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Articles 5611 - 5640 of 5811

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Role Of Glycine Receptor In Protecting Cells During Blood Depletion (Ischemia), Hui Zhang Aug 2004

Role Of Glycine Receptor In Protecting Cells During Blood Depletion (Ischemia), Hui Zhang

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research project aims to determine the role of glycine receptor (GlyR) in the protection of plasma membrane of ischemic cells. Plasma membrane disruption is a progressive process during ischemia. Once plasma membrane becomes permeable to macromolecules, the cell injuries are irreversible. Ischemia can be modeled in the lab by using ATP-depletion medium. Previous results have shown that glycine (Gly) in extracellular medium prevents membrane permeabilization during ischemia. These studies suggest that the protection by glycine might be mediated by its binding to GlyR. But this hypothesis has never been confirmed. This study shows that glycine cannot protect HEK.293 cells …

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Sexually Dimorphic Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Cognition, Hormonal Responses, And Central Neurotransmitters, Rachel E. Bowman, Neil J. Maclusky, Yessenia Sarmiento, Maya Frankfurt, Marisa Gordon, Victoria N. Luine Aug 2004

Sexually Dimorphic Effects Of Prenatal Stress On Cognition, Hormonal Responses, And Central Neurotransmitters, Rachel E. Bowman, Neil J. Maclusky, Yessenia Sarmiento, Maya Frankfurt, Marisa Gordon, Victoria N. Luine

Psychology Faculty Publications

Exposure to stress during gestation results in physiological and behavioral alterations that persist into adulthood. This study examined the effects of prenatal stress on the postnatal expression of sexually differentiated cognitive, hormonal, and neurochemical profiles in male and female rats. Pregnant dams were subjected to restraint stress three times daily for 45 min during d 14-21 of pregnancy. The offspring of control and prenatally stressed dams were tested for anxiety-related and cognitive behaviors, stress and gonadal steroid hormone levels, as well as monoamines and metabolite levels in selected brain regions. Postnatal testosterone levels (measured at 1 and 5 d) did …

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The Great Escape: Phosphorylation Of Ena/Vasp By Pka Promotes Filopodial Formation, Timothy M. Gomez, Estuardo Robles Apr 2004

The Great Escape: Phosphorylation Of Ena/Vasp By Pka Promotes Filopodial Formation, Timothy M. Gomez, Estuardo Robles

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

The Ena/VASP family of proteins consists of adaptor molecules that localize to subcellular sites of actin polymerization. The role of Ena/VASP proteins in the regulation of cell motility and axon outgrowth has been controversial. Recently, these proteins have been proposed to function as "anticapping" factors, which may have differential effects on filopodial versus lammelipodial actin-based protrusions. A study by Lebrand et al. in this issue of Neuron supports this model and identifies PKA as a key regulator of Ena/VASP function downstream of the chemoattractant Netrin.

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Measuring Salivary Cortisol In The Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Brian A. Kalman, Ruth E. Grahn Apr 2004

Measuring Salivary Cortisol In The Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Brian A. Kalman, Ruth E. Grahn

Psychology Faculty Publications

As instructors who teach laboratory courses in biological psychology/behavioral neuroscience, we have often been at a loss to find appropriate experiments where students are able to play both the role of experimenter and subject. The difficulty arises because there are few biological parameters representing CNS activity that can ethically be examined in human participants. As a result, the go-to experiments that allow students to act as both experimenter and subject tend to be electrophysiological in nature (e.g., EEG, GSR, etc.). It was our desire to create a laboratory module that would allow students to collect and analyze a biochemical measure …

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Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Arshad Khan, Alan Watts Jan 2004

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Arshad Khan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Enhanced Operant Self-Administration Of Alcohol In Wistar Rats Receiving Intermittent Versus Continuous Alcohol Vapor Exposure, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Enhanced Operant Self-Administration Of Alcohol In Wistar Rats Receiving Intermittent Versus Continuous Alcohol Vapor Exposure, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Ethanol-Induced Increases In Neuroactive Steroids In The Rat Brain And Plasma Are Absent In Adrenalectomized And Gonadectomized Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Ethanol-Induced Increases In Neuroactive Steroids In The Rat Brain And Plasma Are Absent In Adrenalectomized And Gonadectomized Rats, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Serotonin1b Receptors In The Ventral Tegmental Area Modulate Cocaine-Induced Elevations Of Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Serotonin1b Receptors In The Ventral Tegmental Area Modulate Cocaine-Induced Elevations Of Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Neurobiological Mechanisms In The Transition From Drug Use To Drug Dependence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Neurobiological Mechanisms In The Transition From Drug Use To Drug Dependence, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Neurologically Plausible Distinctions In Cognition Relevant To Drug Use Etiology And Prevention, Alan W. Stacy, Susan L. Ames, Barbara J. Knowlton Jan 2004

