Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Anaerobic Contributions Are Influenced By Active Muscle Mass And The Applied Methodology In Well-Controlled Muscle Group, Gabriel Luches-Pereira, Carlos A. Kalva-Filho, Marcelo Papoti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 599-615, 2022. The anaerobic metabolism determination is complex and the applied methodologies present limitations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different calculations (MAOD vs. AOD) on the anaerobic contribution using the dynamic knee extension. Twenty-four male were recruited [Mean (SD); age 27 (1) years, body mass 90 (3) kg, height 181 (2) cm]. This study was divided into two independent experiments (EXP_{1: ­}one-legged; EXP₂: two-legged). In both experiments, it was performed a graded exercise test to determine maximal power (MP-GXT); 2-4 submaximal efforts (VO …

Predictors Of Academic Performance In High School Students: The Longitudinal Asap Study, Marie-Maude Dubuc, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Antony D. Karelis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 616-631, 2022. Academic performance is influenced by multitude factors. However, little is known about their relative importance and how they evolve over time. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative importance of cognitive control, physical, psychological and sociological factors as well as lifestyle habits in predicting academic performance in high school students using cross sectional and longitudinal approaches. One hundred and eighty-five grade seventh to ninth students (mean age: 13.1 ± 1.0 years old) from a single high school completed a 3-year prospective study. Academic performance, cognitive control, physical, psychological …

Stimulus Expectancy And Stimulus Response Of Caffeine On 4-Km Running Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled And Crossover Study, Giovanna Rohloff, Diego Souza, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Juan Del Coso, Marcos Polito

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 645-654, 2022. The placebo effect of caffeine has been poorly investigated in endurance exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the placebo effect of caffeine on 4 km running performance in amateur runners. Twenty-two healthy and recreational male runners (25.5 ± 8.4 yrs; 75.0 ± 7.1 kg; 173.7 ± 6.3 cm) underwent a deceptive experimental design consisting of three different sessions: a) control (CON) in which participants did not ingest any substance; b) placebo (PLA) in which participants ingested a capsule filled with maltodextrin but they were informed that they would …

Relationship Between Ground Reaction Force Characteristics And Bone Mineral Density Of The Hip And Spine In Male Runners, Michele Leblanc, Allison Burdullis, Marcus Mckinnon, Steven A. Hawkins

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 655-666, 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between running ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics and hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) values in male runners. Individuals who ran at least 48.3 km per week and were injury-free were recruited. Kistler force plates collected running vertical and anteroposterior GRF data. A Hologic Discovery W bone densitometer measured lumbar spine and five regional hip BMD values. Only runners who consistently used a rear foot strike pattern were included (n = 32). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between BMD …

The Agreement Between A Portable Contact-Mat And Force-Plates During Bilateral Vertical Jumps, Stuart N. Guppy, Yosuke Kotani, Jason P. Lake, Christopher Latella, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Kristina L. Kendall, G. Gregory Haff

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 632-644, 2022. Force plates are commonly used when assessing vertical jumping performance but are not always affordable or practical tools for all testing situations. Twenty-four participants volunteered to take part in a study investigating the agreement between bilateral force plates and a new commercially available contact mat that records jump height, flight-time (FT), and FT of individual limbs during both countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Each participant performed six jumps of each type while standing on a contact mat placed upon a pair of in-ground force plates. When compared to the force plate …

Ankle Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion, Dynamic Balance, And Static Balance In Division Iii Collegiate Gymnasts, Emily Sabo

Master's Theses

Introduction: Artistic gymnastics is a demanding sport composed of high intensity activities. Decreased range of motion can increase the risk of lower extremity injury due to the inability to disperse forces properly upon landing. Landing from a height demands dynamic balance, which may be influenced by ankle range of motion. Due to the complexity of the sport, identifying potential deficits at the ankle could lead to the development of injury prevention programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if correlations exist between active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AROM) and static balance and/or AROM and dynamic balance …

Effects Of A Leucine Supplementation On Mitochondrial Markers In Pre-Cachectic Female Mice, Breanna Williams

