Agricultural Science Commons^™

Can Genetically Engineered Crops Become Weeds?, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

There are significant differences if the distribution of weedy characteristics among weeds, normal plants, and crops. The world’s most serious weeds possess on the average 10 or 11 of these characters, a random collection of British plants have an average seven of the traits, and crop plants only five. For the average crop to become as “weedy” as the average weed, it would need to acquire five weedy traits. Even using the unlikely assumption that those traits are single loci in which a dominant mutation would provide the weedy character, this would require the simultaneous acquisition of five gene substitutions. …

Bulletin 4133 - Fungal Diseases Of Pasture Legumes In Western Australia, M. J. Barbetti

Bulletins 4000 -

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most important annual pasture legume in Western Australia, forming the basis of some 6.5 million ha of annual pastures. The success of subterranean clover may be attributed to its ability to increase soil fertility as a consequence of nitrogen fixed, to withstand heavy grazing, to control soil erosion and, with some cultivars, to tolerate waterlogging. Fungal diseases have been a major limitation to the productivity of subterranean clover, affecting both the amount of plant matter and the quantity of seed produced.

Annual medic (Medicago spp., in particular M. polymorpha L.) is also an …

Bulletin Ma 3/89 - Broccoli Growing In The South West, J. Burt, M. Hegney, H Gratte

Horticulture published reports

Manjimup Regional Office

Agdex No. 254/11

Broccoli (Brassica oleracae, variety italica) is closely related to cabbage, cauliflowers, brussel sprouts and kohl rabi. This group of plants may be referred to as crucifers, brassicas or cole crops.

Broccoli originated in Italy. The head consists of well developed green flower buds on a fleshy flower stalk. It is high in protein, calcium, fibre and vitamins A and C.

Broccoli are produced throughout the year for Western Australian markets, but mainly from January to August as there is more competition from Perth producers in spring. There is potential to export broccoli to South …

A Comparison Of Chemical Composition & Fermentation Patterns Of Alternative Silages To Whole Plant Corn Silage, Susan Fox

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A comparison of the relationship of fermentation to chemical composition was made for forages which were wilted and ensiled at 35 to 45 percent dry matter. Trial I consisted of three forages ensiled in October, 1981: interseeded soybeans and grain sorghum. whole plant corn with added anhydrous ammonia, and whole plant corn with shelled corn added at a rate of 150 kg/t of fresh forage. Trial II consisted of two forages ensiled in 1982: interseeded soybeans and pearlmillet, and wheat. Temperatures of fermentation were collected, and chemical composition during the first 25 days of fermentation analyzed.

Production data were also …

Isolation & Characterization Of A Type I Topoisomerase From The Hypocotyls Of Etiolated Soybeans, Rick Dye

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Topoisomerases are enzymes of critical biological significance. Despite this fact, little data specific to the topoisomerases of higher plants has been published. This research was undertaken to isolate and characterize a higher plant topoisomerase from soybean hypocotyls to further the understanding of the structure and function of these enzymes.

Nuclei were isolated from frozen hypocotyls of 4 day old etiolated soybeans by homogenization and centrifugation, then lysed by gentle stirring in the presence of 1.5 mM ammonium sulfate. The resultant extract was desalted and purified by column chromatography on DEAF sepharose, 5-200 sephacryl and CM cellulose. The components of the …

Bulletin No 4146 - Commercial Production Of Pawpaws In Western Australia, J. R. Burt, B. L. Toohill

Bulletins 4000 -

The papaw (Carica papaya L.) is a native plant of Central America. It produces its highest yields of good quality fruit in tropical regions.

The tree is short-lived and rarely produces crops for more than two or three years. It is quick growing and soon reaches a maximum height of 5 to 7 m. It is usually unbranched, but may branch after either injury to the top or cutting back.

Bulletin 4152 - Sheep In Western Australia, R J. Suiter

Bulletins 4000 -

Western Australia's sheep industry started in the early 1830s when the first flock-owners grazed their sheep on extensive areas of native vegetation, often by shepherding on unfenced country. Later, farm flocks built up as settlers cleared and fenced land for cultivation, and 'pastoral' or 'station' sheep were confined to fenced areas of native vegetation, leased from the Government.

By 1900, more than 75 per cent of Western Australia's sheep were still classed as 'pastoral', but by 1987/88, the pastoral areas carried only 2 million of the 34.1 million State flock.

