Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Increasing Phosphorus Concentration In Lupin Seed Increases Grain Yield On Phosphorus Deficient Soil, Mike D. Bolland, Blakely Paynter, Mike Baker

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed ( Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing …

Can Genetically Engineered Crops Become Weeds?, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

There are significant differences if the distribution of weedy characteristics among weeds, normal plants, and crops. The world’s most serious weeds possess on the average 10 or 11 of these characters, a random collection of British plants have an average seven of the traits, and crop plants only five. For the average crop to become as “weedy” as the average weed, it would need to acquire five weedy traits. Even using the unlikely assumption that those traits are single loci in which a dominant mutation would provide the weedy character, this would require the simultaneous acquisition of five gene substitutions. …

Stubble Losses Of Kentucky Soybeans, Larry J. Grabau, Todd W. Pfeiffer

Agronomy Notes

Double crop soybeans in Kentucky tend to be shorter than plants from full season plantings. Since lowest pod height is related to plant height, double crop soybeans may be subject to greater harvest losses due to pods remaining below the level at which the combine header is operated. While it would be possible to lower the header closer to the soil to pick up some of those pods, that would slow down harvest and increase the risk of picking up stones and other trash. Although the actual cutting heights used in Kentucky are not known, some producers use combines with …

Studies On The Giant Mealie Witchweed, Striga Forbesii Benth., In Zimbabwe, David Allen Knepper

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Of the seven species of Striga found in Zimbabwe, S. forbesii Benth. is currently the most destructive in terms of crop damage. Owing to its limited occurrence worldwide as a pest of crops, relatively little work has been done on this species.

Striga forbesii has been found to be a consistent problem on both maize and sorghum in the Hunter's Road District of KweKwe, Zimbabwe. Results of a pot study and field observations, indicate S. forbesii can successfully parasitize Urochloa panicoides Beauv., Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (L.) L.f., all of which are widespread weeds of arable land. …

Bulletin 4133 - Fungal Diseases Of Pasture Legumes In Western Australia, M. J. Barbetti

Bulletins 4000 -

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most important annual pasture legume in Western Australia, forming the basis of some 6.5 million ha of annual pastures. The success of subterranean clover may be attributed to its ability to increase soil fertility as a consequence of nitrogen fixed, to withstand heavy grazing, to control soil erosion and, with some cultivars, to tolerate waterlogging. Fungal diseases have been a major limitation to the productivity of subterranean clover, affecting both the amount of plant matter and the quantity of seed produced.

Annual medic (Medicago spp., in particular M. polymorpha L.) is also an …

Bulletin Ma 3/89 - Broccoli Growing In The South West, J. Burt, M. Hegney, H Gratte

Horticulture published reports

Manjimup Regional Office

Agdex No. 254/11

Broccoli (Brassica oleracae, variety italica) is closely related to cabbage, cauliflowers, brussel sprouts and kohl rabi. This group of plants may be referred to as crucifers, brassicas or cole crops.

Broccoli originated in Italy. The head consists of well developed green flower buds on a fleshy flower stalk. It is high in protein, calcium, fibre and vitamins A and C.

Broccoli are produced throughout the year for Western Australian markets, but mainly from January to August as there is more competition from Perth producers in spring. There is potential to export broccoli to South …

A Comparison Of Chemical Composition & Fermentation Patterns Of Alternative Silages To Whole Plant Corn Silage, Susan Fox

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A comparison of the relationship of fermentation to chemical composition was made for forages which were wilted and ensiled at 35 to 45 percent dry matter. Trial I consisted of three forages ensiled in October, 1981: interseeded soybeans and grain sorghum. whole plant corn with added anhydrous ammonia, and whole plant corn with shelled corn added at a rate of 150 kg/t of fresh forage. Trial II consisted of two forages ensiled in 1982: interseeded soybeans and pearlmillet, and wheat. Temperatures of fermentation were collected, and chemical composition during the first 25 days of fermentation analyzed.