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by extreme weight and skeletal muscle loss that results in death in many tumor bearing individuals. Because skeletal muscle requires a high amount of energy to function, skeletal muscle fiber cells need healthy mitochondria to function. When skeletal muscle loss atrophy occurs, the mitochondrial network is degraded. Different treatments for this muscle atrophy are being studied, one of which is a leucine supplementation since leucine has been found to stimulate skeletal muscle growth in other studies. However, current data suggests that a leucine supplementation in cachexic individuals exacerbates this atrophy. PURPOSE: This study …

Effects Of Exercise On Parkinson's Symptom Relief, Brooke Burnett

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

In this review of twenty research articles, the effects of moderate exercise therapy on the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease will be explored. Appropriate literature was located using the research question, “In older adults with a Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis, how does moderate exercise influence the symptoms of this disease?” Twenty peer-reviewed research articles were examined for the impact of different forms of exercise on various symptoms associated with Parkinson’s. Nineteen of the articles reviewed provide substantial evidence in support of exercise therapy as a treatment option for people with Parkinson’s, and one of the articles found inconclusive evidence neither in support …

Examining The Effects Of Oral Contraceptive Use On Thermoregulation, Whitley C. Atkins

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of combined (estradiol and progestin) monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use on thermoregulation. Further, we sought to evaluate OCP use on acute rehydration post-exercise in the heat using recommended rehydration guidelines. Methods: Twelve healthy, aerobically trained (VO2peak = 47.8 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min), long term female oral contraceptive users completed a familiarization trial and two experimental days separated by ≥ 7 days. The two experimental trials were identical except for the hormone dosing phase. One trial was completed during the third week of active pill dosing (ACT) and one during …

Implementing An Exercise Referral Scheme For Promoting Physical Activity In University Mental Health Care, Bryce Daniels

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Introduction. Mental health symptoms and conditions are prevalent and increasing on college campuses with anxiety and depression having the highest increases in prevalence. Many college students are also physically inactive which is problematic as physical activity benefits mental health. Exercise referral schemes (ERS) can promote physical activity, though no studies have investigated the implementation of an ERS within a college counseling center. Purpose. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the implementation of an ERS for promoting physical activity in university mental health care. Methods. Study 1 used a qualitative descriptive design of 14 certified counselors to explore perceptions …

Associations Of Bone Mineral Density With Lean Mass, Fat Mass, And Physical Activity In Young Overweight And Obese Women - A Feasibility Study, Meghan E. Garvey, Ling Shi, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Aviva Must, Laura L. Hayman, Scott E. Crouter, Sarah M. Camhi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 585-598, 2022. To examine the associations between bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and habitual physical activity in women who are overweight/obese. We measured whole-body bone, and body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and total fat percent) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (model General Electric Lunar whole-body scanner) in a diverse group of women (N=48, age 26.6+/-4.7 years, 63% Black) living in an urban setting. The relations between BMD with total fat percent [%]), lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and physical activity were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models, adjusted for …

The Bigger They Are: Relationships Between Body Height And Mass With The Body Drag Task In Law Enforcement Recruits, Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin Marc Orr, Joseph Dulla

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 570-584, 2022. California law enforcement recruits must perform a body drag before they graduate academy. While this task may be challenging for smaller recruits, no research has analyzed height and body mass relationships with the body drag. Data from 643 recruits (542 males, 101 females) who completed the drag in the final weeks of academy were analyzed. The recruits lifted a 74.84-kg, 1.73-m tall dummy and dragged it 9.75 m as quickly as possible. Independent samples t-tests compared the sexes; partial correlations controlling for sex detailed relationships between height and body mass with …

Tri-Set Training System Induces A High Muscle Swelling With Short Time Commitment In Resistance-Trained Subjects: A Cross-Over Study, Julio Benvenutti Bueno De Camargo, Rafael Sakai Zaroni, Antônio Carlos Tavares Júnior, Thiago Pires De Oliveira, Thiago Barbosa Trindade, Charles Ricardo Lopes, Felipe Brigatto

