Lupins : Breakthrough Towards The Control Of Lupinosis, W A. Cowling, J. G. Allen, P Mcr. Wood, J. Hamblin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Attemots to control lupinosis in sheep have been thwarted by the unpredictable occurence of the disease in the field. The complex interaction of the toxin-producing fungus (Phomopsis leptostromiformis) with its host (the lupin plant), together with variable weather and paddock grazing conditions, have made it difficult to predict when stock are in danger of contracting the disease. The risk of lupinosis discourages many farmers from growing lupins, despite the many potential benefits of including them in crop rotations.

A team of Department of Agriculture plant breeders, plant pathologists, and animal scientists set out in the mid 1970s to find resistance …

Reduced-Branching Lupins, R J. Delane, J. Hamblin, J. S. Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The flowering time of present narrow-leafed lupin varieties is now probably correct for most of Western Australia's grain growing areas. However lupin yields are frequently not as high as might be expected, in either low or high yielding sistuations, and further marked yield improvements seem theoretically possible. A likely reason for seed yields being below expectations is the growth and development pattern of present lupin varieties.

Some new lupin types in which branching is suppressed genetically - known as reduced-branching types - are being studied. These types could be useful in some lupin growing areas to help overcome seed yield …

Foliar Wheat Diseases And Cereal Smuts., R. Loughman, A. E. Twigg

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Chemical control of leaf spots of wheat, 86BA41, 86MT49. Semi-natural inoculum for plant breeders plots, 86MD2. Chemical control of soil-borne flag smut, 86ME73, 86M032. Chemical control of barley loose smut, 86AL50, 86KA59, 86MT47. Chemical control of loose smut in barley with different levels of seed infections, 86MT48. Disease characterisation of cereal variety trial stage 4 sites.

Pasture Manipulation And Root Diseases Of Cereals., W. Macleod

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Rotation for wheat comparing pure clover ley with a pasture ley, 79El5. Pasture renovation techniques and crop production in a 1:2 rotation, 81E35. Pasture manipulation - effects on take-all, 85E32. Spraytopping herbicides and take-all, 85MT58. Timing of spraytopping and herbicides, 86MT64, 86E55.

Fungicide Testing, M. J. Barbetti

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Fungicidal control of Phoma blackstem disease in medic, 86 KA 11. Medic cultivar susceptibility to Phoma blackstem disease, 85 KA 56. Role of Phoma seed infection in medic, 85 KA 57. Effect of soil pasteurization on damage caused by six fungal root pathogens, 86 PE 53. Susceptibility of 18 sub-clover cultivars to isolates of the clover scorch fungus, Kabatiella caulivora, 86 PE 54. Effect of plant age or growth stage of subterranean clover on susceptibility to infection by the clover scorch fungus, Kabatiella caulivora, 86 PE 55. Susceptibility of rapeseed lines to blackleg crown canker, 86 MT 1, 86 MT …

Radish Control In Lupins, Weed Control In Lupins, Peas - Broadleaf Weed Control, Peas - Post Emergence Grass Control, Grapevines - Herbicide And Fruit Quality., D. J. Gilbey, R. Klemm

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Radish control in lupins simazine "top up", 86N085. Radish control in lupins diflufenican, 86 GE 42, 86 MO 33, 86 ME 83. Radish control in lupins probe, 86 TS 33, 86 GE 41. Radish control in lupins simazine and atrazine, 86 GE 43, 86 MO 34, 86 NO 87, 86 LG 41. Capeweed control in lupins simazine and atrazine, 86 LG 41. Radish control in lupins, 86 TS 38. Radish control in lupins post emergence herbicides, 86 WH 68. Radish control in lupins post emergence herbicides, 86 MO 42. Radish control in lupins post emergence duiron and 2,4-db, 86 GE …

Lupin Root Rot, Lupin Hypocotyl Rot, Rhizoctonia Coleoptile Rot Of Wheat, Rhizoctonia Root Rots In Long Term Wheat-Pasture Rotation Trials., M. Sweetingham

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupin Root Rot: 86Cl4, 86WH15, 86ME85, 86LG63, 85C63, 86WH14. Lupin Hypocotyl rot, 86BA49, 86BA21. Rhizoctonia coleoptile rot of wheat, 86BA19, 86BA20 Rhizoctonia root rots in long term wheat-pasture rotation trials.