Today, many former sheep stations carry cattle, which survive better …

The Development And Failure Of Historic Agricultural Communities Of Utah: A Case Study Of Johns Valley, Utah, Wayne R. Shelley

Theses and Dissertations

Many agricultural communities have developed in Utah since the first settlement, but many no longer exist today. Some of these early communities experienced a "boom and bust," while others struggled for several years and were eventually abandoned. Johns Valley is a good example of these historic communities, as it experienced rapid growth and times of success and prosperity, yet it struggled and was eventually abandoned.
The situation in Johns Valley, from its early settlement to its demise, demonstrates the hope of the people who settled there and their efforts to make Johns Valley a productive and successful area. History also …

Farming Systems Research/Extension And The Concepts Of Sustainability, Charles A. Francis, Peter E. Hildebrand

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E) has strongly influenced the direction of agricultural development over the past two decades. Involving farmers, change agents and researchers, this participatory approach to technological improvement has evolved as an efficient means to develop individual components and more integrated systems that are uniquely suited to specific biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. Farmers with similar conditions and for whom specific recommendations are appropriate are grouped, in FSR/E, into identifiable Recommendation Domains. The technologies recommended conform with the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints that create environments within the domains, based on the philosophy that new technologies must conform with …

Concetta Tm (Papconc) C.V. (Rose Plant), Ellen T. Paparozzi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A new and distinct variety of rose plant of the hybrid tea rose class, which was originated as a sport of the rose Gabriella; characterized by its bright orange red, well-formed hybrid tea type blooms with dark velvet overtones on the outer edges of the open flower; disease resistant with everblooming habit and outstanding pot forcing characteristics.

Immune, Growth And Carcass Responses Of Ram Lambs To Active Immunization Against Desulfated Cholecystokinin (Cck-8), W. E. Trout, J. C. Pekas, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study explored feed intake and carcass responses to active immunization against desulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) in ram lambs. Antibody titers 8 wk following primary immunization and booster immunizations given at 4 and 6 wk averaged greater than 1:1,000. Titers increased to greater than 1:10,000 by 16 wk following a final booster immunization at 11 wk. The antibodies developed against desulfated CCK-8 exhibited 29% and 13% cross-reactivities for sulfated CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively. Immunization against desulfated CCK-8 had no effect on feed intake, ADG, carcass weight or carcass quality grade. Backfat thickness and carcass yield grade were reduced (P < .05) by immunization. Organ weights at slaughter, including those of the pancreas and small intestines, were not affected by CCK-8 immunization, with the exception of the lungs, which were 16% lighter (P < .01) in immunized lambs. In conclusion, active immunization against desulfated CCK-8 resulted in development of high antibody titers against desulfated and sulfated CCK-8. Immunization against CCK-8 decreased fat content of the carcass but failed to affect feed intake, carcass weight or ADG.

Introducing Onslow, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Grain and other field crops published reports

Onslow Barley........ a new breed of barley for the southern high rainfall areas (see map VH,H4 &H5). Suited to May plantings, Onslow is the first barley developed specifically for the long growing seasons in these areas.

For the first time barley growers have a variety designed for those 4 t/ha plus yields which research shows are possible with early sowing.

Onslow is the first of a new breed of barley cultivars developed in Western Australia specifically for the southern high rainfall areas which have a long growing season.

Evaluation Of Fomesafen For Broadleaf Weed Control, In Soybeans (Glycine Max), Ricardo A. Jimenez

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The lack of effective broadleaf weed control represents one of the major factors having detrimental effects on growth and yield of soybeans. Broadleaf weeds are a serious threat to soybean growers in the southeastern United States. A broad range of herbicides is being used in an effort to control broadleaf weeds in soybeans, and research is still being conducted to find new herbicides that can best work for this purpose. This study involved the use of one these herbicides. It was fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-trifluromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methyl-sulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide, which controls a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds in soybeans.

The experiment was conducted in the …

Bulletin 4358 - Western Australian Registered Field Crop Scheme Production Rules, Mark Holland, Peter Hill

Bulletins 4000 -

The Western Australian Registered Field Crop Scheme is an industry cooperative scheme entered into voluntarily by the participants. Agriculture Western Australia, through its AGWEST Plant Laboratories business unit, administers the scheme and supervises industry agreed production and marketing guidelines.

