Agricultural Science Commons^™

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2004, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2004, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Agroecosystem Diversity On Natural Enemies Of Maize Stemborers In Coastal Kenya, C. A.O. Midega, C. K.P.O. Ogol, W. A. Overholt

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

A study was conducted at Mtwapa in the northern coastal area of Kenya during the long and short rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 to assess the benefits of agroecosystem diversification-through agroforestry and intercropping-on the activity of natural enemies of maize stemborers. Treatments consisted of maize and cowpea intercrops or maize monocrops planted within hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium. The plots were mulched or unmulched and insecticide-treated or not. The maize stemborers encountered, in order of abundance, were Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus and Sesamia calamistis. The egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. and Telenomus spp. were recovered from stemborer eggs. …

C-Terminal 23 Kda Polypeptide Of Soybean Gly M Bd 28 K Is A Potential Allergen, Ping Xiang, Eric J. Haas, Michael G. Zeece, John P. Markwell, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Gly m Bd 28 K is a major soybean (Glycine max Merr.) glycoprotein allergen. It was originally identified as a 28 kDa polypeptide in soybean seed flour. However, the full-length protein is encoded by an open reading frame (ORF) of 473 amino acids, and contains a 23 kDa C-terminal polypeptide of as yet unknown allergenic and structural characteristics. IgE-binding (allergenic potential) of the Gly m Bd 28 K protein including the 23 kDa C-terminal portion as well as shorter fragments derived from the full-length ORF were evaluated using sera from soy-sensitive adults. All of these sera contained IgE that …

Shiga Toxin Binding To Isolated Porcine Tissues And Peripheral Blood Leukocytes, Kellie R. K. Winter, William C. Stoffregen, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Shiga toxin (Stx) binding sites in porcine tissues and leukocytes were identified by the use of Stx overlay and anti-CD77/Gb3 immunoassays. Stx1 and Stx2 bound to similar tissue locations and leukocytes, although some differences were noted. Previously unreported Stx binding sites were identified in kidney tubules, intestinal lymphoid aggregates, sinusoidal liver cells, alveolar macrophages, and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Chemical Composition That Attract Arthropods- Patent 2004, Ulrich R. Bernier, Donald R. Barnard, Matthew Booth, Daniel Kline, Kenneth H. Posey, Richard A. Yost

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Compositions and methods employing the compositions for attracting arthropods. The compositions comprise at least one compound of formula I and at least one compound from group II.

Long Polar Fimbriae Contribute To Colonization By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Vivo, Dianna M. Jordan, Nancy Cornick, Alfredo G. Torres, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, James B. Kaper, Harley W. Moon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The contribution of long polar fimbriae to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 was evaluated in sheep, conventional pigs, and gnotobiotic piglets. E. coli O157:H7 strains with lpfA1 and lpfA2 mutated were recovered in significantly lower numbers and caused fewer attachment and effacement lesions than the parent strain.

Horticultural Studies 2003, James A. Robbins, Brad Murphy, Mike Richardson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

We are pleased to bring you the sixth edition of Horticultural Studies. This publication, beginning with Horticultural Studies 1998, has continued to bring to the citizens of Arkansas the latest reports about horticultural crop research being conducted throughout the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Our goal with this publication was to bring annual up-to-date findings to the horticultural community in Arkansas so that you could utilize these new findings and/or contact the researchers for further information. We hope that this goal is being met. As editors, we strive to make this publication reader-friendly, timely, and hopefully of value to …

Development Of An Expressed Sequence Tag (Est) Resource For Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.): Est Generation, Unigene Analysis, Probe Selection And Bioinformatics For A 16,000-Locus Bin-Delineated Map, G. R. Lazo, S. Chao, D. D. Hummel, H. Edwards, C. C. Crossman, N. Lui, D. E. Matthews, V. L. Carollo, D. L. Hane, F. M. You, G. E. Butler, R. E. Miller, T. J. Close, J. H. Peng, N. L. V. Lapitan, J. P. Gustafson, L. L. Qi, B. Echalier, B. S. Gill, M. Dilbirligi, H. S. Randhawa, K. S. Gill, R. A. Greene, M. E. Sorrells, E. D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, A. M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, K. G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S. F. Kianian, A. A. Mahmoud, Miftahudin, X.-F. Ma, E. J. Conley, J. A. Anderson, M. S. Pathan, H. T. Nguyen, P. E. Mcguire, C. O. Qualset, O. D. Anderson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). Accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat EST data set. Among the resources developed were the first extensive public wheat EST collection (113,220 ESTs). Described are protocols for sequencing, sequence processing, EST nomenclature, and the assembly of ESTs into contigs. These contigs plus singletons …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2003, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Field Evaluations Of Herbicides On Vegetable, Small Fruit, And Ornamental Crops, 2000, 2001, & 2002, Ron E. Talbert, Mike L. Lovelace, Eric F. Scherder, Mayank S. Malik