Preventing Lupinosis With Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, Jeremy G. Allen, W. A. Cowling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Lupinosis is one of the major livestock siseases in Western Australia. It is caused by stock eating toxins produced by the fungus Phomopsis leptostromiformis which colonises the stems of dead lupin plants.

In 975, the Department of Agriculture started a breeding programme to develop Phompsis-resistant lupins to overcome or control lupinosis. In the previous issue of this Journal the results of small plot evaluations of new lines of Phompsis-resistant lupins developed in this programme were reported. This article describes the first trial involving grazing of Phompsis-resistant lupins.

Barley Breeding Update, P A. Portmann

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Barley production in Western Australia has increased over the past few years, peaking at 1.42 million tonnes in 1984. The European Economic Community, however, has flooded world markets for barley and over half of ourbarley was sold for feed to Saudi Arabia last year. Current prices therefore have declined as has the total area sown to barley in this State.

Despite this, the potential to increase barley yields is most promising. The Department of Agriculture has cross-bred lines in advanced stages of field testing which could increase yield by 10 per cent across the agricultural areas.

In the longer term, …

Increasing Wheat Yields Through Breeding, B R. Whan, R. Gilmour

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

With the current 'cost price' sueeze facing Australia's farmers, the development of new higher yielding varieties is moe important that ever. By growing higher yielding varieties, farmers can increase their returns at virtuakky no additional cost: for example a wheat variety that produces 5 per cent extra yield from 1 t/ha crop returns about an additional $8/ha. Farmers can therefore increase their production by growing improved varieties.

Serena And Circle Valley Medic Establishment, M A B Ewing

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since the commercial release of the burr medics Serens in 1983, and Circle Valley ayearlater, much has been learnt about the establishment and management of these pasture legumes. When sown on suitable soils and with appropriate establishment and management techniques, these medics have the potential to dramatically change farm profitability. This results from both increased production from livestock and from improved cereal crops grown in rotation.

Swathing Field Crops In The South-West, R Snowball

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Swathing is a long established method of haarvesting field crops, especially in parts of Europe and North America. It involves cutting the crop when the seed is nearly mature and laying it in a swath or windrow to dry. when the crop has dried it is harvested using conventional harvesting machinery with a pick-up attatchment.

On the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, an area prone to strong moist sea breezes, swathing barley is a common practice. More farmers along Western Australia's south coast are also swathing barley to reduce losses from conventional harvesting. Pod shattering losses of lupins and field …

Wheat Growth On Saline Waterlogged Soils, E G. Barrett-Lennard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Studies of the growth of plants on salt-affected soils have focused maily on the effects of salt. However, many salt-affected soils are also subject to waterlogging. Glasshouse experiments conducted by the Department of Agriculture have shown that although wheat growth is not greatly reduced by low levels of salt under well drained conditions, under waterlogged conditions such levels of salt can have a severe effect.

Row Spacing And Cereal Crop Yield, R N. Burch, M. W. Perry

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cereal growers in western Australia have, traditionally, burned cereal stubbles. Burning stubble residues reduces weed seed populations and fungal pathogens, but its main purpose has been to eliminate straw which might cause blockages od seeding machinery and por see-bed preparation in the time critical seeding operation.

In 982, the Department of Agriculture began a project to determine whether wider spaced rows also depressed cereal yields in Western Australia. This article summarises some of the important results from that work.

Agricultural Progress On The Ord, D A. Mcghie

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This is the first of occasional articles describing the experimental and commercial activity on the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in Western Australia's Kimberley region.

Against a background of extensive recources of land and water, a sometimes cimatic advantage and a complementary disadvantage of a remote location, agriculture on the Ord has swung from various monocultures to a broadly based and diversified production. In 1986, the value of agricultural production on the Ord will approach values equivalent to those of the cotton era for the first time since the demise of that industry 12 years ago.