Production data were also …

Long Term Effects Of Direct Drilling And Conventional Cultivation On The Distribution Of Nutrients And Organic C In Soils Of South Western Australia, P F. White, R K. Belford, A D. Robson, N D. Delroy, R J. Jarvis

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

This experiment was part of a long term tillage trial designed to examine the effect of various tillage systems on the yield of wheat on a range of agricultural soils in Western Australia. A subset of results from the main experiment is presented here.This report describes the distribution of extractable P, extractable K, total N, organic C, and pH at 6 depths in the soil from 6 locations; Wongan Hills, Merredin (H) (calcic, red-brown earth), Avondale, Merredin (L) (acid, yellow earth), Esperance and Mt Barker. Three tillage systems (conventional cultivation, direct drilled with a combine, direct drilled with a triple …

Isolation & Characterization Of A Type I Topoisomerase From The Hypocotyls Of Etiolated Soybeans, Rick Dye

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Topoisomerases are enzymes of critical biological significance. Despite this fact, little data specific to the topoisomerases of higher plants has been published. This research was undertaken to isolate and characterize a higher plant topoisomerase from soybean hypocotyls to further the understanding of the structure and function of these enzymes.

Nuclei were isolated from frozen hypocotyls of 4 day old etiolated soybeans by homogenization and centrifugation, then lysed by gentle stirring in the presence of 1.5 mM ammonium sulfate. The resultant extract was desalted and purified by column chromatography on DEAF sepharose, 5-200 sephacryl and CM cellulose. The components of the …

Effect Of Phosphorus Placement Methods On The Yield & Quality Of Tomatoes, Timothy Hambrick

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research was undertaken in the summer and fall of 1988 to determine the effect of phosphorus placed below, below and to the side, banded and incorporated, and broadcast on the yield and quality of tomatoes.

The results of the field study were not statistically significant due to high levels of available soil phosphorus. However, there were trends toward higher total yields, higher yield of number one grade tomatoes, and higher tissue phosphorus levels when phosphorus was placed in a concentrated zone or band as contrasted with the more popular broadcast method.

The effect of phosphorus placement in the greenhouse was …

The Effects Of Spacings & Cultivars On Biological Yields, Yields, Component Of Yield & Harvest Index Of Green Bush Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Widodo

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effects of cultivars and plant spacings on biological yield, seed yield, seeds per pod, average seed weight, and harvest index of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied in 1987 and 1988. Two cultivars, 'Blue Lake 27' and 'Kentucky Wonder 125' and four plant spacings -- 7, 14, 21, and 28 cm, constituted eight treatments that were arranged in a split-plot with four replications. Each experimental unit or hill consisted of five plants -- four in the corners and one in the center of a square. Spacings treatment were established by varying the distance between the center plant …

Bulletin No 4146 - Commercial Production Of Pawpaws In Western Australia, J. R. Burt, B. L. Toohill

Bulletins 4000 -

The papaw (Carica papaya L.) is a native plant of Central America. It produces its highest yields of good quality fruit in tropical regions.

The tree is short-lived and rarely produces crops for more than two or three years. It is quick growing and soon reaches a maximum height of 5 to 7 m. It is usually unbranched, but may branch after either injury to the top or cutting back.

Evalution Of Grain Legumes For Wheatbelt Rotations In Western Australia 1986 -1987, G H. Walton

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

Conclusions about the geographic and climatic limitations to the economic production of some pulse species in Western Australia cannot be too definite after only two years of gathering data. The yield results confirm the superior adaptation of field pea and narrow-leaf lupin over the faba bean, chickpea, narbonne bean and lentil. In 1987, a relationship was found within specific crop cultivars / accessions, between seed yield and the spring (September + October) rainfall. It is expected that soil type will influence the yield response through variations in moisture retention capacity, fertility and root penetration. Any relationship between yield and environmental …

Some Effects Of Shifting To Conservation Tillage Systems For Intensive Production Of Corn And Soybean, Kenneth L. Wells, H. C. Vaught, David Heisterburg

Agronomy Notes

About three-fourths of Kentucky's cropland base occurs on sloping land with some degree of erosion hazard. During the past decade, production of soybeans and corn increased rapidly in Kentucky, particularly on sloping land. This resulted in severe erosion on many farms, particularly in the "intensive grain producing counties. Much of this field erosion could be greatly reduced by developing a system for each field that would incorporate use of such agronomic practices as sod waterways, no-till planting, contour plowing, minimum tillage, strip cropping, double-cropping, winter cover crops, crop residue management and rotations. It is believed that the current acreage of …

The Development Of An Efficient Lupin Harvesting Front, E D. Blanchard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Harvest losses represent a significant reduction in lupin production and farm productivity.