The Registered Field Crop Scheme differs from certified seed schemes by reduced direct supervision of the production by Agriculture Western Australia.

Producers agree to abide by the following rules and are responsible for the correctness of the final product to meet the quality descriptions for each seed lot as described on the appropriate seed analysis statement and in these rules.

The …

Winter Wheat Growth In Artificially Compacted Soil, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Dense soil tillage pans can develop from the improper use of tillage tools. The influence of compacted layers or pans on plant growth and development, although much studied, is not clearly understood. This greenhouse experiment evaluated the influence of uniformly compacted soil and thin layers of compacted soil placed at various depths on early growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Artificially compacted soil [Alliance silt loam, Aridic Argiustoll (Eluviated Brown Chernozem); A horizon] profiles were constructed in polyvinyl chloride tubes of 150-mm diameter by 350 mm long. Treatments were: (1) uniformly noncompacted (bulk density 1.30 Mg m^-3) …

Miscellaneous Production 23/87 - Animal Production In The Spinifex And Shrubland Regions Of Western Australia, D. Burnside

Animal production and livestock published reports

The role of the Rangeland Management Branch is to promote the sustained economic use of the rangeland resource. It provides research and extension services to the pastoral industry, provides advice on the condition of the range resource to Government and provides technical information on rangelands to other rangeland managers. A principal objective to be met in fulfilling that role is the development and promotion of economically efficient place systems that conserve the rangeland resource. At the inaugural Pastoral Soil Conservation Districts Conference in Meekatharra in May 1987, pastoralist delegates emphasized the importance of achieving that objective within the various soil …

Response Of Three Cultivars Of Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) To Mulching & Irrigation, Cesar Gonzalez

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of black polyethylene mulching and drip irrigation on the yield and quality of three cultivars of bell pepper was studied during the 1987 growing season. This study was conducted on a Pembroke silt loam soil on the Western Kentucky University Farm in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The experimental design was a split-plot arranged in randomized complete blocks in four replications with treatment as the main plot and cultivars as the sub-plot.

'California Wonder,' 'Lady Bell F₁ Hybrid: and' Keystone Resistant Giant' cultivars of bell pepper were established in the field during the last week of May. The cultivars …

Quarantine Disinfestation A Bibliography With Relevance To Ornamental Plant Material, Kevin Seaton, Daryl Joyce

Biosecurity published reports

This bibliography has been compiled as part of a programme to develop new and improved techniques for the insect disinfestation of export cut-flowers and cut-foliage. The objective of the programme is to identify the most effective disinfestation treatments. Suitable treatments should kill insects in the flowers without directly injuring the flowers or reducing their postharvest life.

The bibliography presents references relating to the disinfestation of ornamental material (i.e. cut-flowers, cut-foliage, and potted plants). However, it also includes references on disinfestation of fruit, vegetables, and stored grain where this information has some relevance to the disinfestation of ornamental materials. The bibliography …

What Rate Of Nitrogen Fertilizer?, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

No abstract provided.

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Ashburton River Catchment, Western Australia, A A. Mitchell, A L. Payne, W F. Holman

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1976 and 1978, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed …

Miscellaneous Publication 11/88 - Manjimup Horticultural Research Centre - A Guide To Activites, David Johnston

Horticulture published reports

Within the south-west of Western Australia, in the area encompassed by Bunbury, Margaret River, Albany and Manjimup, the horticultural industries have become of major importance to economic viability and employment opportunities.

The Manjimup Shire grows45 percent of the State's potatoes, 50 per cent profits cauliflowers and 32 per cent profits apples. Other important crops are onions, beans and peas for processing and Chinese cabbage. A range of other horticultural crops are produced on a small scale.

The recent establishment of an Edgell-Birds Eye processing plant at Manjimup will provide a further significant boost to the region. By 1992 this plant …

Post-Harvest Research On Ornamental Plant Material, Daryl C. Joyce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The rapid growth of commercial enterprises servicing overseas demand for native cut flowers and foliage from Western Australia has created a need for research and extension to support the industry. Post-harvest handling is a particularly important area because cut flowers and foliage are highly perishable and Western Australia is a long way from major markets. Markets such as The Netherlands, Japan and California demand high quality products

Rehabilitation Of Mined Areas And Control Of Dust At Kalgoorlie And Boulder, A E. Peterson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the lesser known roles of the Department of Agriculture is advising on aspects of managing and rehabilitating non-agricultural land. This advice and research is directed mainly at minimizing the effects of land degradation and providing land resource data and land capability assessment maps to assist regional planners.