Neurologically Plausible Distinctions In Cognition Relevant To Drug Use Etiology And Prevention, Alan W. Stacy, Susan L. Ames, Barbara J. Knowlton

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This article outlines several distinctions in cognition and related topics in emotion that receive support from work in cognitive neuroscience and have important implications for prevention: implicit cognition, working memory, nonverbal memory, and neurobiological systems of habit. These distinctions have not been widely acknowledged or applied in drug use prevention research, despite their neural plausibility and the availability of methods to make this link. The authors briefly review the basis for the distinctions and indicate general implications and assessment possibilities for prevention researchers conducting large-scale field trials. Subsequently, the article outlines a connectionist framework for specific applications in prevention interventions. …

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Changes In Gdnf Protein Content Of Skeletal Muscle Following Involuntary Exercise Are Long Lived, Kyle R. Kinnell, Monica J. Czarnopys, John Spitsbergen Jan 2004

Changes In Gdnf Protein Content Of Skeletal Muscle Following Involuntary Exercise Are Long Lived, Kyle R. Kinnell, Monica J. Czarnopys, John Spitsbergen

Biological Sciences Faculty and Graduate Student Research

Glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor produced by skeletal muscle. GDNF has been shown to be potent survival factor for motor neurons. We have previously shown that GDNF content in skeletal muscle is altered following exercise and GDNF levels 24 hours after the last bout of exercise are significantly different than those measured immediately after exercise. We sought to determine how long after exercise do GDNF protein levels remain altered. We removed extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and Soleus (SOL), 24 hr, 72 hr and 1 week following the last bout of involuntary exercise. Muscles were processed …

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Neuroplasticity And Functional Recovery: Training Models And Compensatory Strategies In Music Therapy, Felicity Baker, Edward A. Roth Jan 2004

Neuroplasticity And Functional Recovery: Training Models And Compensatory Strategies In Music Therapy, Felicity Baker, Edward A. Roth

BRAIN Lab Research

New research developments in the recovery of function following neurological trauma as well as basic and applied research relevant to music perception and production, seem to point to the suggestion that specific music therapy interventions that directly address the restoration of function as opposed to developing compensatory mechanisms, in certain circumstances, may now be a more appropriate treatment approach. We will address the issue of appropriate timing for the introduction of each strategy and discuss potential outcomes of each approach. As one might imagine, much of this research is published in the neurological journals, which music therapists may not regularly …

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Ethanol-Induced Increases In Neuroactive Steroids In The Rat Brain And Plasma Are Absent In Adrenalectomized And Gonadectomized Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Ethanol-Induced Increases In Neuroactive Steroids In The Rat Brain And Plasma Are Absent In Adrenalectomized And Gonadectomized Rats, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Serotonin1b Receptors In The Ventral Tegmental Area Modulate Cocaine-Induced Elevations Of Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Serotonin1b Receptors In The Ventral Tegmental Area Modulate Cocaine-Induced Elevations Of Dopamine Release In The Nucleus Accumbens, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Khan, Alan Watts Jan 2004

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Khan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

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Loss-Of-Function Analysis Of Epha Receptors In Retinotectal Mapping, David Feldheim, Masaru Nakamoto, Miriam Osterfield, Nicholas Gale, Thomas Dechiara, Rajat Rohatgi, George Yancopoulos, John Flanagan Jan 2004

Loss-Of-Function Analysis Of Epha Receptors In Retinotectal Mapping, David Feldheim, Masaru Nakamoto, Miriam Osterfield, Nicholas Gale, Thomas Dechiara, Rajat Rohatgi, George Yancopoulos, John Flanagan

Biology Faculty Publications

EphA tyrosine kinases are thought to act as topographically specific receptors in the well-characterized projection map from the retina to the tectum. Here, we describe a loss-of-function analysis of EphA receptors in retinotectal mapping. Expressing patches of a cytoplasmically truncated EphA3 receptor in chick retina caused temporal axons to have reduced responsiveness to posterior tectal repellent activity in vitro  and to shift more posteriorly within the map in vivo . A gene disruption of mouse EphA5, replacing the intracellular domain with beta-galactosidase, reduced in vitro  responsiveness of temporal axons to posterior target membranes. It also caused map abnormalities in vivo …