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Field evaluations of herbicides provide the chemical industry, governmental agencies, such as IR-4, and the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station with an evaluation of herbicide performance on small fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops grown under Arkansas conditions. This report provides a means for disseminating information to interested private and public service weed scientists.

A Single Amino Acid Substitution In Soybean Vspα Increases Its Acid Phosphatase Activity Nearly 20-Fold, Oranuch Leelapon, Gautam Sarath, Paul E. Staswick

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] contains two proteins called vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) that function as temporary storage reserves, but are also closely related to plant acid phosphatases of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily. This study examined the biochemical basis for the relatively low catalytic activity previously reported for these VSPs. The specific activity of purified recombinant VSPα on GMP was about 40-fold lower than for a related soybean root nodule acid phosphatase (APase), which had a specific activity of 845 U mg^-1 protein. Conversion of Ser¹⁰⁶ to Asp increased VSPα activity about 20-fold. This Asp residue …

Pedogenic Factors Affecting Magnetic Susceptibility Of The Last Interglacial Palaeosol S1 In The Chinese Loess Plateau, Z.-D. Feng, H. B. Wang, C. G. Olson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The magnetic susceptibility has been used as a quantitative or semi-quantitative proxy for reconstructing the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau based on extensive studies on climatic or/and environmental mechanisms producing the magnetic susceptibility signatures. However, the precise nature of the link between past climates and the susceptibility signatures has remained uncertain primarily due to lack of our understanding in the finalizing and preserving processes of the signatures. This paper attempts to examine the reliability or acceptability of this summer monsoon proxy from non-magnetic perspectives of soil-forming processes. We chose nine sections along two transects: one across the …

Putting Genes Into Genetic Coefficients, P. Stephen Baenziger, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Wallace Wilhelm, Albert Weiss, Cynthia J. Hays

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant parameters are critical inputs in crop simulation models and allow a general set of algorithms to represent features of specific cultivars. A subset of plant parameters is often referred to as ‘‘genetic coefficients’’. However, these genetic coefficients are developed from phenotypic observations, usually have a weak genetic basis, and are at best ‘‘genotypic’’ coefficients because they consider the genotype from a very integrative perspective and likely include some impact of environment on the trait or characteristic described. With increased understanding of crop genomes, we believe models can be improved by incorporating genetic coefficients that accurately describe the action of …

Channel Aggradation By Beaver Dams On A Small Agricultural Stream In Eastern Nebraska, M. C. Mccullough, J. L. Harper, D. E. Eisenhauer, M. G. Dosskey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

agricultural area of eastern Nebraska. A topographic survey was conducted of a reach of Little Muddy Creek where beaver are known to have been building dams for twelve years. Results indicate that over this time period the thalweg elevation has aggraded an average of 0.65 m by trapping 1730 t of sediment in the pools behind dams. Beaver may provide a feasible solution to channel degradation problems in this region.

Genetic Correlation Of Ram Sexual Performance With Ewe Reproductive Traits Of Four Sheep Breeds, G. Snowder, J. N. Stellflug, L. Dale Van Vleck

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Rams express differences in sexual performance during the breeding season. Breeding rams with high sexual performance scores as measured during a sexual performance test can improve flock fertility. Whether selecting rams for high sexual performance score will indirectly improve ewe reproductive performance is not known. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between sexual performance scores of rams and reproduction of ewes. Sexual performance scores of rams and reproductive performance (number of lambs born per ewe exposed and number of lambs weaned per ewe exposed) from four breeds were analyzed with univariate and bivariate animal models …

