Agricultural Science Commons^™

Expertos Analizan Impacto Del Cambio Climático En Granos Básicos Y Sorgos Forrajeros En El Salvador, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

En el evento participan profesionales de El Salvador, así como de las universidades de Kansas State y Purdue, de Estados Unidos.

Exponer y analizar los principales efectos derivados del cambio climático en los cultivos de El Salvador, así como el impacto que ha tenido la adopción de variedades forrajeras de sorgo en el país, son los objetivos principales de los foros realizados este miércoles por el Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal “Enrique Álvarez Córdova” (CENTA) con apoyo del Instituto Internacional de Sorgo, Mijo y otros granos (INTSORMIL).

Land Systems Of The Kimberley Region, Western Australia, A L. Payne, N Schoknecht

Technical Bulletins

The Land Systems of the Kimberley Region Report describes and maps the landscapes, soils and vegetation of the Kimberley region. This report is a consolidation of surveys carried out by different organisations, across different areas of the Kimberley, since the 1940s. The Kimberley region, as defined in this bulletin, covers 330 070km². The report categorises the Kimberley region into 111 land systems. Under each land system, the report identifies the vulnerabilities of those areas, and provides recommendations on how to achieve sustainable use. The report also publishes pasture types for the entire region and the grazing potential for each pasture, …

Bacterial Interactions Of Inoculated Price's Potato Bean (Apios Priceana): A Biological Study, Rhonda Walker

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Apios priceana is a native endangered species plant found in the Southeast United States. It is characterized as a leguminous species that bears wisteria like clusters with pea like flowers, a large tuberous root and four to six inch long seed pods. It is believed the Native Americans and early European settlers relied on this species as a source of protein and utilized the seeds for cultivation of the tuberous “potato” which formed. Apios priceana contains an average of 13% fiber, 6.9% protein, 71% carbohydrate and 9 of the 11 essential amino acids needed in human diets (Walter et al.,1986). …

Enhancing Soybean Profitability Using Portfolio Theory, Osemenkhian Cynthia Onyechere

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of utilizing portfolio theory on producers' profitability in the production of soybeans in three test locations - Keiser, Marianna and Rohwer - in Arkansas. The study used empirical yield data, their variances and covariances over a nine year period (2002-2010) in selecting a portfolio of soybean varieties that maintains or increases yield while minimizing the yield risk. Furthermore, carbon emissions associated with soybean production was estimated by modeling the effect of a potential carbon tax as well as the potential benefit of carbon offset payments resulting from carbon sequestration. The …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2011, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Essential Oils Of Cupressus Funebris, Juniperus Communis, And J. Chinensis (Cupressaceae) As Repellents Against Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) And Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) And As Toxicants Against Mosquitoes, John F. Carroll, Nurhayat Tabanca, Matthew H. Kramer, Natasha M. Elejalde, David E. Wedge, Ulrich R. Bernier, Monique Coy, James Becnel, Betul Demirci, Kemal Husnu Can Başer, Jian Zhang, Sui Zhang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Juniperus communis leaf oil, J. chinensis wood oil, and Cupressus funebris wood oil (Cupressaceae) from China were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified 104 compounds, representing 66.8-95.5% of the oils. The major components were: α-pinene (27.0%), α-terpinene (14.0%), and linalool (10.9%) for J. communis; cuparene (11.3%) and δ-cadinene (7.8%) for J. chinensis; and α-cedrene (16.9%), cedrol (7.6%), and β-cedrene (5.7%) for C. funebris. The essential oils of C. funebris, J. chinensis, and J. communis were evaluated for repellency against adult yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.), host-seeking nymphs of the lone …

Rice (Oryza Sativa) Response To Low Glyphosate Rates As Influenced By Cultivar, Growth Stage, And Imazethapyr Applications, Jason R. Meier

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Off-target movement of glyphosate onto rice is a perennial concern when rice is grown in close proximity to glyphosate-tolernat crops. If differential tolerance to sub-lethal rates of glyphosate exists among rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars, these cultivars could be utilized in breeding programs or glyphosate-drift sensitive areas. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to examine differences among rice cultivars in response to sub-lethal rates of glyphosate, and to examine imidazolinone-tolerant rice response to imazethapyr and sub-lethal rates of glyphosate applied sequentially to determine the potential for either herbicide to predispose rice to greater injury. In the field …

Attractants For Insects Such As Flies: United States Patent, Quinn Et Al.- November 2011, Brian P. Quinn, David A. Carlson, Christopher J. Geden, Ulrich R. Bernier, Matthew M. Booth, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A composition containing at least two members of the group consisting of propionic acid, benzoic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2-acetylpyrrole, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentanone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one, and 3-methylbutanal; and water, and optionally a carrier or carrier material. The composition is useful for attracting insects (e.g., flies). A method for attracting insects (e.g., flies) involving treating an object or area with an insect attracting effective amount of the composition described herein.