Using The Zadoks Growth Scale, M W. Perry, D. G. Bowran, G. Brown

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Zadoks growth scale, which is already used overseas as an aid to better crop management, is gradually being adopted in crop production in Western Australia.

By using the scale grain growers are able to identify the various stages of crop development, particularily those growth stages that are closely related to practices such as crop spraying where treatment too early or too late may be ineffective or damaging.

Phomopsis Infection Of Lupin Seed, D S. Petterson, P. Mcr. Wood

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Early reports of lupinosis in Western Australia implicated infected stems and leaves of the sandplain or W,A. blue lupin (Lupinus cosentinii) as the main source of toxicity.

After the introduction of low alkaloid varieties of L. augustifolius, lupinosis continued to oddur on stubbles but random testing of seeds showed only low levels of Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection.

However in 1976, scientists at the University of Western Australia who were evaluating the use of an all lupin seed ration for drought feeding sheep encounted lupinosis in one of their trials.Seven per cent of the seed used was found to be infected …

Control Strategies For Annual Ryegrass Toxicity, W J. Burdass

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In 982-83, annual ryegrass tocicity (ARGT) was estimated to have cost Western Australian sheep farmers between $7 and $8 million in total economic losses.

The disease can severely disrupt farming operations. Sheep must be checked daily and if affected moved to a 'safe' paddock. The availability of paddock feed is reduced, as is stock carrying capacity. Worry about the possibility of dramatic stock losses, and uncertainty about what decisions to make, are all stressful.

Stock losses from ARGT can be minimised by the use of selective herbicides to control ryegrass in pastures and crops. This breaks the disease cycle - …

Soil Science Research Report - 1986

Soil Science Research Reports

Wheat Experiments

Effect of Long Term Seed and Broadcast P on Winter Wheat Yields .......... 1

Effect of Method and Time of P Application on Winter Wheat Grain yield .......... 3

Corn Experiments

BKR Demonstration Farm - Comparison of Lime Sources and Rates in a Corn-Soybean Rotation .......... 5

Effect of Band Spacing on the Effectiveness of Dual Placed N and P on Corn Yield and P Uptake .......... 8

Effect of Broadcast Phosphorus on P Response of Ridge-Planted Corn .......... 10

High Yield Corn-Soybean-Wheat Rotation Study .......... 12

The Influence of Soil Bulk Density, Soil Water Regime and Fertilization …

Effect Of Metham-Sodium On Potato Cyst Nematode., J. M. Stanton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Effect of metham-sodium on potato cyst nematode. To determine the effect of fumigation with metham-sodium on potato cyst nematode (PCN).

Rhizoctonia Patch Of Cereals, G C. Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Rhizoctonia patch is now widespread within Western Australia, having been recorded on all cereals and on a wide variety of other crops and pasture plants. Although the disease-as its name implies - looks spectacular in the field, the overall reduction in crop yield is probably small. However, its increasing frequency is causing considerable concern as the disease appears to be associated with minimum or reduced tillage systems.

Boron Toxicity In Barley 1986 1987, M M. Riley, J W. Gartrell, R F. Brennan, T N. Khan

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Boron Toxicity in cereals, 85GL3. Intraspecific variation in barley to boron toxicity, 86SG22, 86SG31, 86SG26. Intraspecific variation in Wheat to boron toxicity, 86SG24, 86SG32.

Survey of Boron toxicity in Stirling Barley in Western Australia, 85NO64, 85NO65, 85NO66, 85NO67, 85NO68, 85NO69.

Serradella Prospects At Esperance, Michael D A Bolland

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Yellow serradells is a promising introduced annual legume suitable for some of Western Australia's well drained sandy acid soils where other pasture legumes failto persist.

In the Esperance area serradella grows siccessfully on some sandy soils more than 0.5 metres deep. I develops deep roots rapidly - up to three times deeper than subterranean clover - and this is probably the main reason for its persistance.