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Visual Enhancing Of Tactile Perception In The Posterior Parietal Cortex, Tony Ro, Ruth Wallace, Judith Hagedorn, Alessandro Farnè, Elizabeth Pienkos Jan 2004

Visual Enhancing Of Tactile Perception In The Posterior Parietal Cortex, Tony Ro, Ruth Wallace, Judith Hagedorn, Alessandro Farnè, Elizabeth Pienkos

Publications and Research

The visual modality typically dominates over our other senses. Here we show that after inducing an extreme conflict in the left hand between vision of touch (present) and the feeling of touch (absent), sensitivity to touch increases for several minutes after the conflict. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex after this conflict not only eliminated the enduring visual enhancement of touch, but also impaired normal tactile perception. This latter finding demonstrates a direct role of the parietal lobe in modulating tactile perception as a result of the conflict between these senses. These results provide evidence for visual-to-tactile perceptual …

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Neurobiological Mechanisms In The Transition From Drug Use To Drug Dependence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2004

Neurobiological Mechanisms In The Transition From Drug Use To Drug Dependence, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Training And Melodic Features On Mode Perception, Amber M. Leaver, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2004

Effects Of Training And Melodic Features On Mode Perception, Amber M. Leaver, Andrea R. Halpern

Faculty Journal Articles

The two modes most widely used in Western music today convey opposite moods—a distinction that nonmusicians and even young children are able to make. However, the current studies provide evidence that, despite a strong link between mode and affect, mode perception is problematic. Nonmusicians found mode discrimination to be harder than discrimination of other melodic features, and they were not able to accurately classify major and minor melodies with these labels. Although nonmusicians were able to classify major and minor melodies using affective labels, they performed at chance in mode discrimination. Training, in the form of short lessons given to …

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Behavioral And Neural Correlates Of Perceived And Imagined Musical Timbre, Andrea R. Halpern, Robert J. Zattore, Marc Bouffard, Jennifer A. Johnson Jan 2004

Behavioral And Neural Correlates Of Perceived And Imagined Musical Timbre, Andrea R. Halpern, Robert J. Zattore, Marc Bouffard, Jennifer A. Johnson

Faculty Journal Articles

The generality of findings implicating secondary auditory areas in auditory imagery was tested by using a timbre imagery task with fMRI. Another aim was to test whether activity in supplementary motor area (SMA) seen in prior studies might have been related to subvocalization. Participants with moderate musical background were scanned while making similarity judgments about the timbre of heard or imagined musical instrument sounds. The critical control condition was a visual imagery task. The pattern of judgments in perceived and imagined conditions was similar, suggesting that perception and imagery access similar cognitive representations of timbre. As expected, judgments of heard …

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The Role Of Facial Pits In The Thermoregulatory Behavior Of Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) Behavioral, Ecological And Phylogenetic Perspectives, Aaron R. Krochmal Dec 2003

The Role Of Facial Pits In The Thermoregulatory Behavior Of Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) Behavioral, Ecological And Phylogenetic Perspectives, Aaron R. Krochmal

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) possess unique sensory organs, the facial pits, capable of sensing subtle fluctuations in thermal radiation. Prey acquisition has long been regarded as the sole function of the facial pits. However, the ability to sense thermal radiation could also direct thermoregulatory behavior by remotely sensing nearby surface temperatures. Using a series ofbehavioral arenas of varying spatial complexity and ecological relevance, I surveyed the ability of western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) to direct successful thermoregulatory movements with either functional or disabled facial pits. I found that western diamondback rattlesnakes could base thermoregulatory decisions on thermal radiation cues when their …

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Tongue Movements In Feeding And Speech, Karen M. Hiiemae, Jeffrey B. Palmer Nov 2003

Tongue Movements In Feeding And Speech, Karen M. Hiiemae, Jeffrey B. Palmer

Biomedical and Chemical Engineering - All Scholarship

The position of the tongue relative to the upper and lower jaws is regulated in part by the position of the hyoid bone, which, with the anterior and posterior suprahyoid muscles, controls the angulation and length of the floor of the mouth on which the tongue body 'rides'. The instantaneous shape of the tongue is controlled by the 'extrinsic muscles ' acting in concert with the 'intrinsic ' muscles. Recent anatomical research in non-human mammals has shown that the intrinsic muscles can best be regarded as a 'laminated segmental system ' with tightly packed layers of the 'transverse', 'longitudinal', and …