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Perfomance Tests 2011, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombeck, J. A. Still

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Heritable Epigenetic Variation Among Maize Inbreds, Steve R. Eichten, Ruth A. Swanson, James C. Schnable, Amanda J. Waters, Peter J. Hermanson, Sanzhen Liu, Cheng-Ting Yeh, Yi Jia, Karla Gendler, Michael Freeling, Patrick S. Schnable, Matthew W. Vaughn, Nathan M. Springer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Epigenetic variation describes heritable differences that are not attributable to changes in DNA sequence. There is the potential for pure epigenetic variation that occurs in the absence of any genetic change or for more complex situations that involve both genetic and epigenetic differences. Methylation of cytosine residues provides one mechanism for the inheritance of epigenetic information. A genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in two different genotypes of Zea mays (ssp. mays), an organism with a complex genome of interspersed genes and repetitive elements, allowed the identification and characterization of examples of natural epigenetic variation. The distribution of DNA methylation …

Screenhouse Transmission Of Beauveria Bassiana From Infected To Non-Infected Adults Of Banana Weevil, C. A. Omukoko, J. M. Wesonga, E. M. Kahangi, L. S. Wamocho, K. N. Maniania

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Laboratory studies have revealed great potential of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for use against the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, in banana. Adult banana weevils exposed to wet conidia of Beauveria bassiana suffered high mortalities ranging from 50-70% by 40 days post exposure when a concentration of 1×109 was used in the laboratory with three isolates ICIPE 273, M313 and M207 which were selected on the basis of high virulence against C. sordidus and high sporulation. However, impractical field delivery methods and high costs associated with the application of B. bassiana against C. sordidus prevent its use and commercialisation in banana …

Management Of Alien Invasive Insect Pest Species And Diseases Of Fruits And Vegetables: Experiences From East Africa, B. Nyambo, S. Sevgan, A. Chabi-Olaye, S. Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The East African region is currently struggling to cope with several alien invasive insect pest species (AIS): the diamondback moth (DBM), fruit flies, Liriomyza leafminers, thrips and spider mites to name just a few. These insect pests have wide host range, are difficult to control with synthetic pesticides, and most are of quarantine status. AIS are becoming frequent pests in horticulture production systems, threat to food security, market access and rural livelihoods. The impact of these pests is aggravated by variability in climatic conditions, few taxonomic expertise for accurate and timely identification of new species, inadequate knowledge on viable alternative …

Horticultural Pest Management And The African Economy: Successes, Challenges And Opportunities In A Changing Global Environment, S. Ekesi, A. Chabi-Olaye, S. Subramanian, C. Borgemeister

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In many African countries, horticulture is the fastest growing agricultural sub-sector contributing significantly to national incomes. Diverse vegetables, fruits and spices are grown for domestic and export markets. Horticultural exports in Africa has increased by more than 50% in recent years and currently contributes >20% of agricultural exports by volume and income generation. Despite the growth, production has not kept pace with increasing demand due largely to biotic constraints attributed to arthropod pests. Agricultural research aimed at reducing insect pest damage can lead to increased horticultural production and improved rural livelihoods. icipe in collaboration with National Agricultural Research and Extension …

From The Dean And Director, Gary Pierzynski

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

This issue of the Ag Report has an international theme. It features our efforts to train the Kansas National Guard agribusiness development teams deploying to Afghanistan and some of our international activities in Africa.

Grain Science Honors Alumni And Industry Leaders, Gloria Holcombe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The Department of Grain Science and Industry recognized eight distinguished individuals at its spring luncheon.

Outstanding Service Awards were presented to Aaron Harries, John Khoury,John Mathew, and Jim Rempe. Outstanding Alumni Awards went to Fred Merrill, Bill Pursley, Dale Rodman, and Lloyd Rooney.