Male Sterility In Soybean-An Overview, Robert Graybosch, Reid G. Palmer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The most common type of reproductive mutations observed in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]are those that induce male sterility.The high frequency of occurrence of male-sterile mutations indicates that a number of genes influence the processes of microgametogenesis and microsporogenesis. The current knowledge of these mutations is summarized. The origins of male-sterile mutations, their inheritance patterns, and known linkage relationships are detailed. The phenotypic expression of male-sterile mutations, including their effects on both male and female reproduction, is discussed. The influence of environment on the expressivity of male sterile mutations, and the effects of male-sterile mutations on physiological processes …

Pests Of Native Flowers, W M. Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For millions of years native insects have used Australia's native plants for food and shelter. Today, we wish to cultivate these plants to produce beautiful flowers and foliage for export. However, the insects that live on the plants in the wild will attack those plants grown in cultivation, and these insects themselves will be attacked by their own predators and parasites. The challenge in floricultural entomology is to use this natural biological control as part of a cheap and effective pest management system.

Looking At Lupins - Lupin Management In The South Eastern Wheatbelt, W. L. Smart, M. M. Ralph, J. M. Liddle, R.. D. Ramm, C. J. Robinson, E. W. Armstrong

Grain and other field crops research reports

In the past couple of years research into lupins has increased substantially particularly in the fields of weed control, seeding rates, and control of diseases such as brown leaf spot and pleiochaeta root rot. This report is a summary of the lupin trials in the Lake Grace advisory area as well as a guide to better lupin farming.

Duration Of Fertility Of Turkeys Inseminated At Different Times After The Onset Of Photostimulation, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

To investigate the relationship between photostimulation, ovary and oviduct weights, and oviducal sperm-storage tubule (SST) development and functional capacity, 33-week-old turkey hens were placed in four groups of 15 hens each. Each group was inseminated three times in 30 min with 50 × 10⁶ spermatozoa (a total of 150 × 10⁶ spermatozoa) on the day of photostimulation, or on Days 7, 14, or 21 after the onset of photostimulation (Groups A, B, C and D, respectively). From weeks 4 to 8 after photostimulation, 5 additional hens were inseminated each week and then killed 24 h later to determine …

Considerations In Breeding Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue Forage Cultivars, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Breeding tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars that are free of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams [previously identified and referred to as Epichloe typhina (Fries) Tulasne] is necessary to improve animal performance. The techniques used in developing new cultivars are not greatly different from those used previously, with one exception. Prior to the evaluation of new tall fescue lines or populations, the endophyte needs to be eliminated from the seed or the plants. Several techniques utilizing aging, heat, or chemical treatment are being used to effectively accomplish this in the seed. Methods for permanently eliminating the endophyte …

Levels And Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications For Tall Fescue In Central Alabama, J. W. Odom, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most important cool season perennial pasture grass in the United States, is generally well adapted to the northern two-thirds of Alabama. Unfortunately, the most commonly grown tall fescue cultivar, Kentucky 31, is of northern origin and is dormant during the winter. To reduce this problem, AU Triumph was selected from Mediterranean germplasm. The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station released this cultivar to growers in 1981. Compared to Kentucky 31, AU Triumph produces about 80 percent more forage during the winter and produces mature seed about 2 weeks earlier in the spring. Total annual forage production …

Suggestions Regarding Alcoholic Bird Collections, Peter F. Cannell, Murray R. Bakst, Cheryl S. Asa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One third of the known species of birds are unrepresented in alcoholic collections and nearly 70% of the rest are represented by 10 or fewer specimens (Wood et al. 1982, Zusi et al. 1982). Simply put, "existing anatomical specimens do not meet present and future research needs and . .. the situation must be corrected" (Jenkinson and Wood 1985:587). Actually, current alcoholic specimen resources may be even worse than indicated by Wood et al. (1982), despite commendable recent improvements. Here, we argue the urgent need for additional alcoholic specimens, stressing in particular quality of fixation, the importance of series, documentation …