Agricultural Science Commons^™

Conservation Tillage And Irrigation Effects On Corn Root Development, R. L. Newell, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of conservation-tillage practices on the root environment of corn (Zea mays L.) may differ with varying amounts of irrigation. Dryland, 50% irrigation, and 100% irrigation treatments were applied in combination with disc, no-tillage, and a postemergence chisel treatment designed to allow rapid infiltration of irrigation water. The study was conducted during the 1980 growing season at the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station near Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls). Root samples were taken to 1.50 m in 0.15-m increments. Sampling was done at 60 (V8), 77 (V14), and 90 (R2) days …

Dryland Maize Development And Yield Resulting From Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilization Practices, Wallace Wilhelm, James S. Schepers, M. L. Mielke, John W. Doran, James R. Ellis, Walter W. Stroup

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Conservation tillage ( 7 30% residue cover) has proven to be very effective in reducing runoff and erosion and in increasing soil water storage. In dryland cropping situations, the latter fact should result in a greater yield potential for conservation than for conventional tillage. In practice, however, this theoretical advantage has not consistently realized. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tillage and N-fertilization management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under dryland conditions in the western Corn Belt (U.S.A.). The experiment was conducted from 1977 through 1983 on a Crete-Butler silty …

Evaluation Of Three Coverings For The Overwintering Of Container Grown Herbaceous Perennials In Kentucky, Richard Beckort

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate three coverings for overwintering twelve varieties of container grown herbaceous perennials under Kentucky conditions. The twelve perennial varieties were started from seed in the spring and had been moved to one gallon containers by fall. In the first week of December, three blocks of containers were covered with one of the following: one layer of 4 mil, milky copolymer; one layer of quarter inch microfoam and one layer of milky copolymer; a sandwich of two layers of milky copolymer with 6 inches of wheat straw between them; the remaining block was left …

Effects Of Planting Date On Development Of Net Blotch Epidemics In Winter Barley In Pennsylvania, Leslie M. Delserone, H. Cole Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

The influence of planting date on fall and spring net blotch epidemics (caused by Pyrenophora teres) was evaluated with the winter barley cultivar Pennrad. Experiments were conducted in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in 1982 and 1983 and in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1983. The three planting dates evaluated corresponded to the recommended date as well as dates I wk earlier and later than recommended for each specific location. Planting date had a significant influence on fall net blotch epidemics, with the greatest and least disease severities observed in the earliest and latest plantings, respectively. When spring environmental conditions were warm …

Intsormil Annual Report 1987, John M. Yohe, Timothy T. Schilling

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The Sorghum/Millet CRSP was initiated on July 1, 1979. This annual report covers the activities for program Year 8. Eight years of experience have reaffirmed the need for this type of research program aimed at relieving the constraints to improved sustainable sorghum/millet production in developing countries. The emphasis by the CRSP on development of collaborative linkages with national sorghum/millet research programs has been unique. Significant contributions have been made toward resolving constraint problems and enhancing the national program capability by strengthening its human resource base as well as the national institutional capability to conduct collaborative research. Thus, the CRSPs present …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, A L. Payne, G F. Spencer, P J. Curry

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Carnarvon Basin, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1980 and 1982, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed covers …

Serradella, Subterranean Clover And Medic Research, Esperance, Western Australia, Michael D A Bolland

Technical Bulletins

Strains of O. compressus which originate from Paros in southern Greece were the earliest flowering serradellas tested. They consistently produced amongst the highest seed yields, are relatively hard-seeded and are worthy of further investigation for deep sands and very acid soils in low rainfall areas. Monthly applications of nitrogenous fertilizer about doubled the herbage yields of serradella in winter.