Activation Of The Oryza Sativa Non-Symbiotic Haemoglobin-2 Promoter By The Cytokinin-Regulated Transcription Factor, Arr1, Emily Ross, Julie M. Stone, Christian Elowsky, Raul Arredondo-Peter, Robert V. Klucas, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Using in silico methods, several putative phytohormoneresponsive cis-elements in the Oryza sativa nonsymbiotic haemoglobin (NSHB) 1-4 and Arabidopsis thaliana NSHB1-2 promoters have been identified. An OsNSHB2 promoter::GUS reporter gene fusion shows tissue-specific expression in A. thaliana. GUS expression was observed in roots, the vasculature of young leaves, in flowers, and in the pedicel/stem junction. In transient assays, activity of the OsNSHB2 promoter was significantly up-regulated in the presence of the cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Deletion analyses indicated that the full-length promoter was required for maximal trans-activation in the presence of cytokinin. Mutation of the single cytokinin-regulated ARR1-binding element abolished promoter …

Miscellaneous Publication 19/2004 - Ord River Irrigation Area 2003 - Gross Margin Budget Guide For Horticultural Crops, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics research reports

Replaces Bulletin 4414

In 2000, Joanna Embry and Peter Gartrell, put together a Budget Guide for the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA). This document is an update with the objectives of updating some of those budgets to reflect current prices and yields. The two types of crops analysed are annual crops (cucurbits, field crops) and perennial crops (mangoes, bananas, and red fleshed grapefruit).

The analyses are prepared as guides of likely cost types and may not relate to individual growers. There is a wide range of fruit production systems, management techniques, varieties and market options making for a wide variation …

B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2003, R. J. Norman, J.-F. Meullenet, K. A.K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice-producing state in the U.S., representing just over 48% of the total U.S. production and 48.5% of the total acres planted to rice. Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, due to changing political, environmental, and economic times, the practices are dynamic. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor how the changing times reflect the changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas where rice is produced. Questions included topics such as …

Genetic Diversity In Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.] As Revealed By Rapd Markers, Fana Sylla Ba, Remy S. Pasquet, Paul Gepts

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The present study, using RAPD analysis, was undertaken to characterize genetic variation in domesticated cowpea and its wild progenitor, as well as their relationships. The materials used consisted of 26 domesticated accessions, including accessions from each of the five cultivar-group, and 30 wild/weedy accessions, including accessions from West, East and southern Africa. A total of 28 primers generated 202 RAPD bands. One hundred and eight bands were polymorphic among the domesticated compared to 181 among wild/weedy cowpea accessions. Wild accessions were more diverse in East Africa, which is the likely area of origin of V. unguiculata var. spontanea. Var. spontanea …

Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Tests 2003-2004, J. T. Kelly, C. E. Parsons, R. K. Bacon

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Small-grain cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station , Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

Comparison Of 'Organic' And 'Conventional' Grains And Soybean Prices In The Northern Great Plains And Upper Midwest: 1995 Through 2003, Nicholas Streff, Thomas L. Dobbs

Economics Pamphlet Series (1985-2016)

Price premiums for organic crops drew the attention of an increasing number of farmers throughout the 1990s. Premiums contributed to the expansion of U.S. farmland managed under organic farming systems during that time period. Expansion of organic farming systems continued at least through 2001. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service's most recent data on organic farming systems, U.S. farmers and ranchers added almost one million acres of certified organic farmland between 1997 and 2001, an increase of 74 percent. Over that same time frame, certified organic cropland increased by 53 percent). The USDA implemented national …

Groundwater Trends In The North Stirling Pallinup Sub-Region, Ruhi Ferdowsian, Lisa Crossing

Natural resources published reports

The South Coast Regional Initiative Planning Team (SCRIPT) has divided the South Coast region of Western Australia into six sub-regions. This publication describes the groundwater trends, risk of shallow watertables, and technical feasibility of salinity management in the agricultural district of the North Stirling Pallinup sub-region.

This sub-region encompasses the Stirling Range National Park, the North Stirling Basin to the north-east of the Park, and the middle and upper catchments of the Pallinup River. Almost 90% (500,000 ha) of the sub-region's alienated land has been cleared for agriculture, and salinity has been identified as an important issue.

