Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Nutritional Quality Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In West Central Spain, B Garcia-Criado, A Garcia-Ciudad, M Rico-Rodriguez, L Garcia-Criado

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritional quality of 61 subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars was studied, during 1982, in the province of Salamanca (semiarid zone of west central Spain). Plant samples were collected at the late-bloom stage and were analyzed for protein, carbohydrates and digestibility. The levels of all these constituents fluctuated within acceptable ranges. Higher relative variability was observed in respect of hemicellulose, protein and lignin, while the digestibility values presented lower relative variability. The latter ranged from 71.1 to 76.1 % with a mean of 73.3%, while protein values ranged from 11.1 to 19.4% with a mean of 14.0%. Chemical …

Influence Of Diverse Harvest Schedules On Evaluation Of Birdsfoot Trefoil Cultivar Compared To Alfalfa, C C. Sheaffer, G C. Marten

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus; BFf) cultivars, including the recently released 'Noreen', have not been adequately evaluated for their response to a diversity of harvest managements. Our objective was to determine the effect of three harvest schedules on forage yield, forage quality, and stand persistence of BFf cultivars and an adapted cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). 'Empire', 'Viking', 'Maitland', 'Carroll', 'Leo', and Noreen BFf and 'Ramsey' alfalfa were established in monocultures and in binary timothy mixtures (Phleum pratense). Stockpile (two harvests), recommended hay (three harvests), and simulated pasture (four harvests) schedules were applied for 3 years. Noreen …

Evaluation Of Miyakogusa (Lotus Corniculatus L. Var. Japonicus Regel): Population Distributed In Japan, S Saiga, K Suginobu, Shinji Suzuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Twenty-one Miyakogusa populations collected from all over Japan were evaluated with 3 birdsfoot trefoil cul ti vars at four different locations between 1982 and 1984. Generally, Miyakogusa showed poor spring vigor, more prostrate type, lower plant height, fewer stems, earlier flowering, less winter hardiness and poor fall vigor. These populations were classified into 5 groups using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis. As the results of PCA plant type, maturity and winter hardiness are mainly extracted for the first, second and third principal component, respectively. Populations belonging to group V and IV, having high scores of the first component …

Identifying Winter Hardy Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) For Northwestern Canada, J S. Mckenzie, G E. Mclean

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Winter kill is one of the most serious problems affecting alfalfa production in northwestern Canada. A rapid and accurate means of assessing winter hardiness is invaluable in developing new cultivars for this region. This program was designed to define some plant and environmental factors responsible for winter injury and to develop tests to identify plants with high yield potential and resistance to severe winter stress in northwestern Canada. The program has determined that the cold hardiness of alfalfa can change from year to year depending upon the plant and/or environmental conditions during the growing season. Three factors have been identified …

Fringed Sagebrush, Ming Chang Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fringed sagebruch (Artemisia frigida will) is one of the common plants in inner mongolia plateau. It was recognized as an excellent perennial herbaceous plants accunting for a large proportion in wild vegetation. Fringed sagebruch belongs to composites, Semi-frutex, tomentellate in whole plant, tap root may be 100 cm deep in the soil. Fringed sagebrush distributed to the north of the Yellow River in China, Fareast and Caucasus in USSR, Mongolia and Canada. Fringed sagebruch is an excellent forage for horses, cattle, sheep, goats and Camels. The animals will get gain if fringed sagebruch is fed.

Morphological Variation In Prairie Grass, M J. Hill, A C. Kirby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Yahl) is a little used pasture species in Australia. However, the availability of Grasslands Matua from New Zealand has prompted renewed interest in the plant. Low tillering capacity is a major limitation on good performance of prairie grass in pastures (Hill and Pearson 1985). A comparison of the morphology of Australian commercial lines with a world collection was carried out to define the available variation in agronomically important morphological characters, and Matua was compared with an Australian line at two cutting frequencies and two temperatures during spring and summer. Two morphological groups were distinguished by …

