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2001

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Articles 1 - 13 of 13

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Bipolar Cells Contribute To Nonlinear Spatial Summation In The Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell In Mammalian Retina, Jonathan B. Demb, Kareem Zaghloul, Loren Haarsma, Peter Sterling Oct 2001

Bipolar Cells Contribute To Nonlinear Spatial Summation In The Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell In Mammalian Retina, Jonathan B. Demb, Kareem Zaghloul, Loren Haarsma, Peter Sterling

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The receptive field of the Y-ganglion cell comprises two excitatory mechanisms: one integrates linearly over a narrow field, and the other integrates nonlinearly over a wide field. The linear mechanism has been attributed to input from bipolar cells, and the nonlinear mechanism has been attributed to input from a class of amacrine cells whose nonlinear "subunits" extend across the linear receptive field and beyond. However, the central component of the nonlinear mechanism could in theory be driven by bipolar input if that input were rectified. Recording intracellularly from the Y-cell in guinea pig retina, we blocked the peripheral component of …

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Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal Oct 2001

Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal

Publications and Research

We examined the effects of chronic unilateral lesions to either the inferior parietal lobe, or to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), upon human visual perception and saccades in temporal-order-judgment (TOJ) tasks. Two visual events were presented on each trial, one in each hemifield at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In the saccade task, patients moved their eyes to whichever stimulus attracted gaze first. In the perceptual-manual task, they pressed a button to indicate which stimulus was perceived first. Frontal patients showed appropriate TOJs for visual targets in both tasks. Parietal patients showed appropriate TOJs in …

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Synaptic Heterogeneity And Stimulus-Induced Modulation Of Depression In Central Synapses, John D. Hunter, John Milton Aug 2001

Synaptic Heterogeneity And Stimulus-Induced Modulation Of Depression In Central Synapses, John D. Hunter, John Milton

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Short-term plasticity is a pervasive feature of synapses. Synapses exhibit many forms of plasticity operating over a range of time scales. We develop an optimization method that allows rapid characterization of synapses with multiple time scales of facilitation and depression. Investigation of paired neurons that are postsynaptic to the same identified interneuron in the buccal ganglion of Aplysia reveals that the responses of the two neurons differ in the magnitude of synaptic depression. Also, for single neurons, prolonged stimulation of the presynaptic neuron causes stimulus-induced increases in the early phase of synaptic depression. These observations can be described by a …

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Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive High-Frequency Burst Firing In Supragranular Cortical Neurons, Joshua C. Brumberg, Lionel G. Nowak, David A. Mccormick Jun 2001

Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive High-Frequency Burst Firing In Supragranular Cortical Neurons, Joshua C. Brumberg, Lionel G. Nowak, David A. Mccormick

Publications and Research

Neocortical neurons in awake, behaving animals can generate high-frequency (.300 Hz) bursts of action potentials, either in single bursts or in a repetitive manner. Intracellular recordings of layer II/III pyramidal neurons were obtained from adult ferret visual cortical slices maintained in vitro to investigate the ionic mechanisms by which a subgroup of these cells generates repetitive, high-frequency burst discharges, a pattern referred to as “chattering.” The generation of each but the first action potential in a burst was dependent on the critical interplay between the afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and afterdepolarizations (ADPs) that followed each action potential. The spike after depolarization and …

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Neuromotor And Cognitive Development In Children With Cerebral Palsy In Relation To Neural Plasticity, Vaniecea Pollard May 2001

Neuromotor And Cognitive Development In Children With Cerebral Palsy In Relation To Neural Plasticity, Vaniecea Pollard

McCabe Thesis Collection

Infants with neurological disabilities, such as cerebral palsy (CP) and Down syndrome (DS), show severe delays in motor and cognitive development relative to chronological age. Involvement of neural plasticity as a treatment of such neurological disorders is increasingly being seen. Previous studies have found that interventions involving sensory linked motor performance have been critical in facilitating motor improvement. The purpose of this study was to compare self-initiated mobility in children with CP and DS. Three infants, ages 8, 9, and 22 months, with diagnoses of no CP, DS, and CP respectively, participated in the study. The infants were videotaped in …

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Leader In Love Ii, Ibpp Editor Apr 2001

Leader In Love Ii, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article continues the analysis of the political consequences of leaders in love.

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A Twins Study Of Communicative Adaptability: Heritability Of Individual Differences, Michael J. Beatty, Lenora A. Marshall, Jill E. Rudd Jan 2001

A Twins Study Of Communicative Adaptability: Heritability Of Individual Differences, Michael J. Beatty, Lenora A. Marshall, Jill E. Rudd

Communication Faculty Publications

Recently, a model of communication theory and research has appeared in the literature within which stable individual differences in communication behavior represent individual differences in activation thresholds of neurobiological systems. The neurobiological systems thought to underly communication traits and behavior are assumed to be primarily due to genetic inheritance. As such, the model assigns a limited role to adaptability in social situations, instead positing communication adaptability as an inherited trait. In the present study, heritability estimates for the dimensions of communicative adaptability were derived from correlations based on identical and fraternal twins' responses to a multidimensional communicative adaptability measure. Results …

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Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2001

Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern

Faculty Contributions to Books

No abstract provided.

