Marine Biology Commons^™

Biological Aspects Of Speciation In Three Sympatric Euzonus Species At Dillon Beach, California (Polychaeta: Opheliidae), Steven Rhoads Parke

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, information concerning morphology, ecology, fertilization and larval development of three sympatric species of Eusonus is presented. Morphological similarities are reviewed in part I. These similarities correspond with significant lack of variation found in larval development (part IV). Despite these similarities, as well as the ability to cross fertilize their species, the ecological and reproductive isolating mechanisms presented in part II and II provide a positive indication of the existence of three biologically distinct species. A comparative discussion reviews the efficacy of morphological criteria in differentiating the three closely related Euzonus species.

Effect Of Holothurin On Sarcoma 180 And B-16 Melanoma Tumors In Mice, S.D. Cairns, C.A. Olmstead

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Holothurin, a biotoxic principle from the Cuvierian glands of the Bahamian sea-cucumber, Actinopyga agassizi, was studied as an anti-tumor agent capable of retarding tumor growth and prolonging the life of tumor-bearing mice. White Swiss mice injected with Sarcoma 180 had a mean survival time of 18.1 days with an average weight gain representing tumor and ascites fluid accumulation amounting to 25.1 grams in 15 days. Of five white Swiss mice with Sarcoma 180 receiving 0.15 mg Holothurin every other day, one was alive at 57 days and the average weight gain of the group was 10.4 grams in 15 …

Studies On The Toxicity Of Mirex To The Estuarine Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes Pugio, Greg Redmann

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes) are common along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts (Faxon 1879, Gunter 1950, Williams 1965, Fleming 1967). These small decapods are found ranging through freshwater areas, brackish estuaries and into inshore saline waters where they are occasionally the predominant animal (Gunter 1950).

In view of the trophic significance of these shrimp, static system bioassays were made to determine the sensitivity of Palaemonetes pugio to Mirex in water and to 0.15% Mirex bait granules, since the USDA is continuing the fire ant control program but has plans in the future to substitute 0.15% Mirex bait for …

Nutritional Components Of The Standing Plankton Crop In Mississippi Sound, Mohammed Saeed Mulkana, Walter Abbott

Gulf and Caribbean Research

A study on seasonal changes in the nutritional components of standing plankton biomass was made from 20 April 1965 to 6 September 1966. Plankton were separated into net plankton and nannoplankton fractions. Nannoplankton3 standing biomass exceeded by 72 times that of net plankton.

Although protein and carbohydrate levels were higher in net plankton on a unit weight basis, total nutrients available from nannoplankton were substantially higher. Some seasonal trends were apparent as changes in the standing biomass in net plankton. Nannoplankton exhibited no seasonal trends. Lipid and caloric values of net plankton showed seasonal trends similar to those shown by …

Models Of Primary Productivity In The Oceans, William Yi-Been Chang

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A general mathematical equation relating variables affecting primary production has been developed to predict changes .in the vertical distribution of primary production in the oceans. The model is tested and shown to fit empirical observations from diverse oceanic areas.

Seasonal Composition Of Zooplankton Of Lower Chesapeake Bay And Virginia Coastal Waters, Elizabeth W. Atkinson

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Phytoplankton Distribution In Waters Off The Northeastern Coast Of The United States, Sharon H. Craft

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

The Algal Flora (Excluding Class Bacillariophyceae) Of Foster's Pond, Allen County, Kentucky, Linda Garrett

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A systematic survey of the algal flora (excluding Class Bacillariophyceae) of Foster's Pond, Allen County, Kentucky, was conducted from January 29, 1970, to March 25, 1971. Physical and chemical data were taken in order to characterize the quality of the water and examine its relationships to floral composition and periodicity insofar as the level of discrimination employed permitted.

A total of 119 taxa representing five divisions were identified. Twenty-five of these were previously unreported for the State of Kentucky.

Members of the Division Chlorophyta, which composed 66.4% of all the identified taxa, dominated the flora throughout the year. Desmid and …

The Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.—University Of Miami Argosy Expedition To Ecuador, Donald P. De Sylva

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Nektonic And Benthic Faunas Of The Shallow Gulf Of Mexico Off The State Of Mississippi As Related To Some Physical, Chemical, And Geological Factors, James S. Franks, J.Y. Christmas, Walter L. Siler, Ralph Combs, Richard Waller, Charles Burns

Gulf and Caribbean Research

A seasonal study of the nektonic and benthic faunas of the shallow Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi was conducted from January 1967 through May 1969. It was planned to sample monthly six fixed offshore stations at depths ranging from 5 to 50 fathoms in the open Gulf. In general this was carried out fairly well.