The Performance Of Grass And Legume Species Under Irrigation In Southern Italy, A Corleto, L Magini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Performance data over a 3 year period are presented for several varieties belonging to grass and legume species were compared in 2 separate randomized block design under cutting in an irrigated flat area of Southern Italy (Segezia, Apulia, altitude 74 m). Among grass highest D .M. Y. was produced by varieties belonging to Phalaris tuberosa, Festuca arundinacea, Brom us catharticus, Dactylis glomerata and one variety (Asso) of Loli um multiflorum. Among legume, varieties of Medicago sativa furnished highest D.M.Y. that outyielded best grasses. The earliest growth has been exhibited by Lolium multiflorum (cv. Asso), Festuca arundinacea (cv. Maris Jebel), Phalaris …

Assessment Of Agronomic Performance Of Large Numbers Of Plant Accessions Using A Computerized Data Management System, D A. Ivory, A Ella, J Nulik, R Salam, M E. Siregar, S Yuhaeni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A major research effort has been directed to finding suitable forage species for animal production in various regions of Indonesia. The two difficulties common to most preliminary evaluation studies of large numbers of diverse groups of forage plants is in deciding firstly what plant attributes should be assessed and secondly, the methods to be used in the management and analysis of large masses of data. A set of minimum plant attributes has been used for both grasses, herbaceous legumes and tree legumes in experiments at a number of key testing sites in Indonesia. A computerized system of data management from …

Forage Attributes Of The Perennial Groundnut Arachis Pintoi In A Tropical Savanna Environment In Colombia, B Grof

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the continuing search for superior germplasm of tropical legumes adapted to Oxisol savanna conditions, a study of the perennial wild species of groundnut (peanut), Arachis pintoi, was initiated at Carimagua Research Station on the eastern plains (Llanos Orientales) of Colombia. A pintoiis an agronomically little-known legume pasture species indigenous to South America. Its performance in grazed association with four different Brachiaria spp. was evaluated in terms of dry matter yield and animal weight gain. A. pintoi was successful under conditions of heavy grazing (2.4 animal units/ha) employed on a year-round basis. Total grass and legume dry matter (DM) yields …

The Effect Of Previous Experience Of Animals On Subsequent Preference In A Palatability Grazing Trial, C Lascano, P Hoyos, R Schultze-Kraft, M C. Amexquita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous experience of test animals has been mentioned as a factor which may affect grazing preference of cattle. Palatability trials have usually been conducted without allowing animals to previously graze individual forage species under evaluation. A cafeteria trial was designed to study the effect of previous grazing of individual species in the palatability ranking of six tropical legumes. Results indicated that short-term previous experience of the test animals affected the magnitude of the palatability index of the most palatable legume on the first days of the trial, but did not affect the overall palatability ranking of species. Therefore, it would …

Effects Of Frequency And Height Of Defoliation On Forage Yield And Crude Protein Content Of Flemingia Macrophylla (Flemingia), E O. Asare

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Defoliation studies were conducted over a period of 3 years on the same stands to determine the effects of 3 heights 5, 20 and 35cm and 3 intervals, 8, 12 and 14 weeks of cutting on leaf dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of Flemingia macrophylla (Flemingia) a potential fodder shrub. Both height and interval of cutting had significant effect on leaf DM yield. There was significant interaction between frequency and height of cutting. Leaf DM yield decreased with lowering of cutting height and increased through increasing interval between cuts. The 14-week cutting interval and 35cm cutting height treatment …

Growth Of Tropical Grasses Under Different Temperatures: Pearl Millet X Napiergrass Interspecific Hybrids, T Kipnis, I Granot, A Dovrat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irrigated perennial grasses of tropical origin are important fodder crops in Israel (32°N). However, in contrast to the tropics, hot bright summers alterate with cool winters in Mediterranean regions, and, during the growing season, the diurnal temperature variation is about 13°C. A study to investigate the growth of tropical pearl millet x napiergrass interspecific hybrids in a Mediterranean environment was undertaken. The response to temperature was studied in a phytotron under conditions of high solar radiation. The plants were grown under various temperature combinations ranging from 17/12 to 32/27°C (day/night), and from a constant temperature regime up to a diurnal …

Aeschynomeme - A Legume Genus With Potential For The Australian Tropics, H G. Bishop, B Walker, D H. Ludke, M T. Rutherford

