Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Factors Influencing The Spatial Distribution Of Southern Rust In Corn, Justin Bailey

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Southern rust caused by the fungus Puccinia polysora (Underwood) is the most economically important foliar disease in corn (Zea mays) (Linnaeus) (Cyperales: Poaceae)) for Arkansas. The objective of this work was to determine distribution of southern rust in corn and to determine factors that may control its distribution.

During the 2017 and 2018 season, seven corn fields in Arkansas were rated for southern rust. After disease confirmation, fields were marked with GPS sample point locations in a grid pattern across the entire field. Ratings for disease severity were taken below, at, and above the ear leaf at each point every …

Analysis Of Permaculture’S Water Conservation And Crop Supporting Abilities, Hannah Chaney

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

In the Middle East, virtually all agriculturally viable land is under high threat of desertification due to poor land and resource management and climate change. Mulching using straw flakes (straw mulch permaculture) is a method commonly used in successful dry land permaculture projects in the Middle East. We proposed that straw mulch permaculture would increase the amount of soil moisture during dry periods and that this method would not impact the growth and survival of the crop. In order to test this hypothesis, we took soil samples from plots with and without straw mulch permaculture in Bowling Green, KY and …

Environmental Adaptation Of Leucaena In Western Australia – Challenges And Opportunities, Clinton K. Revell Dr, Geoff A. Moore Mr, Daniel Real, Sam Crouch

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

There is considerable interest from Western Australian (WA) pastoralists on the potential role of leucaena(Leucaena leucocephala) in northern WA, where the potential area for dryland production of species of the genus Leucaenais high. Although it is highly regarded for animal production in other countries and in Queensland, leucaena is a contentious species since its status as an environmental weed currently precludes it from use on pastoral leases in the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of WA. Development of sterile/seedless forms would overcome risks of spread of the species as a weed. The key environmental constraints to growth of leucaena are likely …

Evaluation Of Drought Tolerance In Arkansas Cowpea Lines At Seedling Stage, Qirui Cui

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.] is not only a healthy, nutritious and versatile leguminous crop, it also has a relatively high adaptation to drought. Researches have shown that cowpea lines have a high tolerance to drought, and many of them can survive over 40 days under very hot and dry conditions. The cowpea (Southern pea) breeding program at the University of Arkansas (UA) has been active for over 50 years and has produced more than 1,000 advanced breeding lines. And the purpose of this study is to evaluate the drought-tolerant ability in Arkansas cowpea lines and use the drought tolerant …

Determination Of Optimum Harvest Date For Winter Malting Quality Barley In Northwest Arkansas, Paul Wolf

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Due to the strict quality requirements, only 10 percent of worldwide barley is used for malting, though malting quality barley comes with a price increase of up to 50 percent or higher. With the craft brewery industry growing in Northwest Arkansas there is a growing demand for locally sourced malt quality barley. However, data is lacking regarding production practices for barley in Arkansas. The optimum harvest date for malting quality barley is at physiological maturity. This is because many of the malting traits (such as germination energy) decline as harvest is delayed, which will make it difficult to meet the …

Use Of Annual Forage Mixtures In Crop/Livestock Production Systems In Nebraska, Nathan Paul Pflueger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Success of integrating annual forages into crop and livestock systems throughout Nebraska may be variable depending on field location, field/forage crop management, and precipitation. There are many different warm- and cool-season annual forage species available for integrating crop and livestock systems at different times of the year. Mixtures of cereal species, such as oats (Avena sativa)) and spring peas (Pisum sativum)), are often used to optimize forage quantity and forage quality. Our two-year, three location study across Nebraska’s precipitation gradient suggested that forage quantity and quality may vary by location due to different precipitation amounts received …

Effect Of Soil-Applied Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Herbicides On Soybean Seedling Disease, Nicholas J. Arneson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Seedling disease is one the most economically important diseases of soybean in the United States. It is commonly caused by Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., and Phytophthora sojae, alone, or together as a disease complex. Fungicide seed treatments continue to provide the most consistent management of seedling diseases. Soil-applied protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides are used preemergence in soybean production to manage several broadleaf weeds. Applications of PPO-inhibitors can result in phytotoxic injury to soybean when environmental conditions are not favorable for soybean growth. These environmental conditions can favor seedling disease development as well. In this thesis, two …

Reporting Charcoal Rot In Chia And Developing A Susceptibility Assay, Reis M. Misaka, Hagop S. Atamian Dr., Julien Besnard Dr.