Borlaug Fellowship Opens Doors For Rachel Opole [Student Accolades], Mary Lou Peter

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Rachel Opole grew up in Nairobi, Kenya’s capitol, and the K-State doctoral student developed an early interest in livestock and crop production. Those interests, largely influenced by her parents, inspired her desire to improve crops grown to feed people. To enhance her work in that area, Opole earned the Norman E. Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agriculture Program (LEAP) fellowship, administered by the University of California–Davis.

Beneficial Partnerships: K-Staters Conduct Projects Throughout Africa, Gloria Holcombe, Timothy Dalton

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Africa grows many of the same crops as Kansas, including sorghum and wheat. In fact, sorghum germplasm came from Africa, and now Kansas is the No. 1 sorghum producer in the United States.

K-State has expertise in grain storage issues, wheat and grain sorghum milling, and growing crops under dryland and irrigated conditions — vital information for African producers. Faculty secure grant funding to cover travel and other expenses associated with these partnerships. As an added bonus, they bring international experience into the classroom to share with their students. International collaborations help develop networks to share research, establish new markets, …

Plant Pathologist And Grain Scientist Earn K-State’S Highest Honor, Gloria Holcombe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Two innovative College of Agriculture faculty — John Leslie, professor and head of the Department of Plant Pathology, and Xiuzhi “Susan” Sun, professor of grain science and industry — were selected university distinguished professors, a lifetime title and the highest honor K-State bestows on its faculty.

Phenological Development In Two-Row Spring Barley When Grown In A Long-Day (Alberta, Canada) And A Short-Day (Western Australia, Australia) Environment, Blakely Paynter, P E. Juskiw, J H. Helm

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Phenological development in eight cultivars of two-row, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was examined when sown at two dates of seeding in two diverse environments. These environments were a short-day environment at Northam, Western Australia, Australia, in 1997 and a long-day environment at Lacombe, Alberta, Canada, in 1998. The Australian and Canadian barley cultivars used had different combinations of basic vegetative phase and daylength sensitivity. Barley grown at Lacombe reached each stage of phenological development in less time than at Northam. Most noticeable was a shorter duration of the period between seedling emergence to double ridge and between double ridge …

Weed Science Research Summaries 2010, K. L. Smith, J A. Bullington, R. C. Doherty, J. R. Meier

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2010-2011, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, R. D. Bond, E. A. Milus, J. P. Kelley, R. K. Bacon

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

Miscanthus 3 Giganteus Productivity: The Effects Of Management In Different Environments, Matt Maughan, German Bollero, D.K. Lee, Robert Darmody, Stacy Bonos, Laura Cortese, James Murphy, Roch E. Gaussoin, Matthew Sousek, David Williams, Linda Williams, Fernando Miguez, Thomas Voigt

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Miscanthus 9 giganteus is a C4 perennial grass that shows great potential as a high-yielding biomass crop. Scant research has been published that reports M. 9 giganteus growth and biomass yields in different environments in the United States. This study investigated the establishment success, plant growth, and dry biomass yield of M. 9 giganteus during its first three seasons at four locations (Urbana, IL; Lexington, KY; Mead, NE; Adelphia, NJ) in the United States. Three nitrogen rates (0, 60, and 120 kg ha -1) were applied at each location each year. Good survival of M. 9 giganteus during its first …

Effects Of In Situ Freezing On Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization And Net Nitrification In Fertilized Grassland Of Northern China, X. Zhang, W. Bai, Frank S. Gilliam, Q. Wang, X. Han, L. Li

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Effects of soil freezing on nitrogen (N) mineralization have been the subject of increased attention in the ecological literature, though fewer studies have examined N mineralization responses to successive mild freezing, severe freezing and cyclic freeze–thaw events. Even less is known about relationships of responses to soil N status. This study measured soil N mineralization and nitrification in the field along an experimental N gradient in a grassland of northern China during the dormant season (October 2005–April 2006), a period in which freezing naturally occurs. Net N mineralization exhibited great temporal variability, with nitrification being the predominant N transformation process. …

Usda Nutrient Data Set For Retail Beef Cuts, Marybeth L. Duvall, Seema Bhagwat, Juliette C. Howe, Joanne M. Holden, Kristine Y. Patterson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Purpose
This data set provides retailers with a tool to find the most accurate beef nutrient data for the purpose of on-pack nutrition labeling. This data set focuses on the beef cuts identified by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) for nutrition labeling and, in addition, some new Beef Value Cuts.