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aeschynomene spp. have been identified as a promising group of legumes adapted to seasonally waterlogged soils on the central Queensland wet coast. Near Mackay (1470 mm M.A.R.) the legume component of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro/Setaria sphacelala var. sericea cv. Kazungula pastures on adequately fertilized solodic soils, did not persist under heavy grazing (2.5 and 2.0 steers/ha), whereas the native legume Aeschynomene indica persisted and gave yields up to 1401 kg/ha. At light stocking rates siratro persisted, whereas frequency and yields of A indica were negligible. After an introduction and evaluation programme, A. americana CPI 58491 was released in 1983 …

Evaluating Aeschynomene Americana L. Germplasm For Response To Meloidogyne Spp., K H. Quesenberry, S R. Hardy, R A. Dunn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A Florida ecotype of Aeschynomene americana L. has been identified as a desirable forage legume. A program of genetic improvent has been initiated to develop an improved cultivar in terms of various agronomic traits. As a component of this program 73 lines were evaluated for their response to three common root knot nematode species in greenhouse and field experiments. Plants in the first greenhouse experiment were grown individually in 50 cm3 plastic tubes, infested with 9 eggs per cm3 soil of Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, M. incognita race 3, and M. javanica after 3 weeks growth. Eight weeks later they …

Diversity In Macroptilium Atropurpureum (Dc.) Urb., A E. Kretschmer Jr, R M. Sonoda, R C. Bullock, G H. Snyder, T C. Wilson, R Reid, J B. Brolman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A replicated experiment was used to determine the diversity of 77 accessions of Mexican Macroptilium atropurpurem compared with cv. 'Siratro'. Siratro yielded less than the mean of the 5 highest yielding entries in 3 of 6 harvests; it flowered earlier and more consistently between harvests than many other entries. Siratro rust incidence was relatively very high while mildew and Rhizoctonia incidence was relatively very low when compared to Siratro. Mite damage was also relatively low for Siratro. There was great diversity among the populations studied with regards to the attributes studied. Several accessions had more desireable attributes than Siratro. More …

Centrosem Macrocarpum Benth., A Promising Tropical Forage Legume For Acid Soils, R Schultze-Kraft, G Keller-Grein, J Belalcazar, G Benavides

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A hitherto agronomically little-known Centrosema species is described in terms of its morphology, natural distribution, and potential as a forage plant. C. macrocarpum is closely related to C. pubescens, the principal morphological difference being the considerably larger size of C. macrocarpum plant organs. Its natural distribution covers a wide range of latitudes and climatic and edaphic conditions in tropical America. Ecotypes from collection sites north of the equator have proven to be well adapted to acid soils. In a small-plot cutting trial conducted in Colombia on an acid Ultisol (pH 4.1, 89% aluminium saturation), C. macrocarpum ecotypes considerably outyielded …

Preliminary Observations With Accessions Of Stylosanthes Guianensis Ssp. Guianensis Var. Pauciflora In Brazil, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade, J Lenne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forty-two accessions of the morphologically distinct Stylosanthes guiansis ssp. guianensis var. pauciflora collected in Brazil and Venezuela were evaluated for their adaptation to environment in the tropical savanna region of central Brazil. The study was conducted on an Oxisol at the Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados (CPAC), 35 km from Brasilia at latitude 15° 36' S. Results showed that was marked variation in plant yield and, as a group, Brazilian accessions produced more dry matter than Venezuelan accessions. Anthracnose resistance and digestible dry matter content were also markedly higher in the accessions from Brazil. No significant differences in …

The Persistence Of Stylosanthes In Florida, A Review, John B. Brolmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The importance of introducing tropical legumes to improve pastures in South Florida is well recognized. Little is known about the persistence of these legumes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival of several Stylosanthes species in pure stands or grass mixtures. Stands of Stylosanthes were evaluated for spread, vigor and persistence. S. guianensis and S. scabra, established in 1971 survived the longest. These stands regenerated each year from seeds. Sterile off-types of S. guianensis showed greater survival ability than most introduced species and acted as Management practices and favorable environmental conditions appear to be of prime importance …

Problems Experienced With Forage Legumes In A Tropical Savanna Environment In Brazil, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade, B Grof