Short Communications: Localization Of Oviductal Sperm-Storage Tubules In The American Kestrel (Falco Sparverius), Murray R. Bakst, David M. Bird

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sperm-storage tubules (SST) are discrete tubular invaginations of the bird's oviduct epithelium located in the anterior end of the vaginal folds, a region generally referred to as the uterovaginal junction (UVJ). [We prefer to refer to the UVJ sperm-storage sites collectively as the SST (originally used by Mero and Ogasawara 1970) because SST accurately describes their function and structure.] Of the 27 recognized orders of birds, SST have been identified histologically only in selected species of Charadriiformes and Procellariformes (Hatch 1983), Galliformes (Fujii and Tamura 1963), Anseriformes (Pal 1977), and Passeriformes (Bray et al. 1975). Whether SST are structures common …

Growth And Carcass Traits Of Heifers As Affected By Hormonal Treatment, J. D. Crouse, B. D. Schanbacher, H. R. Cross, S. C. Seideman, S. B. Smith

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Seventy-seven tleifers weighing about 200 kg were assigned randomly to 1) intact control (C), 2) ovariectomized (OVX), 3) immunized against estradiol (BSA-E), 4) BSA-E + trenbolone acetate (BSA-E+TBA), 5) TBA or 6) ovx + TBA groups. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of ovariectomy, immunoneutralization of estradiol and trenbolone acetate treatment on growth rate and carcass merit. Heifers were fed a corn-corn silage diet and were slaughtered when treatment groups attained live-animal weights of 433 kg. Observations of rate of growth, efficiency of feed conversion, characteristics of carcasses and characteristics of organoleptic properties of the cooked …

Lipogenesis In Adipose Tissue From Ovariectomized And Intact Heifers Immunized Against Estradiol And(Or) Implanted With Trenbolone Acetate, L. C. St. John, P. A. Ekeren, J. D. Crouse, B. D. Schanbacher, S. B. Smith

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forty-two heifers were allotted randomly to six treatment groups: 1) intact controls, 2) intact heifers implanted with trenbolone acetate, 3) ovariectomized heifers, 4) ovariectomized heifers implanted with trenbolone acetate, 5) intact heifers immunized against estradiol and 6) intact heifers immunized against estradiol and implanted with trenbolone acetate. Blood titers of estradiol-17β were increased over lO0-fold in heifers immunized against estradiol in Freund's complete adjuvant or saline:squalene/arlacel containing Mycobacterium. Lipogenic enzyme activities and acetate incorporation into fatty acids were increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained at slaughter from heifers receiving immunization or the combination of immunization and trenbolone acetate. The increased …

Evaluation Of Repellent Seed Treatments And Effects On Early Corn Performance, Ann E. Koehler, Ron J. Johnson, Orvin C. Burnside, Stephen R. Lowry

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A combination of field, field enclosure, and germination chamber studies was used to evaluate the effects of methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] and thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) repellent seed treatments on early corn performance. The thiram treatments used (0.08, 0.4,0.8,0.5,1.25, and 2.5% active ingredient by corn seed weight) had negligible effects on germination/emergence time or on com plant heights. The thiram treatments never reduced stand counts in comparison to controls, but apparently increased stand counts in some trials, particularly under wet conditions. The methiocarb treatments evaluated (0.5, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0% active ingredient by corn seed weight) had only occasional effects on early …

A Guide To The Identification And Control Of Insect Pests In Maize Crops Grown Int He Ord River Irrigation Area, S.E. Learmonth

Grain and other field crops published reports

The importance of insect pests in Ord maize crops is seasonal both in terms of their abundance and the species present. It is therefore desirable that the main pests of maize can be recognized quickly and appropriate action taken to avoid crop loss

In this guide, all of the common insect pests likely to be encountered in Ord maize crops are described. Photographs of only the more important of these and some of their natural enemies are included. Any insect that cannot be readily identified may be taken to the office of the Department of Agriculture.

A section on insect …

Policy Structures And Crop Productivity In Third World Countries, Zerubabel M. Nyiira

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Deciding what should be done in the crop-production sector is a policy issue and a public and management responsibility. Entrusted with that responsibility, governments formulate policies which should ensure maximum crop productivity. The impact of policies and policy structures on crop productivity, and the role of policy makers, administrators and scientists in research and development systems are the subjects of this paper. Observations are made on the role played by government policies in the generation, diffusion and application of crop-production technology and a brief discussion is presented of issues of public and international policies and crop productivity. © 1987.

Vegetable Budgeting Handbook Manjimup Region 1986-87, Peter Eckersley

Horticulture published reports

This handbook is designed as a guide

i) to help growers cost out or budget for their own or alternative enterprises, and use correct methods for calculating benefits and costs of alternative actions. production, and

ii) to help advisers and lending agencies prepare and review budgets.