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 561-569, 2022. The purpose of the present study was to assess performance and morphological acute responses to the tri-set (TRI) resistance-training system. In a random order, 18 subjects (years: 30.0 ± 5.6; weight: 81.8 ± 13.4 kg; height: 173 ± 6.2 cm; RT experience: 4.6 ± 1.7 years) performed 3 exercises targeting the pectoralis major muscle in two different experimental conditions: traditional system (TRAD) and TRI. The TRAD protocol referred to the completion of a single exercise set followed by a rest period. For the TRI protocol, one set of each exercise was performed …

Comparison Of Training Load Between Ncaa Diii Tennis Resistance Training, Practices, And Competitions, Lauren Pascadlo

Student Scholar Showcase

Background: There are 7553 NCAA Division III tennis players, who play with less training coordination than elite players. Division III tennis load research is highly underdeveloped with most tennis research focusing on elite players. Additionally, practice training loads must be similar to match training loads so athletes are physically and mentally prepared for competition.

Purpose: To describe the training load in Division III tennis players during strength and conditioning, practices, and competition.

Methods: 7 Male and female division II tennis players attended 2 regularly scheduled practice, competition, and resistance training sessions. Training load was measured as external (GPS data consisting …

Carbonyl Iron Vs Ferrous Sulfate On Blood Iron Markers In Male Division Iii Cross-Country Athletes, Sam Gunter

Student Scholar Showcase

Competitive distance runners are often predisposed to developing iron deficiency. This study aimed to determine if carbonyl iron was more effective at maintaining blood iron markers and minimizing overall fatigue and GI stress than ferrous sulfate. In this randomized, independent groups study, 7 male, division III cross-country athletes were supplemented with either carbonyl iron or ferrous sulfate for 6 weeks. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, subjective GI distress, subjective fatigue, and relative exertion of recent training were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks. Results will be analyzed via a detailed analysis of variance to determine significant differences in outcome measures. Statistical …

Impact Of A Family History Of Hypertension And Physical Activity On Left Ventricular Mass, Evan L. Matthews, Kerry N. Callaghan, Peter A. Hosick, Michael S. Brian

Research Data

A positive family history of hypertension (FHH) (+FHH) is associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Regular physical activity (PA) may eliminate differences in LVM between +FHH and negative family history of hypertension (-FHH) adults. PURPOSE: To determine if a +FHH is associated with a greater LVM compared to a -FHH group within a sample of young, mostly active healthy adults with and without statistically controlling for PA. METHODS: Healthy young (18-32yrs) participants self-reported FHH status and habitual moderate and vigorous PA frequency. Participants then underwent an echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of the 61 participants, 32 (M=11, W=21; non-active=8) reported -FHH and …

Water Intoxication: Current Developments In Hyponatremia, Allison C. Mosmiller

Student Publications

This paper is a review of recent research on the subject of exercise-associated hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is notoriously difficult to diagnose and to treat due to its general symptoms and required specificity in diagnosis in order to assign appropriate treatment. If left untreated, Hyponatremia can result in the development of complications like cerebral edema, seizures, coma, and sometimes death. The pathogenesis of hyponatremia includes multiple proposed mechanisms, including overconsumption of hypotonic fluids, inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone, inefficiency of fluid filtration by the kidneys, redirection of fluid into intestinal lumen, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia …

Extreme Exposure To Cold: A Method To Enhance Physical Wellness And Recovery, Mallory E. Duggan

Student Publications

This paper reviews the current literature on Cryotherapy and its ability to enhance physical wellness and recovery. The paper details the proposed mechanisms of Cryotherapy as well as its various clinical applications regarding the treatment of numerous diseases and physical exercise recovery. The paper also details the possible limitations/detrimental effects of Cryotherapy usage.

Determine Speed Performance Of Young Football Players Via Correlation Analyze, Shokhrukh Erkinov, Ildar Kushbakhtiev, Orif Erdonov, Vokhidjon Makhmudov

Karakalpak Scientific Journal

Problem Statement: Study the optimal relationship between the general and special speed performance of 14-17-year-old football players, taking into account their age characteristics and determining correlation relationship of the general and special speed performance.