At present only two late maturing, registered serradella cultivars are available to farmers in southern Australia. This article describes research at Esperance to delect earlier flowering cultivars for persistence in areas with less than …

Root Diseases Of Cereals., G. C. Macnish

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Take-all Effects of nitrogen source on take-all 82N34, 77E4. Take-all and rates of PP450 and Bayleton 86MT40. Take-all and control by lupins 86MT6. Take-all and field inoculation rates, 86MT58. Take-all and fumigation, 86MT57. Rhizoctonia root rot Rhizoctonia patch and soil compaction, 86E39. Rhizoctonia patch and short chemical fallow, 86E40. Rhizoctonia root rot and Glean, 86E42. Rhizoctonia strains-and paddock history, 86E31. Rhizoctonia root rot - host effects on strains, 86BA38, 85E28, 86E30.

Root And Foliar Diseases Of Wheat On Sandplain In The Geraldton Region., J. Wilson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Leaf disease trial, 86C69. Drench trial, 86C70. Fumigation trial, 86C71. Three springs trial, 86TS31. Soil transfer trial, 86C98. Wheat leaf disease control trial, 86C99. Water use rotation trial, 86C63. Cultivation, naraling (jarvis), 82GE38. Wheat diseases, survey.

Sources And Times Of N On Wheat, J W. Bowden

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

86M9, Sources and times of N on wheat.

86M3, Rates and times of N and watering treatments on wheat.

86BA42, Times and levels of N on wheat. Residual value of nitrogen sources. Badgingarra and WHRS.

Atrazine And Cyanazine Interception And Retention On Crop Residue, Mark A. Wrucke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effect of several variables on herbicide interception and retention by crop residue was investigated. Variables considered include residue type and amount, amount of rain, time of rainfall occurrence, and herbicide formulation. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse using corn (Zea mays), soybean (glycine max), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue. Simulated rainfall was applied using a modified potsprayer. Herbicide concentration in washoff water was determined using the pyridine-alkali colorimeteric technique for chloro-s-triazine herbicides. As the percent ground cover increased, the amount of herbicide reaching the soil surface at application decreased. With normal residue levels attained in South Dakota, 60% or …

The Effect Of Soil Storage Methods And Soil Microbes On Carbofuran And Terbufos Degradation, Muriel Monteleone Runholt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine optimal soil storage methods for soils used in carbofuran and terbufos degradation studies. The effect of soil microbes on degradation was also observed. An LD₅₀ study, using 22 day old crickets (Acheta domestica), was undertaken to establish the appropriate LC dose for carbofuran in the soil storage studies. A carbofuran use history failure soil and a noninsecticide use history soil of the same type were collected from the SDSU experimental farm in Centerville, South Dakota. After initial degradation and microbial analysis, the soils were stored air-dried and with a moisture level …

Modeling Of Soil Water Flow And Root Uptake, V. Rasiah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The soil water pressure head, h, versus soil water content, 9, and the hydraulic conductivity, K, versus θ, relationships appear as functional coefficients in the non-linear partial differential water flow model. Before the flow equation can be used to simulate the flow of water through soils, the h versus θ and K versus θ relationships must be established. This requires the estimation of the parameters that describe the h versus θ and K versus θ functional relationships. In-situ water retention and hydraulic conductivity measurements were determined from the knowledge of initial and boundary conditions and water content profiles during drainage. …

The Relationship Between Reciprocal Spring By Winter Wheat Crosses And The Contribution Of Their Parents To Hybrid Performance, George Warren Partelow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five diverse spring and five diverse winter wheat cultivars were crossed in all possible spring by winter combinations including their reciprocals to determine whether agronomic differences in reciprocal spring by winter crosses occur, and to determine the relative contribution of spring and winter parents to general and specific combining ability. Traits examined in the F1 generation in this greenhouse study included: 1) grain yield (g/plant) 2) number of spikelets per spike 3) total kernel weight (g) per spike 4) number of kernels per spike 5) number of tillers per plant 6) weight (g) of 100 kernels 7) length (mm) of …