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since 1978 some 1700 legumes from 17 genera and 50 species have been evaluated on soils at the Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados (CPAC) at latitude 15° 36' S in the tropical savanna region of Brazil. In characterizing the germplasm a number of problems have become evident. Plant dise4ses are primary limiting factors. Species of Stylosanthes are attacked by anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) whilst other diseases affecting species of Centrosema, Desmodium and Zornia are described. Accessions collected in the acid soils with a high aluminium saturation are well adapted to these conditions. However, species such as Leucaena Jeucocephala from …

Summer Forage Legume Introduction In Louisiana, A M. Thro, C C. Shock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate in Louisiana is influenced by tropical air masses in summer and alternately by tropical and continental air masses in winter. From northwest to southeast, the number of frost-free growing days increases from 230 to 350. Rainfall increase from 1200 mm to 1500 mm and is evenly distributed winter through summer with a generally drier fall. Livestock production is an important economic activity throughout the state. Animal performance declines from July through November in spite of adequate availability of perennial grass forage. A summer-growing forage legume is sought that will persist in perennial grass pastures and provide a more easily …

Bio-Agronomic Evaluation Of Lolium Multiflorum Populations Collected In Irrigated Plains Of Northern Italy, P Rotili, G Gnocchi, C Scotti, A Sererna

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the irrigated plains of Lombardy the continuous elimination of the permanent meadows and their replacement with the maize imposes the collection and conservation of Lolium multiflorum. Twenty seven populations, collected in the Milano-Lodi-Cremaarea, were evaluated in greenhouse, in concrete boxes 150 cm long, 40 cm high and 25 cm wide. Distance between the plants on the rows cm 2.5 (density 350 plants/m2). Dry forage yield, earliness and mortality were studied. Concerning dry forage yield there is not difference between the collected populations. On the contrary, a significant difference was observed between the whole set of collected populations and the …

Seasonal Growth Of Mediterranean Tall Fescue Populations, Y Ueyama, S Sato, K Nakajima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Thirteen Mediterranean populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) including four cultivars originated from the same region with three check cultivars were evaluated for several characters relating to seasonal productivity. Mediterranean populations were depressed under hot and humid summer conditions, and were not restored until December. However, these entries showed good growth and little leaf burning in winter and early spring. Three hundred and fifty two individuals were screened with scores of vigor. Data of the individuals were subjected to principal component analysis. The first and second components were closely correlated to the variables relating to growth in summer and …

A Study Of Phenology, Herbage Yield And Crude Protein Content Of Native Ecotypes Of Red Bromegrasses (Bromus Tomentellus Boiss.) Of Iran, B Peymani-Fard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was conducted on ten ecotypes of red bromegrasses of Iran at Homand Range Experiment Station, near Damavand, Iran to asses: (a) the differences in phenological characteristics, (b) to evaluate differences in herbage yield, and (c) determine the crude protein percentage Parameters measured include duration of vegetative, heading, maturity stages, herbage yields, and crude protein. Variation in vegetative growth, heading and seed maturity stages among the ecotypes under study was very small

Therefore, there are no prefences in selection of a specific ecotype from the standpoint of utilization and harvesting time. There was a great fluctuation in annual herbage …

Scope For Breeding Miscanthus Sinensis Anderss. As Forage Crop, S Hoshino

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss., an indigenous summer growing tussock grass species, has been utilized traditionally in Japan for many centuries as bulk herbage to feed livestock, material for thatching roof and snowshed etc, but this species does not survive well under frequent cutting. Experiments were conducted to select more vigorous strains among fifty clones collected from various meadows throughout Niigata Prefecture in 1967. Several clones were detected for better regrowth performance and their dry matter productions were compared for four years under three cuttings a year with fertilizer application scheme. Dry matter productions of the selected clones were comparable to those …