Approach: As the object of the research, was chosen to study the development of general and special speed performance of 48 of football players of the SSOR (State school of the Olympic reserve, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan) aged 14 to 17 years, 12 football players in each group (total n=48).

Purpose: The research studies of the correlation relationship of general and special physical performance by …

Differences In Stronger Versus Weaker Firefighters In Selected Measures Of Power, Quincy Johnson, J. Jay Dawes, Melissa Uftring, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Davis Hale, Gabriel J. Sanders, Will Peveler, Roger O. Kollock

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 552-560, 2022. Firefighters are required to perform a wide array of physically demanding job tasks, such as forcible entry, charged hose advances and victim extractions. An adequate level of muscular strength and power are required to successfully perform these tasks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in stronger and weaker firefighters in measures of power. Archived data for twenty-seven (age = 34.3 ± 7.9 yr, body height = 176.3 ± 7.2 cm, body mass = 89.4 ± 15.7 kg) full-time firefighters were analyzed. Participants were placed into one of two …

Effects Of Six-Week Periodized Versus Non-Periodized Kettlebell Swing Training On Strength, Power And Muscular Endurance, Evaldo Rui Tavares Santos Junior, Belmiro De Salles, Ingrid Dias, Roberto Simão, Jeff Willardson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 526-540, 2022. The purpose of this study was to compare a periodized versus a non- periodized protocol of kettlebell (KTB) swings over six weeks on strength, power, and muscular endurance. Twenty-eight high intensity functional training (HIFT) practitioners were assigned to non- periodized (NPG = 11), periodized (PG = 11), or control groups (CG = 6). NPG used the same load (20 kg) throughout the training period while the PG used a step loading progression (with an added four kilograms every two weeks). Measures of strength and muscular endurance in the deadlift exercise, and power …

Effect Of Different Numbers Of Interset Antagonist Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching On The Total Number Of Repetitions For The Agonists, Humberto Miranda, Aline Aparecida De Oliveira, Juliana Soares Dos Santos Ribeiro, Fabio Henrique De Freitas, Juliana Brandão Pinto De Castro, Renato L. Alvarenga, Jeff Willardson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 498-506, 2022. Recent studies have observed that stretching applied to antagonist muscles can promote improvement in agonist muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different numbers of interset proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching for the antagonists on the total number of repetitions completed for the agonists (quadriceps) in the leg extension exercise. Fourteen physically active individuals (age: 29.35 ± 10.5 years; body mass: 79.1 ± 11.34 kg; height: 170.4 ± 8.7 cm) participated in this study. The following experimental protocols were performed: 1) Traditional protocol (Traditional) …

Pre-Exhaustion Training, A Narrative Review Of The Acute Responses And Chronic Adaptations, Thiago Trindade, Ragami Alves, Bruno De Castro, Matheus De Medeiros, Jason De Medeiros, Paulo Dantas, Jonato Prestes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 507-525, 2022. Pre-exhaustion (PE) is a popular resistance training strategy that involves performing a single-joint exercise followed by a multi-joint exercise with minimal recovery between the transition. This approach is widely used by bodybuilding athletes and resistance training (RT) enthusiasts with the aim of enhancing muscle strength and hypertrophy. The present paper aimed to provide a narrative review as to the effects of the PE method on different acute and chronic outcomes, and discuss relevant practical applications. When considering the body of literature as a whole, we conclude that current evidence does not support …

Electromyographic Examination Of Hip And Knee Extension Hex Bar Exercises Varied By Starting Knee And Torso Angles, Edward Jo, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Whitney Leyva, Jennifer Rivera, Kalin Tomlinson, Elisabeth Zetiz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 541-551, 2022. Variations of the deadlift can be executed using the hexagonal (hex) bar by altering, for instance, the knee and torso angles while maintaining a constant hip angle at the start position. PURPOSE: To examine muscle activation patterns of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae during three deadlift variations using the hex bar. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained male and female subjects performed hex bar deadlift variations in three different starting knee flexion positions: 128.4 ± 8.5°, 111.9 ± 8.7°, and 98.3 ± 6.5°. Subjects performed three repetitions at 75% of their three-repetition …

In This Issue (13:4), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Greetings, IJARE readers and welcome to the fourth issue of Volume 13. I admit being quite excited about this issue. It is jam-packed with outstanding papers from six different countries that deserve your readership and attention.