Since 1984, the Department's Farm Machinery Research and Liaison Unit at the Dryland Research Institute has studied the lupin harvesting operation to improve its mechanical efficiency. An experimental and a prototype harvesting front were built and tested in the field. Guidlines for efficient lupin harvesting were produced, and commercial modifications developed.

Tolerance Of Lupins To Simazine, K E. Oliver

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Tolerance of lupins to triazine herbicides, 89GL21, 89GL24. Application of atrazine post emergence of the soil, 89GL22, 89GL25. Application of atrazine post emergence to the foliage, 89GL23, 89GL26. Trials with mutated lupin population, 89WH72, 89MC32.

Diseases Caused By Nematodes., J M. Stanton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Annual ryegrass toxicity roadside survey, 88PE99.

Location, aim, methods, sampled, results, comments.

Effect of benzimidazoles on ARGT, 88NA75

Location, aim, treatments, methods, results, table one.

Relationships between organisms involved in ARGT, 88KA103.

Location, aim, methods, results, comments, table two.

Sampling patterns for ARGT diagnosis, 88KA102.

Location, aim, methods, results, comments, table four.

Distribution of cereal cyst nematode, 88PE20.

Location, aim, methods, results, comments.

Hatching pattern of cereal cyst nematode, 88NO71, 88GE30.

Location, aim, methods, results, comments.

Sowing date and cereal cyst nematode, 88NO70.

Location, aim, treatments, methods, results, table three, figure one and two.

Herbicide Residues, T Piper

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Pea growth following Sulphonyl urea herbicide, 88SG28, 88SG29. Medic regeneration following Sulphonyl urea herbicide, 88SG30, 88SG31, 88LG68, 88LG69, 88LG70.

The Biology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia, J Dodd

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Effects of height of cutting on the rate of stem regrowth, 89ME116. Response of Gorteria to grazing, 88PE28. Biology of P. globifera in stubble paddocks, 89ME75, 89ME76. Comparative phenology of P. globifera suffruticosa, 89ME77. Establishment and spread of the leaf mining moth, Dialectica scalariella. 89PE8. Intensive monitoring of the leaf mining moth and Patersons curse at Muresk, 89NO65 - 89NO670.

Weed Control In Lupins With Simazine Topping Up, D J. Gilbey, R Klemm, B Roberts

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Weed control in Lupins with simazine “topping up”, 89GE62, 89TS40, 89NO59. Doublegee control in Lupins with Brodal plus simazine, 89GE63, 89TS41, 89NO60. Post emergence doublegee control in lupins, 89NO92, 89MO65. Doublegee control in peas, pre-emergence, 89TS47, 89MO38, 89M38, 89NO63. Doublegee control in peas, post-emergence, 89TS48, 89MO39, 89ME87, 89NO64.

Control Take-All And Gain Other Benefits Of Eliminating Grass From Ley Pastures By Chemical Manipulation, W J. Macleod, Gordon Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Take-all is the most serious root disease of wheat and barley in Western Australia.

The fungus which causes take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) is wide spread throughout the wheatbelt but is most common in the high and medium rainfall regions (400mm to 750mm average annual rainfall, see map).

Elsewhere in the wheatbelt the presence of take-all affected cereal plants and the loss of crop yield may go unnoticed unless the roots of cereal plants are examined in detail.

Melamine/Urea And Oxamide Fertilization Of Kentucky Bluegrass, David J. Wehner, Dennis L. Martin

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

The commercial lawn care industry represents a large market for N sources. A formulated melamine (2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine) plus urea combination (MLU) (45% melamine by weight) and oxamide were evaluated for use by the lawn care industry by comparing turfgrass response from these fertilizers to that from urea, sulfur coated urea (SCU), ureaformaldehyde (Nitroform), and a non-fertilized check. Fertilizers were applied four times per year to field plots of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) growing on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) at a rate of 49 kg N ha^-1 per application. Color ratings and clipping weights …

Breeding Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, John Sylvester Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The release of Gungurru and Yorrel lupins marks the coming of age of the narrow-leafed lupin as a crop plantt. These are the first cultivars of the species th have substantial resistance to Phomopsis stem blight, which will make the stubbles much safer for grazing stock.