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Chia (Salvia Hispanica) cross breeds were planted in the summer of 2018 with the intent of selective breeding for agricultural benefit. Preexisting pathogens in the soil caused 40-50% fatality of adult plants. This was surprising due to the precursory knowledge that chia has antibiotic and antifungal oils (Elshafie et. al. 2018); chia was only recently documented to be susceptible to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum). The primary pathogen responsible was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (aka charcoal rot); a widespread soilborne pathogen which has multiple commercial hosts (Su et. al. 2001).

M. phaesolina on wheat seed vector where used as …

Integrated Management Of Phytophthora Stem And Root Rot Of Soybean And The Effect Of Soil-Applied Herbicides On Seedling Disease Incidence, Vinicius Castelli Garnica

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Soybean seedling diseases and Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSRR; caused by Phytophthora sojae) are two of the most economically important diseases in North Central U.S. Remarkable differences in disease incidence occur each year, which demonstrate that abiotic and biotic factors must interact for disease onset and development. During 2017 and 2018, field studies were conducted to (i) address the efficacy of seed treatment and genetic resistance for PSRR management on soybean population, canopy coverage (CC), and yield, and (ii) investigate potential interactions between pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides and the incidence of seedling diseases in alluvial soils in Nebraska.

Despite …

Dna Barcoding Of Pratylenchus From Agroecosystems In The Northern Great Plains Of North America, Mehmet Ozbayrak

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Pratylenchus species are among the most common plant parasitic nematodes in the Great Plains Region. The objectives of this study were to barcode Pratylenchus specimens for species identification in the Great Plains region using mitochondrial CO1 DNA barcode. In order to (1) determine species boundaries, (2) assess the host associations of barcoded Pratylenchus, (3) to determine the distribution patterns across the Great Plains Region and, (4) to evaluate the species status of P. scribneri and P. hexincisus by a multivariate morphological analysis of haplotype groups identified by DNA barcoding. Soil samples, primarily associated with eight major crops, were collected …

Establishment Of Perennial Legumes With An Annual Warm-Season Grass As A Companion Crop, Martina N. La Vallie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The yields of perennial forage legumes are often hindered during the establishment year due to slow germination rates and weed competition. This study was conducted to determine if sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanese) is a compatible annual companion crop for increased forage production, weed suppression, and legume establishment. In 2016, sorghum-sudangrass was paired with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ‘Ranger’), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Illinois bundleflower [Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald], purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and roundhead lespedeza (Lespedeza capitata Michx.). We studied effects of a …

Addressing The Challenges Facing Wheat Production: Nebraska And International Breeding Efforts, Sarah Blecha

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L., provides 20 percent of the global daily calorie intake. It is the third most important food crop, after rice and corn. Biotic challenges significantly reduce wheat yield; chemical control can be a solution but can be cost prohibitive for subsistence farmers. For many farmers, genetic resistance to biotic stresses can be the most cost effective solution.

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the Nebraska Small Grains Breeding Program have been addressing these wheat production challenges. ICARDA is part of an international research consortium to increase wheat yield and tolerance …

Science Communication In Agriculture: The Role Of The Trusted Adviser, Lee Galen Briese

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

Agronomy is not simply the selling of agricultural products to farmers, nor is it the process of solving singular production problems. Agronomy is defined as the integrated, holistic perspective of agriculture (ASA, 2019) and “agronomists are specialists in crop and soil sciences, as well as ecology” (ASA, 2019). While scientific investigation and discovery are essential to understanding systems function, the tangible benefits from our knowledge stems from the application to solve problems. Clear communication is vital to successfully help stakeholders understand the importance of the science and help scientists understand the challenges stakeholders face. However, to successfully put science into …