WARNING - The budgets herein do not purport to represent the average profitability of each crop. It is the reader's responsibility to use the information in them correctly.

The Manjimup region here includes Pemberton, Nannup, Bridgetown and Donnybrook.

Unit production costs vary widely within any farming district. Low-cost production requires the right levels and …

Crop Residue Effects On Soil Environment And Dryland Maize And Soya Bean Production, J. F. Power, Wallace Wilhelm, J. W. Doran

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The research reported here provides data on the effects of crop residues on the surface of no-till soil upon the soil environment and resulting biological activity, including crop growth. For maize (Zea mays L.) and soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in eastern Nebraska, U.S.A. (4 years of data), increasing crop residue rate decreased maximum soil temperatures at the soil surface by at least 5°C, and generally increased soil water storage by at least 50 mm. Availability and uptake of nitrogen from the soil organic matter and applied fertilizers (and for soya bean from decomposition of crop …

Division S-4-Soil Fertility And Plant Nutrition: Recovery Of Fertilizer Nitrogen By Wheat As Affected By Fallow Method, J. F. Power, Wallace Wilhelm, John W. Doran

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The fate of fertilizer N applied to crops is of both environmental and economic concern. To follow fertilizer N recovery in western Nebraska, depleted-¹⁵N NH₄NO₃ was surface broadcast in April on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing on plots fallowed the previous year by plowing, subtillage, and no-till. Quantities of labeled N taken up by the growing crop, in the upper 100 mm of soil as inorganic N, and in both visible and partially decomposed crop residues, were followed on two sets of plots through the crop-fallow-crop sequence (approximately 117 weeks). About 16 to …

Uptake Of Nitrogen From Soil, Fertilizer, And Crop Residues By No-Till Corn And Soybean, J. F. Power, John W. Doran, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The relative availability of nitrogen (N) from indigenous soil organic N, immobilized fertilizer N, currently applied fertilizer N, and crop residues is largely unknown. A non-irrigated experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam at Lincoln, NE, with both continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.), in which crops were produced with no tillage after surface application of 0, 0.5,1.0, or 1.5 times the quantity of aboveground crop residue produced the previous year. In 1980 and 1981, depleted ¹⁵N NH₄NO₃ (at 45 kg N ha^-1) and crop residues …

Kununurra Region - Land Utilization Report - 1984 Dry Season - 1984/85 Wet Season And 1985 Dry Season In The Ord River Irrigation Area, S. Sandover

Natural resources published reports

Kununurra Region

3rd edition

A small experimental farm was first established on the Ord River in 1941. This farm was relocated in 1945 to what is now known as the Frank Wise Institute of Tropical Agriculture.

The first stage of the Irrigation Scheme which included the Diversion dam was completed by 1963 and by 1966, 31 irrigated farms had been established.

In 1967 the second stage was commenced and by 1972 the main dam had been completed.

Cotton was the major crop until 1974. In the wet season of that year 3642 hectares was devoted to cotton. Various crops such …

The Relationship Between Moist-Soil Plant Seed Production And Drawdown Date In An East-Central Illinois Subimpoundment Managed For Waterfowl Hunting, Jeffrey M. Ver Steeg

Masters Theses

Faced with increasing costs and decreasing federal funds, wildlife managers are turning towards more energy effecient and economical methods of attracting fall migrating waterfowl. The production of food by natural moist-soil plants can be encouraged in low lying areas by timely dewatering and reflooding. This study was designed to determine which of two drawdown dates would result in the greatest seed production by plants known to be valuable waterfowl foods.

A late July 1984 drawdown in an east-central Illinois subimpoundment produced significantly more smartweed (Polygonum spp.) and pigweed (Amaranthus tamariscinus) seed than did a late March 1985 drawdown. …

Endocrine Changes During Restoration Of Estrous Cycles Following Induction Of Anestrus By Restricted Nutrient Intake In Beef Heifers, K. Imakawa, M. L. Day, M. Garcia-Winder, D. D. Zalesky, Roger J. Kittok, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The working hypotheses in this experiment were: 1) that ovarian estradiol would inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in heifers that were anestrus as a result of restricted dietary energy intake and 2) the responsiveness of LH secretion to estradiol negative feedback would decrease during the period when restoration of estrous cycles occurred following feeding of diets adequate in energy. Fifteen heifers weighing 341 ± 12 (mean ± SE) kg were fed a diet containing 50% of the energy required for maintenance until 40 to 50 d following cessation of estrous cycles. Heifers were assigned to intact control (C, n = …

