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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 16391
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Effect Of Windrow Inversion On Hay Drying And Losses, P Savoie, S Beauregard
Effect Of Windrow Inversion On Hay Drying And Losses, P Savoie, S Beauregard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mowing-conditioning alone is not enough to adequately dry high quality hay windrows in Eastern Canada conditions. Young leafy forages tend to pack down in the windrow and dry very slowly (Savoie et al., 1984). Additional mechanical handling is necessary to fluff or turn the windrow. The hay tedder increases the drying rate by about 40 % on the day it is applied (Pattey et al., 1988). Tedding losses per application are about 0,5 % in grass but can be higher than 4 % in alfalfa (Savoie, 1988). In addition, close to 75 % of the alfalfa losses are composed of …
Haymaking From Tropical Grasses, J L. Costa, J A. Gomide
Haymaking From Tropical Grasses, J L. Costa, J A. Gomide
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Haymaking from pasture growth surplus is an alternative way to provide winter feeding to cattle. Some interest has recently been developed toward making hay from tropical grasses in their vegetative stage. The main hazard with this approach being the occurence of likely rains during field drying. This can be helped by shortening drying time through the use of appropriate harvester (Savoie et al., 1982) as well as selection fo species with higher drying rate (Morris, 1972; Person and Sorenson, 1970).
Hayval : A Microcomputer Program For Evlauting The Winter Feeding Needs Of Beef, Sheep, And Horses, D B. Hannaway, S A. Dahl, P J. Ballerstedt, P E. Shuler, W Rogers, F Shafabakhsh, J Smith, M Lawyer
Hayval : A Microcomputer Program For Evlauting The Winter Feeding Needs Of Beef, Sheep, And Horses, D B. Hannaway, S A. Dahl, P J. Ballerstedt, P E. Shuler, W Rogers, F Shafabakhsh, J Smith, M Lawyer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
HA YV AL is a microcomputer programm which was developed to teach concepts of hay quality and animal nutrition. HA YV AL answers the question, 'Will the hay I have available meet the nutritional needs of the animals I am feeding ?'. It does so by using an interactive teaching technique ; asking questions about the animals and the hay being fed.
Culture Et Utilization Du Sorgho Grain Ensile En Plante Entiere Pour L'Alimentation Des Ruminants En Zones Seches Du Sud De La France, G Didier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Le sorgho grain est cultive dans de nombreux pays du monde pour l'alimentation humaine, l'alimentation animale et l'industrie. Dans le sud de la France, cette culture s'est developpee a partir de 1960 (Cotte, 1966) et !es travaux conduits par l'INRA et l'ITCF concernaient son adaptation a la zone consideree ainsi que !'utilisation du grain par !es monogastriques. A partir de 1972, des essais d'utilisation de la plante entiere par des bovins-viande ont ete entrepris dans le cadre du Centre Experimental d'Elevage du Sud-Ouest (Soual-Tarn) avec des varietes riches en tannins (Bonnefoy et Didier, 1978). Mais c'est en fait des 1981 …
Increasing The Contribution Of Grass Silage For Milk Production, C Thomas, A Reeve
Increasing The Contribution Of Grass Silage For Milk Production, C Thomas, A Reeve
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The conservation of grass as silage rather than hay has become increasingly popular in Northern Europe. The increase in silage making has been associated with the increased intensification of animal production and improvements in our knowledge of the fermentation process. Despite the ability to produce grass silages with consistently high metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents it has been calculated that on UK dairy farms silage barely meets the maintenance requirement of the cow (Phipps, 1986). The objective of the work reported here is to devise methods to increase the contribution of silage in the diet of the …
The Influence Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Fermentation And Digestibility Of Wilted Grass Silage, S Knotek, J Zilakova
The Influence Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Fermentation And Digestibility Of Wilted Grass Silage, S Knotek, J Zilakova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ensiling characteristics of herbage are reduced by increasing nitrogen fertilization (Gordon et al., 1969; Izumi et al., 1982; Knotek and Zilakova, 1981; Knotek and Zilakova, 1986). From practical point of view, the evaluation of devided N fertilization in three cuts system is very important.