Performance Of Nine Mid-East Alfalfa Ecotypes And Seventeen Introduced Cultivars In Saudi Arabia, V L. Marble, A C. Wilton, A A. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A program designed to determine the productivity of nine middle eastern (ME) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ecotypes and 17 alfalfa cultivars from California, Australia, and New Zealand, is described. Selected harvests, representing performance characteristics during different seasons of the year, and the 13 cuts taken between March 31, 1983 and February 15, 1984 indicate that all but one of the ME entries were higher yielding (P = < .05) than all but one western alfalfa. By the 17th harvest taken May 28, 1984, three ecotypes from Egypt were superior (P = < .05) to all other entries including those commonly used in Saudi Arabia. In orthogonal comparisons, the mean of 17 western alfalfas was inferior to the mean of nine mideast ecotypes by the third and all subsequent cuts through the 17th. Two Saudi Arabian check entries, Hasawi I and Hasawi II, were similar yielding throughout the 17 harvests, but were significantly inferior to the other seven ME ecotypes in orthogonal comparisons between the two groups. The annual productivity potential of superior entries exceeded 38 metric tons per hectare (T/ha) of dry matter. Seasonal distribution of yield varied among entries with most ME entries significantly superior to most western entries in all four seasons. Middle eastern ecotypes had greater (P = < .05) height at cutting than western alfalfas. As a group they flowered earlier, and showed lower incidence of enation virus. Based on 17 harvests over an 18-month period, middle eastern ecotypes were better adapted to growing conditions in central Saudi Arabia than introduced western cultivars.

Mediterranean-Germplasm Trefoils In The Southeastern Usa Piedmont, C S. Hoveland, S L. Fales

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experimental birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) cultivars, selected from Mediterranean germplasm, were compared with northern trefoils in monoculture and in association with grasses to determine productivity and persistence in north Georgia where northern trefoils have not been successful. Productivity and forage quality of one trefoil was studied under four frequencies of defoliation. Mediterranean trefoils had higher total and earlier spring production, better stand persistence, and seedling vigor than a northern cultivar. The yield advantage of Mediterranean trefoils occurred in monoculture and when grown in association with tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). Maximum yields …

Annual Legumes For Integrating Rainfed Crop And Livestock Production, A E. Osman, N Nersoyan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A program aimed at integrating rainfed crop and livestock production in West Asia and North Africa is described, where the objective is to introduce pasture and forage legumes in place of existing fallows. Research has identified that suitable species of Medicago, Pisum and Vicia are well adapted to the climatic conditions of North Syria. This article describes studies evaluating mixtures of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and forage peas (Pisum sativum) with barley, triticale and oats for hay production. Mixtures including the two legumes were also evaluated for early grazing by sheep followed by hay making in …

Fall Panicum (Panicum Dichotomiflorum Michx.) In Japan, K Ohta, M Ochi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), which is a naturalized plants, is tolerant to high soil moisture and is highly productive. For the purpose of using it as a forage suitable to high soil moisture conditions, such as paddy fields, fall panicum strains were collected from various districts in Japan. The present experiment was undertaken to clarify the characteristics and the distribution of fall panicum. In order to define the groupings by compound characteristics, multivariate analysis (principal component and cluster analysis) was performed. It was concluded that fall panicum strains could be classified into five groups and their distribution could …

Selection For Seed Production And Dry Season Forage Yield In Panicum Maimum Germplasm, L Jank, Y H. Savidan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Panicum maximum cv. 'Coloniiio' is the most popular tropical forage grass in terms of cattle finishing in Brazil. It is, however, slowly being substituted by other species, because of its high demands for nutrients and poor dry season growth. The National Beef Cattle Research Center of EMBRAPA at Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, has underway a P. maximum breeding program, with the objectives of selecting cultivars which while maintaining the good qualities of the 'Coloniiio', are more drought-resistant and adapted either to the traditional fertile soils of 'Coloniiio', or to weak cerrado (savanna) soils. Preliminary results on seed production …

Preliminary Evaluation Of Panicum Maximum Germplasm In Brazil: An International Agronomy Research Program, Y H. Savidan, L Jank, F.H.D De Souza, A Boock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Following former recommendations to leave traditional schemes of simultaneous evaluation of several species, and extensive program has been initiated as a result of an international agreement between French and Brazilian research organizations, to evaluate one single tropical forage grass species with wide genetic diversity. A field experiment was designed for preliminary evaluation of 400 accessions of Panicum maximum at two levels of soil fertility. Emphasis is placed on a fixed-interval cutting regime, seed production, and detailed morphological characterization of promising accessions. A list of the morphological descriptors is presented. Selected accessions will enter further phases of evaluation under grazing and …