Bacteroids Are Stable During Dark-Induced Senescence Of Soybean Root Nodules, Gautam Sarath, Nancy E. Pfeiffer, C.S. Sodhi, Fred W. Wagner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Physiological and biochemical markers of metabolic competence were assayed in bacteroids isolated from root nodules of control, dark-stressed, and recovered plants of Glycine max Merr. cv `Woodworth.' Nitrogenase-dependent acetylene reduction by the whole plant decreased to 8% of control rates after 4 days of dark stress and could not be detected in plants dark stressed for 8 days. However, in bacteroids isolated anaerobically, almost 50% of initial acetylene reduction activity remained after 4 days of dark stress but was totally lost after 8 days of dark stress. Bacteroid acetylene reduction activity recovered faster than whole plant acetylene reduction activity when …

Effect Of Active Immunization Against Lhrh Or Lh In Boars: Reproductive Consequences And Performance Traits, R. E. Falvo, V. Chandrashekar, R. D. Arthur, A. R. Kuenstler, T. Hasson, C. Awcniyi, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forty crossbred boars were equally divided into eight groups at birth. Four groups were immunized (200 μg/boar) at 12 wk of age against either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to human serum globulin (LHRH-hSG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), LHRH-hSG in muramyldipeptide adjuvant (PEP), procine luteinizing hormone (LH) conjugated to hSG (pLH-hSG) in CFA or ovine LH (oLH) in CFA. Equal doses of boosters were given in either PEP or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at 16 and 18 wk of age. Two groups of boars were immunized with either hSG + CFA or hSG + PEP (adjuvant controls). Two groups …

Growth And Magnesium Uptake Of Tall Fescue Lines At High And Low Potassium Levels, J. H. Edwards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Five tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) clonal lines with diverse root and xylem diameters were grown in nutrient solutions with magnesium (Mg) concentrations of 42, 125 and 250 µm and potassium K concentrations of 133 and 333 µm. Leaf Mg concentrations increased with increasing Mg rates at both low and high K concentrations. The tall fescue line with the largest root and xylem diameters had low leaf Mg concentrations, indicating a possible increased Mg tetany potential when consumed by cattle. The response of the K/(Mg+Ca) ratio in the plant, an indicator of tetany potential, to varying solution Mg at low …

Corn And Soybean Yield Response To Crop Residue Management Under No-Tillage Production Systems, Wallace Wilhelm, J. W. Doran, James F. Power

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Crop residues (stover) have many potential uses by society: food, feed, shelter, fuel, and soil amendment. Use of residues for purposes other than as a soil amendment may have serious negative consequences on crop productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the yield response of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to removal or addition of crop residues under no-tillage management. The study was conducted near Lincoln, NE, on a Crete-Butler silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Arguistoll-Abruptic Argiaquoll) with 1 to 2% slope. Crop residue was collected and weighed immediately …

The Effect Of A Bacteriophage On The Competition Of Rhizobium Japonicum Strains For Nodulation Of Glycine Max (L.) Merr, Lori Kelley

Masters Theses

The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium japonicum (Kir.) Buch. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. was the concern of this thesis. This relationship occurs naturally in soybean fields. In the field there are many different strains of Rhizobium. Some of these strains fix atmospheric nitrogen more efficiently than others resulting in a higher crop yield. The problem is the more efficient nitrogen fixers are out-competed by less efficient nitrogen fixers. In order to solve this problem the more competitive strains have to be controlled. There are two main ways to do this. One is to increase the number of the desired …

Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate Of Tall Fescue-Leaf Area Vs. Leaf Weight Basis, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The basis used for expression of carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER) of single leaves may alter the relative ranking of genotypes being selected for a breeding program. Therefore, field and growth chamber experiments were conducted on 16 genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to determine the relative merit of expressing CER data on a leaf area or leaf weight basis. Genotypes were grown in plots in the field and in pots in the growth chamber. The CER was measured using an infrared gas analyzer. Herbage yield was determined. Significant genotypic variation within experiments was found for CER when …