Influence Of N Fertilization On The Chemical And Microbial Composition Of Wilted Grass Silage, M Zimkova
Influence Of N Fertilization On The Chemical And Microbial Composition Of Wilted Grass Silage, M Zimkova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In many countries of Europe more and more forage has been made into silage in the past 25 years. Silage-making developed as a technology which enables feed of a more predictable quality to be made from herbage than was possible before. Silage quality depends also on moisture content of harvested grass and it can be manipulated by fertilization and wilting. The advantages and disadvantages of using unwilted and wilted grass for ensiling have been discussed for many years. System of direct cutting of short prewilting and ensiling at 15 to 25 % dry matter (DM) is preferred in rnaritirne and …
An Evaluation Of The Silage Additive < Kofasil Plus > Applied To First Cut Grass Under Northern Ireland Conditions, T A. Stewart, S J. Kennedy
An Evaluation Of The Silage Additive < Kofasil Plus > Applied To First Cut Grass Under Northern Ireland Conditions, T A. Stewart, S J. Kennedy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The silage additive« Kofasil Plus», manufactured by Deutsche Atochem Werke, has been used for many years in various European countries, particularly in West Germany and Norway with favourable results. It was first introduced to Ireland in 1988 following the outcome of the trial reported here, where it is marketed by Co.rbeca Ltd under the trade name« Kofasalt ». « Kofasil Plus » is a white, free flowing, non-caustic powder containing 61 % calcium formate, 25 % sodium nitrite, 14 % hexamethylene tetramine, sodium chloride and trace elements.
Chemical And Nutritive Values Of Three Ensiled Residues (Broad Beans, Peas And Soybean) In Comparison With Yellow Lupin Silage, J Efe Serrano
Chemical And Nutritive Values Of Three Ensiled Residues (Broad Beans, Peas And Soybean) In Comparison With Yellow Lupin Silage, J Efe Serrano
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The agro-industrial residues of legumes in Portugal has increased recently in animal feeding, but with little information about the nutritive values of these diets. The few values from literature (Economides and Hadjidemetriou, 1974; Boza and Guerreiro, 1981 ; Escandon et al., 1983) or in Tables of Food Composition are quite different. In south of Portugal, the yellow lupin is an expanding forage used in sheep diets as hay or silage. The purpose of this work, and others in progress, was to compare the feeding value of silages made from three important residues with the yellow lupin silage.
Ensiling Losses In Fresh Grass Silage, K Rinne
Ensiling Losses In Fresh Grass Silage, K Rinne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grass-based silage is considered both a satisfactory and economical roughage for dairy cattle, especially in Northern Europe. The greatest risks to efficient and economical silage making are ensiling losses. Ensiling losses emerge immediately after cutting. If the grass is ensiled directly after cutting, respiration losses on the field will ne negligible. Instead, respiration losses may occur within the silo during ensiling and also thereafter. These will persist until the silage is compacted enough, or airtight, or on the other hand, until the additive has rendered the conditions for plant enzyme and aerobic microbial activity impossible. Silage produces a considerable quantity …
L'Ensilage En Balles Roundes Sous Film Etirable, F Gaillard
L'Ensilage En Balles Roundes Sous Film Etirable, F Gaillard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'ensilage d'herbe en balles rondes est connu depuis de nombreuses annees (Gaillard, 1981) et a donne lieu a des experimentations CEMAGREF/INRA (Andrieu et al., 1981; Dulphy et al., 1984). Les enrubanneuses relancent l'interet de cet ensilage par !es pertes limitees qu'elles entrainent (Gaillard et Zwaenepoel, 1987). Les enrubanneuses realisent un emballage integral des balles rondes a partir d'un film etirable de 50 cm de large. Devant la multiplication de ces appareils en Europe du nord et leur venue probable en France, ii est apparu necessaire d'evaluer l'interet de cette technique.