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Estrogen Influences On The Developing Rat Hippocampus Through Interactions With The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And P160 Coactivator Proteins, Derek Tyler Solum Jan 2001

Estrogen Influences On The Developing Rat Hippocampus Through Interactions With The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor And P160 Coactivator Proteins, Derek Tyler Solum

Dissertations

In addition to their primary role in the maintenance and regulation of reproductive capacity, ovarian steroid hormones acting through specific nuclear receptors influence more general neurobiological functions, such as perceptual-spatial skills and learning and memory. Estrogens act to alter certain aspects of cognitive performance and pathology such as epileptic seizure activity and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, ovarian steroids act during development to alter the neuronal cytoarchitecture and synaptic connectivity. These early influences of steroids on the brain are essentially permanent and in part determine the steroid responsiveness of the adult brain. The mechanism and sites of action for the effects of …

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Cakß/Pyk2 Kinase Is A Signaling Link For Induction Of Long-Term Potentiation In Ca1 Hippocampus, Yueqiao Huang, Wei-Yang Lu, Declan W. Ali, Kenneth A. Pelkey, Graham M. Pitcher, You Ming Lu, Hiroshi Aoto, John C. Roder, Terukatsu Sasaki, Michael W. Salter Jan 2001

Cakß/Pyk2 Kinase Is A Signaling Link For Induction Of Long-Term Potentiation In Ca1 Hippocampus, Yueqiao Huang, Wei-Yang Lu, Declan W. Ali, Kenneth A. Pelkey, Graham M. Pitcher, You Ming Lu, Hiroshi Aoto, John C. Roder, Terukatsu Sasaki, Michael W. Salter

PCOM Scholarly Works

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic efficacy, considered a model of learning and memory. The biochemical cascade producing LTP requires activation of Src, which upregulates the function of NMDA receptors (NMDARs), but how Src becomes activated is unknown. Here, we show that the focal adhesion kinase CAKß/Pyk2 upregulated NMDAR function by activating Src in CA1 hippocampal neurons. Induction of LTP was prevented by blocking CAKß/Pyk2, and administering CAKß/Pyk2 intracellularly mimicked and occluded LTP. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CAKß/Pyk2 and its association with Src was increased by stimulation that produced LTP. Finally, CAKß/Pyk2-stimulated enhancement of synaptic AMPA responses was …

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Absolute Pitch And Planum Temporale, Julian P. Keenan, Van Thangaraj, Andrea R. Halpern, Gottfried Schlaug Jan 2001

Absolute Pitch And Planum Temporale, Julian P. Keenan, Van Thangaraj, Andrea R. Halpern, Gottfried Schlaug

Faculty Journal Articles

An increased leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) in absolute-pitch (AP) musicians has been previously reported, with speculation that early exposure to music influences the degree of PT asymmetry. To test this hypothesis and to determine whether a larger left PT or a smaller right PT actually accounts for the increased overall PT asymmetry in AP musicians, anatomical magnetic resonance images were taken from a right-handed group of 27 AP musicians, 27 nonmusicians, and 22 non-AP musicians. A significantly greater leftward PT asymmetry and a significantly smaller right absolute PT size for the AP musicians compared to the two …

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Evolutionary Analysis In Law: Some Objections Considered, Owen D. Jones Jan 2001

Evolutionary Analysis In Law: Some Objections Considered, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article appears in a special issue of the Brooklyn Law Review on DNA: Lessons from the Past - Problems for the Future. It first addresses why law needs insights from behavioral biology, and then identifies and responds to a variety of structural and conceptual barriers to such evolutionary analysis in law.

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Olfactory Behavior In Apoe Knockout Mice, John P. Yost Jan 2001

Olfactory Behavior In Apoe Knockout Mice, John P. Yost

Masters Theses

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a lipid transporting protein, has been shown to play a vital role in nerve repair and remodeling. Since the olfactory system is in a continuous state of remodeling, the present study tested the hypothesis that apoE is required for normal functioning of the olfactory system. Olfactory function of the wild type (WT) and apoE deficient (apoE KO) mice was assessed by using three standard olfactory tests: 1) the buried food pellet (BFP) test; 2) the odor choice (OC) test; and 3) the odor cued taste avoidance (OCTA) test. The visible food pellet test (VFP) was not used …

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