Evaluation Of Crop Tolerance And Weed Control In Corn And Grain Sorghum With Atrazine Replacements, Jacob Thomas Richburg

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Atrazine is a foundational herbicide for weed control in both corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production. However, studies have shown that while atrazine may be an effective herbicide for preemergence and postemergence control of weeds, it also has risks. The low Koc of atrazine as well as its extensive use over the past 50 years have led it to become the most common groundwater contaminant near agricultural soils. Given these findings, atrazine has faced severe scrutiny while under consideration for reregistration. In the event that atrazine is not reregistered, corn and grain sorghum producers …

The Evaluation Of Low-Use-Rate Zinc Fertilization Strategies On Seedling Canopy Coverage, Zn Concentration, Biomass, And Grain Yield, Maxwell David Coffin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Zinc (Zn) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Some new Zn fertilization methods have been advertised, but have limited research supporting their efficacy. This study mainly compared the effect of Zn-seed treatment rate in combination with other low-use-rate Zn-fertilization methods to the standard of 11 kg Zn ha-1 as ZnSO4 on rice early-season canopy cover, tissue-Zn concentration, and grain yield. A secondary objective evaluated an alternative method (to seed treatment with ZnO) of enhancing seed-Zn concentration using post-heading foliar-Zn application on seedling tissue-Zn concentration and grain yield. For the main objective, rice seed was …

Using Cover Crops To Recycle Nutrients In An Arkansas No-Till Corn System, Kelsey Lynn Hoegenauer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cover crops can provide many benefits to cropping systems including erosion control, weed suppression, and increased soil organic matter. Regardless of the intended goal for using cover crops, the changes to the nutrient flux in a cropping system caused by cover crops retaining and recycling nutrients needs to be considered in order to maximize the productivity of the following commodity crops. This research encompassed complementary greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments to evaluate nutrient uptake and release by tillage radish (Raphanus sativus) and cereal rye (Secale cereale) cover crops, as well as the subsequent early-season recovery of recycled nutrients by the …

Assessment Of Control Of Ppo-Resistant Palmer Amaranth And Salvage Options In Herbicide-Resistant Cotton, Wyatt D. Coffman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Palmer amaranth has been the most limiting weed in cotton production in the state of Arkansas for many years. Recently, resistance of Palmer amaranth to the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting site of action has been discovered at various locations across the cotton-producing region of the state. Cotton varieties have been developed with resistance to synthetic auxin (WSSA Group 4) herbicides. However, research to date has shown PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth to be more difficult to control with herbicides that target alternative sites of action. Herbicide efficacy is also known to vary with weed size, varying spray parameters, and environmental conditions. Preliminary research …

Implications Of Rice Cultivar Selection To Optimize Returns From Crop Insurance, David Ethan Branscum

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice production differs from most other field crops by distinct differences in yields across cultivars and rice producers being paid for yield after post-harvest milling. Using eleven years (2003-2013) of Arkansas harvest data from performance trials in six different locations, hybrids have 19% higher paddy yields and head rice yield rate 1.7% lower than conventional cultivars. Given the 2014 Farm Bill’s emphasis on crop insurance as a risk management tool for producers, these variations in yield among cultivars have significant implications for rice producers. Comparing national level, crop insurance data on corn, soybeans and rice indicates rice producers strongly prefer …

Untangling The Economic And Social Impediments To Producer Adoption Of Organic Wheat, Donya L. Ralph-Quarnstrom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Consumer demand for organic products has shown double-digit growth in recent years encouraging the development of a wider range of goods (Greene, 2017). Americans with an annual household income under $30,000 actively purchase organic foods at nearly the same rate as households with over $75,000 in annual incomes, 42% versus 49% (Greene et al., 2017). Previous research observed the adoption of organic farming practices on a combination of different grains, fruits and vegetables, meat, and dairy products from across the globe. However, this is the first study to examine the adoption of organic wheat in the Western U.S. By addressing …