This article describes the new lupins, their background, and how they were bred. It also acknowledges the contributions of colleagues who helped in important ways.

Economic Impact Of Growing Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, J M. Warren, Jeremy Allen, Wallace Cowling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The planting of Phomopsis-resistant lupins will increase net farm income. They will also alter the traditional blend of pastures and cropping, depending on grain and wool prices. In mixed farming areas of Western Australia's southern wheatbelt, they will allow more land to be sown to lupins rather than cereals on farms in which the lack of sheep feed over summer severely restricts wool production.

The benefits of Phompsis-resistant lupins arise from a reduction in sheep deaths due to lupinosis, a longer safe grazing period (free from lupinosis) on lupin stubbles, a decrease in the need for supplementary sheep feed over …

Soil-Plant-Sheep Organochlorine Pesticide Research, Tony Albertsen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Soil O/C decay (5812)

Locations: Brookhampton, Carbunup, Dardanup, Denmark, Donnybrook, Goodwood, Jindong, Kirrup, Manjimup, Pemberton, Redmond.

To determine the rate of decay of soil Dieldrin.

2. Soil profile distribution of O/Cs (5812) (88AL21/1)

To determine the distribution of O/cs at 1 cm intervals down the soil profile.

3. Soil decontamination of O/Cs (5812)

To assess practical and economic techniques for decontaminating soil Dieldrin residues.

4. The accumulation and rundown of Dieldrin in wethers. (5841)

To determine the relationship between the levels of Dieldrin contamination in soil, pasture, sheep body and wool fat.

5. Surface drainage trial 86V1/5164

Efficient surface …

Serradella Variety Evaluation., C. K. Revell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89ME83, 89ME84, 88ME88 and 87M62

Serradella variety trial.
Korbelka, Mukinbudin, Woolocutty, South Carrabin annexe.

Trial 88ME89

Serradella/Grass mixtures for acidic sandplain soils.
North Bodallin.

Trial 87M92

Management of Serradella pastures.
South Carrabin annexe.

Trial 87M64

Establishing Serradella under a cereal crop.
South Carrabin annexe.

Medic Variety Evaluation., C. K. Revell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89M57

Medic variety evaluation - rows.
Merredin Research Station (Paddock T5)

Trial 89ME71

Selection of early maturing M. murex.
Nokaning.

Trial 88ME86

Evaluation of Santiago in low rainfall areas.
Mukinbudin.

Trial 87M73

Medic variety evaluation - large plots.
Merredin Research Station.

Trial 86M65

M. polymorpha variety evaluation - large plots.
Merredin Research Station.

Trial 88ME84

Evaluation of burr medics on Morrel soils.
Nokaning.

Trial 88SC30

Selection of early maturing M. murex.
Merredin.

Rotational Experiments., C. K. Revell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 82M47

a. Subterranean clover.

Subterranean clover rotation trial
Merredin Research Station.

Trial 88ME83

b. Santiago burr medic

Rotational systems for burr medic
Merredin.

Trial 89N29

Rotational systems for burr medic.
Newdegate Research Station.

Erosion Potential Of Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, D J. Carter, Paul Findlater

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

During lupin harvesting, up to 20 per cent of the grain remains on the ground. This non-harvested or pilt grain is a valuable feed for sheep during early summer because the pods, leaf and stem generally provide little nutrient in the stubnbles. In addition, the more efficient the weed control, the less valuable are the stubbles.

The disease lupinosis caused by Phomopsis leptostromiformis restricts the amount of grazing from the lupin stubbles, and hence the risk of wind-erosion of stubble paddocks.

However, the introduction of lupin varieties moderately resistant to Phomopsis and with reduced potential to cause lupinosis means that …

Water Erosion On Vegetable Growing Land In South Western Australia, D J. Mcfarlane, N D. Delroy, H V. Gratte, J P. Middlemas, A M E Van Vreeswyk, I Mckissock

Resource management technical reports

The most serious erosion was found to be occurring in the Donnybrook area due to a combination of erosive winter rainfall, steep slopes and erodible soils. The most serious erosion was found to occur when storm runoff entered the vegetable plots from above, providing a transporting medium for the cultivated soil. A predictive model of erosion showed that soil texture, furrow slope, plot length, rainfall erosivity and canopy cover were significant factors affecting soil loss.