Introduction
Since 1990’s, nutrient composition data for beef products in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) have been updated regularly. These updates have been important since changes in animal husbandry practices and industry procedures have led to the availability of leaner cuts, as well …

The Role Of A Transcription Factor In Regulating Rice Response To Drought Stress, Diana Ha, Liyuan A. Zhang, Jeffery Shen

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

The current water shortage is a major concern in regard to our global climate change crisis. A decrease in the availability of water will have direct effects on the development of plants. Some crops, such as Oryza sativa, or commonly known as rice, requires an abundant amount of water for adequate growth. With the water shortage crisis, it will become extremely difficult to harvest such crops to meet the world’s food demand. However, many plants have evolved mechanisms for overcoming and tolerating stresses such as drought. My research focuses on studying the proteins involved with these mechanisms. The WRKY superfamily …

Gata-Family Transcription Factors In Magnaporthe Oryzae, Cristian F. Quispe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The filamentous fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, responsible for blast rice disease, destroys around 10-30% of the rice crop annually. Infection begins when the specialized infection structure, the appressorium, generates enormous internal turgor pressure through the accumulation of glycerol. This turgor acts on a penetration peg emerging at the base of the cell, causing it to breach the leaf surface allowing its infection.

The enzyme trehalose-6- phosphate synthase (Tps1) is a central regulator of the transition from appressorium development to infectious hyphal growth. In the first chapter we show that initiation of rice blast disease requires a regulatory mechanism involving an …

B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2010, R. J. Norman, K. A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2010 Rice Research Verification Program ( RRVP) was conducted on twenty-two commercial rice fields across the state. Counties rarticirating in the program included Arkansas, Ashley, Chicot, Clark, Clay, Cross, Desha, Drew, Greene, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lawrence, Lonoke, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett (2 fields), Prairie, Randolph, St. Francis, and White for a total of 1456 acres. Grain yield in the 2010 RRVP averaged 167 bu/acre ranging from 113 to 215 bu/acre. The 2010 RRVP average yield was 25 bu/acre greater than the estimated Arkansas state average of 142 bu/acre. The highest yielding field was in Clay County with a grain yield …

Herbicide-Resistant Risk Assessment: Response Of Common Nebraska Weeds To Dicamba Dose, Roberto J. Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dicamba-resistant soybeans are being developed to provide an additional herbicide mechanism of action that can be used in soybean, and to provide a tool to help manage or mitigate the evolution of other herbicide-resistant weed populations. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the risk of common Nebraska weeds developing resistance to dicamba, quantify baseline dose-response to dicamba of high-risk weed species, and survey the variability in dicamba dose-response among populations of those species. Twenty-five weed scientists were asked to estimate the risk likelihood of ten weed species evolving resistance to dicamba following the commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean. Palmer …

Effects Of Xenobiotics And Phytotoxins On Reproduction In Food Animals, Kip E. Panter, Bryan L. Stegelmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The influence of natural toxicants and anthropogenic compounds on reproduction in food animals is significant in its economic impact, and the subject requires more research and further experimental substantiation. Confounding factors such as stress, nutritional status, season of the year, animal species involved, genetic variability, disease conditions, management factors, and so forth exacerbate the difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis and thereby may impede progress to improve reproductive performance on an individual operation. The interaction between the reproductive system and xenobiotics (reproductive toxicology) is a relatively new area of study and a subject of increasing interest, especially in the area …

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid– Containing Toxic Plants (Senecio, Crotalaria, Cynoglossum, Amsinckia, Heliotropium, And Echium Spp.), Bryan L. Stegelmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Many problematic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants are foreign invasive weeds that invade pastures, fields, and ranges, and contaminate feeds and food. Others are native plants that may increase or expand on field edges or in disturbed areas. Most are unpalatable, only becoming a problem for livestock when alternative forages are unavailable, or when they are included in hay and other harvested feeds. Human poisoning is most often a result of contaminated grain or flour, although several poisonings have resulted from the use of PA-containing herbal preparations. Major PA plants and their specific health-related characteristics are discussed individually.