The Occurrence Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Forage Crops, Barbara Ruser
The Occurrence Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Forage Crops, Barbara Ruser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lactic acid serves as a conserving agent in silage production. It is produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) developing from the epiphytic flora of the ensiled plant material. Therefore silage quality depends - besides silage management and plant composition - on the natural LAB occurrence on the crop. Up to now only little information is available about the epiphytic LAB population, which seems to grow rarely on plants (Stirling, 1953; Nilson and Nilson, 1956; Mundt, 1970; Weise and Wermke, 1973). Studies of the last ten years have shown that LAB counts vary within a wide range, also indicating high population …
Effect Of Inoculation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, T Masuko, K Awaya
Effect Of Inoculation Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, T Masuko, K Awaya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many commercial preparations containing lactic acid bacteria are used by the farmers as a silage additive. The trials of inoculation for silage have been employed by many researchers since the beginning of this century. However, the definite conclusion of the value of inoculants for silage is not obtained yet. Most of these inoculants are based on mixed cultures of lactic acid bacterium. Beneficial effect of inoculated silage must be discussed in connection with water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content or carbohydrate source addition. The present study was carried out in order to know whether the effect of inoculation of lactic bacteria …
Effect Of Cellulase And Microbial Inoculant On The Quality And Digestibility Of Maize And Mixed Maize-Sorghum Silages, F Baintner, B Kissno, G Kelemen, F Harangozo
Effect Of Cellulase And Microbial Inoculant On The Quality And Digestibility Of Maize And Mixed Maize-Sorghum Silages, F Baintner, B Kissno, G Kelemen, F Harangozo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The digestible energy content of silages is always less than that of the original green fodder. This energy difference can only be balanced in the daily fodder ration of dairy cows by the use of cereal grain supplement. Recently, there is a growing interest in mixed maize/sorghum silage cropping in Hungary and in Northern USA. The emphasized advantages of the system are: enhanced total silage production in drought prone regions and soils, higher protein content, crop diversification and lower seed costs (Scheuring, 1987). A big drawback of the system is undoubtedly that the digestible energy content of the mixture decreases …
Direct And Delayed Sealing Of Round Bales Of Lucerne At Low Degrees Of Wilting, A Ciotti, A Canale, M E. Valente, P G. Peiretti
Direct And Delayed Sealing Of Round Bales Of Lucerne At Low Degrees Of Wilting, A Ciotti, A Canale, M E. Valente, P G. Peiretti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the process of ensiling round bales, delayed sealing leads to a greater degree of aeration, oxidation of sugars, and heating. To check the effects of delayed sealing on the quality of conservation, a trial was set up on bales wrapped either one or 24 hours after harvesting, these times being considered the reasonable limits in practice. Lucerne, at a moderate level of wilting, was used to operate under limiting conditions for successful ensiling.
Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero
Improvement Of Lucerne Silage By Addition Of Inoculants And Different Carbohydrate Sources, M Gonzalez-Raurich, Conchita Carpintero
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Silage fermentation is an uncontrolled process and its outcome is controlled by factors such as random inoculation by natural lactic acid bacteria and also crop composition. Chemical and biological additives such as inoculants allow a degree of control and manipulation of the fermentation process. As substrata for lactic acid production is the main factor limiting the effectiveness ofinoculants, to increase the available sugar by the addition of carbohydrate-rich materials or a sugar source, such as molasses, could solve the problem. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of two commercial inoculants and the level of three fermentable sugars that …
Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert
Computer-Aided Prediction Of The Wilting Period Of Fodder Crops, H Thons, A Rubensam, J Pickert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From the view of the farm economy and environment protection it is necessary in the silage production to make maximum use of all the advantages of wilting before silage additives are applied to support the conservation process. Reaching dry matter (DM) contents of 28 - 35 % and 40 - 45 % is one of the most important factors and the most essential criterion for the management of silage production from grasses and legumes, respectively. In recent years, only 60 % of all silages from grasses and legumes produced in the G.D.R. had the required DM content. The other silages …
Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi
Effects Of Wilting And Formic Acid On The Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value Of Elephant Grass Silage Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) Purple Cultivar, W Lavezzo, Otavia E.N.M Lavezzo, C Rossi, I A. Bonassi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At the beginning of the growth the Elephant grass had a good dry matter production and a good nutritive value and due to this it is often used for ensilage in Brazil. However, when best suited age for ensilage (50-60 days), its water content is high making normally difficult to get suitable silages. Although reasonable silages of Elephant grass have been obtained with no additives (Tosi et al., 1983), the wilting and formic acid utilization during the ensilage have resulted in good quality silages (Silveira et al., 1979) with good nutritive value (Lavezzo et al., 1984). The purpose of this …
The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota
The Effect Of The Crude Fiber The Quality Of The Silage, Marianna V. Kota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
By increasing the yield of the intensively fertilized and repeatedly utilized roughage, we get a product with relatively high protein and low fibre content. It does not meet the cow's demand for optimum crude protein - crude fibre rate, and it also makes good quality silage producing difficult. From the technological point of view, crude fibre plays a most important role in density (Dernedde, 1983). So, as the process of self-oxydation is made shorter, there remains plenty of sugar to provide for natural fermentation, (Murdoch, 1966). In our experiment, we examined what quality silage could be made of pure alfalfa …
Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji
Effect Of Combining Hay Cube On The Digestibility Of Whole Crop Paddy Rice Haylage At The Ripe Stage, L F. Quinitio, K Taji