Assessment Of Relationships Between External Load Metrics And Game Performance In Women’S Lacrosse, Libby Bynum, Ronald Snarr Jr., Bradley Myers 8931361, Jennifer A. Bunn

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 488-497, 2022. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between external load metrics with game performance for Division I collegiate female lacrosse. Data were collected using microtechnology during 26 games with 13 athletes (attackers n = 5, midfielders n = 8). External load variables included: total distance (TD), distance rate (DR), high-intensity (HI) distance, speed, HI sprints, accelerations, decelerations, metabolic equivalent distance (MED), and sprints. For attackers, goals, points, shots, and shots on goal (SOG) had low, positive associations with TD (r = 0.32 to 0.42) and MED (r …

Evaluating Novel Methods Of Classifying Interlimb Asymmetries Within Collegiate American Football Players, Nicolas M. Philipp, Derek A. Crawford, Matthew J. Garver, H. Scott Strohmeyer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 473-487, 2022. Over the last few years, researchers and sport scientists have expressed an increased interest in the effects of interlimb asymmetry on aspects of sport performance such as jumping, sprinting, and changing direction. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of three different means of classifying asymmetry to highlight if a 6-week resistance training intervention can meaningfully reduce levels of asymmetry, and to determine the relation between asymmetry reduction and improvements in change of direction (CoD) performance, if any. Eighteen, division-two collegiate American football skill position players completed all pre- and post-intervention …

Acute Ingestion Of A Commercially Available Pre-Workout Supplement Improves Anaerobic Power Output And Reduces Muscular Fatigue, Sotiris Panayi, Andy Galbraith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 455-472, 2022. The effect of a pre-workout supplement on anaerobic power output and muscular fatigue was examined. 18 participants took part in this double-blinded crossover study, reporting for testing on 3 occasions. Participants completed a 6x6 second repeated sprint test, with 20s recovery between sprints. Anaerobic power output was recorded as the highest power achieved during sprint test. Muscular fatigue was reported as a fatigue index across the six sprints ((maximum power – minimum power) ÷ total sprint time). During a baseline visit, participants consumed 250ml of water 30 minutes prior to testing, whilst …

High-Risk Environmental Conditions Attenuates Performance Efficiency Index In Ncaa Di Female Soccer Players, Maxine Furtado Mesa, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda, Michael J. Redd, Adam J. Wells

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 442-454, 2022. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on running performance and performance efficiency index (Effindex). Performance data recorded using Polar Team Pro sensors from eight collegiate female soccer players in nine matches were analyzed during the 2019 competitive season. Effindex and running performance, including total distance covered (TD_REL) and distance covered in five speed thresholds relative to minutes played, were examined for indications of fatigue with respect to environmental conditions, including ambient temperature and relative humidity. Matches were separated into three groups based on …

The Impact Of Early Morning Training Sessions On Total Sleep Time In Collegiate Athletes, Brandon Merfeld, Austin Mancosky, Joel Luedke, Shalynn Griesmer, Jacob Erickson, Victoria Carvalho, Andrew R. Jagim

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 423-433, 2022. Early morning training sessions may affect sleep quantity in athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in total sleep time of collegiate athletes on nights prior to early morning training sessions relative to non-training nights. Wristwatch monitors equipped with photoplethysmography and accelerometer technology were worn by 18 NCAA Division III collegiate athletes (Age: 20.1 ± 1.6 years, Height: 1.81 ± 0.02 m, Body Mass: 91.2 ± 6.5 kg, Body Fat %: 20.8 ± 1.6%) during a two-week period of training to monitor total sleep times. Athletes recorded time in …