Heat-Shock-Inducible Crispr/Cas9 System Generates Heritable Mutations In Rice, Soumen Nandy, Bhuvan Pathak, Shan Zhao, Vibha Srivastava

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective approach for limiting its activities and improving its precision in genome editing. Here, we describe the heat-shock-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 for controlled genome editing, and demonstrate its efficiency in the model crop, rice. Using the soybean heat-shock protein gene promoter and the rice U3 promoter to express Cas9 and sgRNA, respectively, we developed the heat-shock (HS)-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system, and tested its efficacy in targeted mutagenesis. Two loci were targeted in rice, and the presence of targeted mutations was determined before and after the HS treatment. Only a low rate of targeted mutagenesis was detected before …

Pengaruh Perbedaan Waktu Turun Hujan Terhadap Aplikasi Herbisida Kalium Glifosat Dalam Mengendalikan Gulma Dominan Kelapa Sawit, Denny Kurniadie, Yayan Sumekar, Subhan Nulkarim

Jurnal Kultivasi

Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa sawit salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya kompetisi tanaman dengan gulma. Pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L sudah banyak dilakukan dan dinilai efektif. Hambatan yang terjadi yaitu terkadang turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida yang menyebabkan efikasi kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L akibat pencucian air hujan dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor pada bulan Februari sampai bulan April 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. …

Model Gge Biplot Untuk Visualisasi Interaksi Genotip (G) X Naungan (E) Pada Jagung Toleran Naungan Pada Sistem Agroforestri, Muhammad Syafii, Dedi Ruswandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Jagung adalah serealia penting di Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis dan strategis untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku pangan (food), pakan (feed), dan minyak (fuel). Varietas jagung yang toleran terhadap intensitas naungan merupakan solusi tepat untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung melalui pemanfaatan lahan agroforestri. GGE biplot adalah model untuk visualisasi dan interpretasi data hasil pengujian genotipe pada lingkungan berbeda. Visualisasi aspek genotipe (G) dan lingkungan (E), dan hubungan keduanya (GXE) digambarkan sebagai biplot. Tujuan adalah untuk seleksi genotipe jagung toleran naungan pada sistem agroforestri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-Agustus 2014 di Kebun Percobaan Cimalaka Sumedang menggunakan Split Plot Design diulang 2 kali. Data dianalisis …

Perubahan Karakter Biokimia Dan Fisiologi Tanaman Kacang Hijau Pada Berbagai Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan, Purwanto, Bambang Rudianto Wijonarko, Tarjoko

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respons fisiologi dan biokimia tanaman kacang hijau terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Screen House Exfarm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama yang dicoba adalah tingkat kelengasan tanah, yakni kadar air kapasitas lapang sebagai kontrol, 75% kapasitas lapang, dan 50% kapasitas lapang. Faktor kedua adalah varietas unggul kacang hijau yang terdiri dari Varietas Vima 2, varietas Vima 3, dan Varietas Kutilang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan sampai 50 persen kapasitas …

Mulch Treatment Effect On Weed Biomass And Yields Of Organic Sweetpotato Cultivars, Sochinwechi I Nwosisi, Dilip Nandwani, Dafeng Hui

Biology Faculty Research

Weeds are a challenge, particularly in organic agriculture, due to restrictions on the application of synthetic herbicides and chemicals. A preliminary cultivar evaluation trial of organic sweetpotato was conducted in 2015 at Tennessee State University certified organic farm. Three mulches: wheat straw, pine needle, and black plastic mulch, along with a control (no mulch), were evaluated for their weed management abilities in a sweetpotato field. Four cultivars of sweetpotato were planted in 0.91 m wide mulch beds with 0.3 m row spacing anddrip irrigated with four replications. Data was collected during the growing season on the dry weight of weeds …

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kualitas Bunga Seruni, Libria Widiastuti, Tri Pamujiasih, Srie Juli Rachmawatie