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study of paddy rice (PR) as feedstuff started at the National Agricultural Experiment Station in 1962. The original subject of the study was the utilization method of green PR by soiling as roughage. Subsequently, many results in the feeding value of PR soiling, hay, silage and grain have been reported by many workers. The structure of PR, as it results from the plants' growth and development, determines the foliage and grain parts, the former is roughage and latter is concentrate. In a series of PR utilization trials as feedstuff, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of …
Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz
Corn Crop Grown With And Without Tropical Legumes For Silage Making, J A. Obeid, M E. Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under Brasilian conditions the beef and milk production rely almost exclusively upon the use of natural or cultivated pastures. However, due to the characteristics of the climate with a warm and rainy season and a cool and dry season, the forage growth rate and animal production presents both high and low peaks, resulting in slaughtering age of 4-5 years and a low average milk production (Pedreira, 1973). Improvement of forage production has been one approach for increasing animal production. However, the above measure brings a higher attention to the feeding of the animals in the dry season. Most often, use …
Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg
Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Wheat For Silage During Development In A Warm Climate, G Ashbell, Z G. Weinberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Wheat for silage in Israel is usually grown as a winter crop in a double-cropping system. In such a system, the wheat is harvested before it reaches maturity and the land is then ready for the summer crop. The periods between the various maturation stages of wheat are relatively short, especially in a warm climate. Ash bell (1984) and Ashbell et al. (1985) found that the greatest changes in nutritive components of the whole wheat plant occurred between the flowering and the milk ripening stages. During that period there is an increase in dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrates …
The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh
The Chemical Composition And Cellulase Digestibility Of Pressed Crops Obtained In The Process Of Green Crop Fractionation, R N. Joshi, V R. Deshmukh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although green crop fractionation (GCF) has been shown to increase the yields of dry matter (DM) and protein per unit area of a small farm per unit time, this process has attracted very little interest in India despite over four decades of research (Joshi, 1983). This is because almost all work on GCF has been carried out with an intention to extract leaf protein (LP) for human consumption and no attempts have been made to utilise the other two products obtained in the process viz., the pressed crop (PC) and the whey which carry with them over 85 % of …
Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima
Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the process of extraction of the leaf protein from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), large amount of brown juice (BJ) is produced. Since it is rich in sugars and minerals, the effective utilization of BJ will have a great effect on the economics of the process. Direct field application of alfalfa BJ to some of the plants caused plant damage and reduction in the yields (Reddy et al., 1987). The aim of present investigation is to evaluate BJ fertilization effect in the organic or inorganic forms on corn (Zea mays L.) plant.
Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan
Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rice is the most important food crop of nearly half of the world's population and is predominantly an Asian crop. India is the largest rice growing country with an area of 43 million hectares under rice cultivation which is 29% of the world's total. The production of rice in India has increased almost three fold in the last three decades due to the high yielding varieties and improved production technology. Straw left by the world's three foremost food crops viz rice, wheat and maize are the largest available renewable crop residue. This paper discusses about the current utilisation pattern, and …
La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin
La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Notre objectif est de determiner Jes conditions climatiques necessaires au sechage des differents types de vegetation des prairies permanentes fauchees des Alpes du Nord frarn;aises, en fonction des pratiques de fenaison.
Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic
Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Vojvodina province there is a certain acreage under hydromorphic, alkaline hydromorphic and alkaline soils which are not suitable for cultivation and growing of row crops. The acreage is roughly about 320000 ha. These soils may be cultivated only a short interval because of their unfavorable physical and aerial-hydrological properties and mechanical texture. If we add that the suitable machinery and implements are expensive, it becomes clear why farmers are unwilling to make use of that land (Zivkovic et al., 1972). The results of several research projects dealing with that problem indicated the establishment of cultivated grasslands as an optimum …
Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate
Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Rendille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …
La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger
La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les techniques d'amelioration de la production fourragere par l'introduction de nouvelles especes, !'irrigation et !es fertilisations ne sont pas toujours aises et/ou economique a mettre en a:uvre en zone mediterraneenne, en particulier sur parcours a sols caillouteux ou a acces difficile. Une voie interessante consiste a rechercher une fa9on simple de stimuler !es legumineuses presentes dans la flore locale des parcours, afin d'initialiser une dynamique de la vegetation, d'augmenter la contribution specifique des legumineuses fixant a leur tour l'azote utilisable par !es graminees et autres especes pastorales. L'equilibre legumineuses-autres plantes pastorales serait entretenu ensuite par la gestion du parcours (rotation, …
Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai
Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In India, out of the total reporting area of 304.21 m ha, forest covers 67.32 m ha (22.13 per cent) while permanent pastures, miscellaneous tree crops and groves, cultivable wastelands and fallow lands altogether cover 53.78 m ha (17.68 per cent). These are the potential areas available for grazing in one or other form. Only 4 per cent of the area of the cultivated land is under fodder crops which is far less compared to large livestock population (more than 400 million). In last ten years, the increase in cattle population had been about 7 per cent, buffalo and sheep …