Soil-landscape zones are …

Characterization Of Protein Changes In Buffalograsses Challenged By Blissus Occiduus, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Gautam Sarath, Frederick P. Baxendale, D. Novak, S. Bose, N. Xinhi, S. Quisenberry

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant-insect interactions are of profound importance in agriculture. Herbivorous insects can inflict substantial damage to susceptible plants. Thus understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to herbivory can lead to breeding resistant plants. Although this area has been studied for many years, we are still largely unaware of the plant-related biochemical changes that result in tolerance or resistance mechanisms. This paucity of data is further complicated by the great range of insect herbivores and in several cases by an almost complete lack of molecular and biochemical information of the agronomically important plant species. We investigated the role of plant proteins and …

Groundwater Trends In The Fitzgerald Biosphere Sub-Region, Adam Lillicrap

Natural resources published reports

The South Coast Regional Initiative Planning Team (SCRIPT) has divided the South Coast region into six sub-regions. The Fitzgerald Biosphere sub-region is located in the centre of the South Coast region of Western Australia (Figure 1). It is bounded by the Pallinup River to the east, Jerdacuttup River to the west, and includes the catchments of the Gairdner, Fitzgerald and Phillips Rivers. The sub-region encompasses the Fitzgerald Biosphere Reserve and just over half (730,000 ha) has been cleared for agriculture.

This publication describes the groundwater trends, risk of shallow watertables, and technical feasibility of salinity management in the soil landscape …

Multi-Trophic Level Interactions In A Cassava-Maize Mixed Cropping System In The Humid Tropics Of West Africa, F. Schulthess, A. Chabi-Olaye, S. Gounou

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in Benin, West Africa. Two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. Key pests under study on maize were the noctuid Sesamia calamistis Hampson and the pyralids Eldana saccharina Walker and Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and its encyrtid parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi De Santis. Both crops received insecticide treatments to assess the crop loss by a pest species. On …

Stability Of The Allergenic Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, Robin Roychaudhuri, Gautam Sarath, Michael G. Zeece, John P. Markwell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) is a 21.5 kDa allergenic protein that belongs to the family of all antiparallel h-sheet proteins that are highly resistant to thermal and chemical denaturation. Spectroscopic and biochemical techniques such as circular dichroism (CD), ANS fluorescence and proteolysis were used to study its molecular structure under denaturing conditions such as acid and heat to which these allergens are commonly exposed during food processing. Reduction of native SKTI leads to its complete and rapid proteolysis by pepsin in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin during renaturation after heating showed that the native structure …

K8 And K12 Are Biotinylated In Human Histone H4, Gabriela Camporeale, Elizabeth E. Shubert, Gautam Sarath, Ronald Cerny, Janos Zempleni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Folding of DNA into chromatin is mediated by binding to histones such as H4; association of DNA with histones is regulated by covalent histone modifications, e.g. acetylation, methylation, and biotinylation.We sought to identify aminoacid residues that are biotinylated in histone H4,and to determine whether acetylation and methylation of histones affect biotinylation. Synthetic peptides spanning fragments of human histone H4 were biotinylated enzymatically using biotinidase. Peptide-bound biotin was probed with streptavidin– peroxidase. Peptides based on the N-terminal sequence of histone H4 were effectively recognized by biotinidase as substrates for biotinylation; in contrast, peptides based on the C-terminal sequences were not biotinylated. …

Tyrosine B10 Inhibits Stabilization Of Bound Carbon Monoxide And Oxygen In Soybean Leghemoglobin, Suman Kundu, George C. Blouin, Scott A. Premer, Gautam Sarath, John S. Olson, Mark S. Hargrove

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Detailed comparisons of the carbon monoxide FTIR spectra and ligand-binding properties of a library of E7, E11, and B10 mutants indicate significant differences in the role of electrostatic interactions in the distal pockets of wild-type sperm whale myoglobin and soybean leghemoglobin. In myoglobin, strong hydrogen bonds from several closely related conformations of the distal histidine (His^E7) side chain preferentially stabilize bound oxygen. In leghemoglobin, the imidazole side chain of His^E7 is confined to a single conformation, which only weakly hydrogen bonds to bound ligands. The phenol side chain of TyrB10 appears to “fix” the position of His …

Perennial Herbaceous Biomass Energy Crops: Potential And Status, Kenneth P. Vogel, Hans-Joachim Jung, Robert B. Mitchell, Joann Lamb, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE), and cooperating Universities have been investigating the feasibility of using perennial forages (herbaceous biomass) for energy production. The most promising species include switchgrass, a native prairie grass, and alfalfa, a nitrogen-fixing legume. Using technology that is under continual improvement, it is feasible to break down the cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin of these biomass species into simple sugars that can be converted into ethanol or other fermentation products. These species can produce high biomass yields on lands with high erosion potential such as the land currently enrolled in …