Jurnal Kultivasi

Seruni merupakan tanaman bunga yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir, baik untuk pasar domestik maupun ekspor. Tingginya permintaan bunga potong menuntut pula tingginya kualitas bunga. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pemberian pupuk organik tandan kelapa sawit (TKS) pada media tanam untuk pemenuhan nutrisi dan perbaikan media tanam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari efek interaksi varietas dan macam pupuk organik tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas bunga pada tanaman seruni. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2018 di Setiya Aji Flower Farm Bandungan Semarang Jawa Tengah dengan ketinggian tempat 800 …

Pengaruh Perbedaan Ukuran Polen Pada Penyerbukan Buatan Terhadap Potensi Jumlah Buah Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guinensis Jacq.), Enceng Sobari, Ahmad Akmal Hasibuan, M. Subandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pembentukan buah tanaman kelapa sawit yang menurun berimbas pada produksi tandan buah segar. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh penyerbukan secara alami yang kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan ukuran serbuk sari terhadap potensi jumlah buah dalam satu tandan, persentase keberhasilan pembentukan buah, dan bentuk buah kelapa sawit dengan cara penyerbukan buatan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap, yang terdiri dari 2 perlakuan ukuran serbuk sari dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari ukuran serbuk sari 10 mesh dan 12 mesh. Pengujian lanjut dilakukan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa …

Partisi Bahan Kering Bibit Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) Yang Diberi Asam Humat Dan Pupuk Npk Tablet, Santi Rosniawaty, Rija Sudirja, Mira Ariyanti, Syariful Mubarok, Rachmad Akbar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kopi merupakan salah satu produk perkebunan penghasil devisa negara. Saat ini tanaman kopi menjadi andalan beberapa daerah di Indonesia dengan kekhasannya. Namun demikian produksi kopi masih perlu ditingkatkan karena masih tidak sesuai dengan potensi produksi. Peningkatan produksi kopi dapat diawali dari pembibitan. Pengelolaan bibit yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK tablet dan asam humat, yang nantinya akan mempengaruhi fotosintesis dan fotosintat yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat partisi bahan kering bibit kopi melalui bobot kering bagian-bagian tanaman pada bibit kopi yang diberi NPK tablet dan asam humat. Percobaan dilakukan di bulan Februari 2017 sampai bulan April 2017 …

Comparison Of Peat-Based Planting Media To Sustainably Produced Planting Medias: Watering And Other Considerations, Mary Grace Jackson

Scholars Week

Researchers are actively addressing the questions that haunts all agriculturalists: Will we be able to feed the projected population of 9.8 billion people in 2050? Newly developed soil mixes might be the key to solving this daunting question. Research is proving that this sustainable media is a way to add nutrients back into our existing soil.

Pengaruh Asam Humat Dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Belum Menghasilkan Klon Sulawesi 1, Arkan Azis Kusuma, Santi Rosniawaty, Yudithia Maxiselly

Jurnal Kultivasi

Permasalahan tanaman kakao di Indonesia adalah produktivitasnya rendah. salah satu penyebabnya akibat kekurangan nutrisi pada fase tanaman belum menghasilkan TBM. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah memberikan pupuk organik, yaitu asam humat dan pupuk kandang sapi. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh macam pupuk organik (asam humat susulan dan pupuk kandang sapi) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kakao klon Sulawesi 1 umur 7 bulan setelah tanam. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian ± 752 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Tipe curah hujan di lokasi …

Soil Responses To Various Farming Systems In Western Kentucky, Samantha Peterson

Scholars Week

The interactions among the farming systems and the soil, water, biota, and atmosphere control the effects of cultivation on soil properties. Land conversion from forest or pasture ecosystems into crop fields altered soil properties due to the loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and the increase of soil compaction. However in Kentucky, the magnitude of the changes varied among the soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the changes of selected soil properties include SOM, soil pH, and compaction under different crop fields such as corn-soybean-tobacco rotation (Field #1), continuous corn field (Field #2), hemp field …