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Il-23 Produced By Cns-Resident Cells Controls T Cell Encephalitogenicity During The Effector Phase Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Burkhard Becher, Brigit G. Durell, Randolph J. Noelle Oct 2003

Il-23 Produced By Cns-Resident Cells Controls T Cell Encephalitogenicity During The Effector Phase Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Burkhard Becher, Brigit G. Durell, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

CNS-resident cells, in particular microglia and macrophages, are a source of inflammatory cytokines during inflammation within the CNS. Expression of IL-23, a recently discovered cytokine, has been shown to be critical for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Expression of the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 by microglia has been shown in situ and in vitro, but direct evidence for a functional significance of p40 expression by CNS cells during an immune response in vivo is still lacking. Here we report that p40 plays a critical role in maintaining encephalitogenicity during the disease course. By using …

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An Online Lab Manual For Neurophysiology, Richard F. Olivo Oct 2003

An Online Lab Manual For Neurophysiology, Richard F. Olivo

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

A combination of student interest, a grant for computers, and a suggestion from a colleague led me to convert the printed lab manual for my neurophysiology course into an online version. The web-based version incorporates videos of procedures, color photos, diagrams, links to articles, and other supplementary materials. This paper discusses designing for the web, retaining compatibility with print, layering information, making videos in digital format, and sharing self-published resources. The labs themselves (appendix) are traditional “wet” experiments with crayfish that have been used in many neurobiology courses.

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Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller Sep 2003

Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examined the effects of proton and gamma radiation on a dopamine-dependent sensory gating mechanism: prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. The purpose of this research was to describe potential hazards of proton radiation to the central nervous system in long-term space fight and for proton therapy patients. Results from previous research indicate that startle behavior is modified by proton and iron radiation. Forty-eight 10-½ week old, male C57BL/6 mice were used to characterize the optimal parameters for the model (prepulse duration, probe duration, and stimulus-onset-asynchrony). Three hundred and fifty two mice were used to characterize the time course …

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Exploring Brain-Based Learning As A Basis For Developing Technology Education Curriculum, Adam G. Saltmarsh Jul 2003

Exploring Brain-Based Learning As A Basis For Developing Technology Education Curriculum, Adam G. Saltmarsh

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

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A Research Agenda For Political Personality And Leadership Studies: An Evolutionary Proposal, Aubrey Immelman, Theodore Millon Jun 2003

A Research Agenda For Political Personality And Leadership Studies: An Evolutionary Proposal, Aubrey Immelman, Theodore Millon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Despite major neuroscientific advances in the past two decades and parallel conceptual refinement in evolutionary theory, personality-in-politics inquiry remains adrift, divorced from these broader spheres of scientific knowledge. This paper reviews the neurobiological substrates of three major domains of evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology relevant to political personality assessment and the psychological examination of political leaders; furnishes a context and set of guiding ideas to revitalize the study of the person as biopsychosocial entity in politics; advances a generative theory of personality and political leadership performance; and proposes an agenda for advancing personality-in-politics and leadership inquiry, informed by insights derived …

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Filopodial Calcium Transients Regulate Growth Cone Motility And Guidance Through Local Activation Of Calpain, Estuardo Robles, Anna Huttenlocher, Timothy M. Gomez May 2003

Filopodial Calcium Transients Regulate Growth Cone Motility And Guidance Through Local Activation Of Calpain, Estuardo Robles, Anna Huttenlocher, Timothy M. Gomez

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Spontaneous intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients in growth cone filopodia reduce filopodial motility, slow neurite outgrowth, and promote turning when generated asymmetrically; however, the downstream effectors of these Ca2+-dependent behaviors are unknown. We report that Ca2+ transients in filopodia activate the intracellular protease calpain, which slows neurite outgrowth and promotes repulsive growth cone turning upon local activation. Active calpain alters the balance between tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities in filopodia, resulting in a net decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation, which mediates both filopodial stabilization and reduced lamellipodial protrusion. Our findings indicate that locally generated Ca2+ signals repel axon outgrowth through calpain-dependent regulation …

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