Water samples were taken from surface, midwater, and bottom levels each time a station was occupied, and temperatures and salinities were recorded for each of these. Samples were tested for the presence of nitrates, nitrites, ortho-phosphates and total phosphates. Secchi disc extinction points were recorded. …

Las Tortugas Marinas, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Ecological Life History And Feeding Biology Of Batillaria Zonalis (Bruguière), Robert Bruce Whitlatch

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, aspects of the ecological life history of Batillaria zonalis (Brugiere) has been investigated for a period of two years. Trends in population dynamics and aspects of its biology in two salt marsh localities are described. Results of studies of the feeding biology of the sympatric population of Batillaria and Cerithidea californica (an “ecological equivalent” of Batillaria (Macdonald, 1969) and their interaction with diatoms are reported with reference to food-resource partitioning. The results are discussed within the context of problems of testing hypotheses about diversity and stability in salt marsh communities. Although these basic theoretical questions cannot …

A Taxonomic Study Of The Marine Algae Of Netarts Bay, Oregon, Charles Jerome Kunert

Dissertations and Theses

Gathering taxonomic data is fundamental to any biological or ecological research. It was the intent of this paper to increase the storehouse of taxonomic information by studying the marine algae of one section of the Oregon coastline. Netarts Bay was chosen because of its accessibility and generally primitive nature. It is in an area of Oregon largely untouched by phycologists and so offered an opportunity for original research.

Techniques of collecting and preserving specimens were kept as simple as possible, thus allowing a proportionately greater amount of the available time to be spent in the classification of the organisms. The …

Phytoplankton Periodicity In Shanty Hollow Lake, Warren County, Kentucky, David Hill

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A study of the phytoplankton periodicity and its correlation with chemicophysical parameters, diel variation of the plankton, and the cyclomorphotic variation of Ceratium hirundinella was made in Shanty Hollow Lake, Warren County, Kentucky, from October, 1969, to August, 1970.

Phytoplankton samples were collected at zero and six feet with a Kemmerer sampler (31 October through 8 December) and with a ten -liter Birge-Juday plankton trap (23 December through 9 August). Water samples for the chemicophysical determinations were collected with a Kemmerer sampler. The phytoplankton samples were preserved with 5% formalin until they were enumerated. The chemicophysical determinations (pH, conductivity, dissolved …

Investigations On The Gray Snapper, Lutjanus Griseus, Walter A. Starck Ii, Robert E. Schroeder

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

Survival Of The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) In The Laboratory Under The Effects Of Oil Drilling Fluids Spilled In The Laguna De Tamiahua, Mexico, Jorge Cabrera

Gulf and Caribbean Research

In 1965, 970.12 m³ of oil drilling fluid were spilled in the Laguna de Tamiahua, Mexico. Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine possible effects of this upon the oyster Crassostrea virginica. It was found that drilling fluid reduced the survival of oysters to a significant degree in concentrations above 200 ppm. At turbidities between 200 and 500 ppm, there was 50% survival on the seventh day. Tanino in concentrations between 90 and 170 ppm had a drastic effect upon survival which was 50% between the fourth and fifth days. Bentonita in 110 to 190 ppm resulted in …

Some Effects Of Hurricanes On The Terrestrial Biota, With Special Reference To Camille, Gordon Gunter, Lionel N. Eleuterius

Gulf and Caribbean Research

There have been very few articles concerning the effects of hurricanes upon marine and shore organisms. Some effects on fishes have been described by Hubbs (1962) and in that paper he reviewed some of the previous references.

Information on animals killed or injured by hurricanes is scarce because potential observers in areas where they strike are generally more concerned with practical personal matters than biological studies right after a bad storm. The senior author has been in or very close to seven West India hurricanes as they came ashore. Each time he was somewhat forewarned and had determined to make …

Notes On Insect Occurrences On The Mississippi Gulf Coast And Offshore Islands, Bryant Mather

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Dr. Gordon Gunter (1970) has written that, through the work of Dr. E. A. Richmond, “. . . The species of living organisms of Horn Island are better recorded than those of any large island on the South Atlantic and Gulf Coast.” It is to be hoped that Dr. Richmond’s work will inspire others to contribute much more to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of the Gulf Coast and its offshore islands. I give here a few notes to place some of Dr. Richmond’s work in context, to recognize work by others, and to indicate the paucity of …

Discovery Of The Carolina Marsh Clam, Polymesoda Caroliniana (Bosc), A Supposed Florida Disjunct Species, In Everglades National Park, Florida, D.C. Tabb, D.R. Moore

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The presence of disjunct species of animals on either side of the Florida peninsula has been reported by a number of authors. The littorinid mollusk, Littorina irrorata Say, which has a range from Massachusetts to the Rio Grande of Texas, except for south Florida, is one such species (Bequaert 1943). The marsh crab, Sesarma cinereum (Bosc), is another example of an animal with a distribution from Virginia to the western Gulf of Campeche except for a break in southern Florida (Rathbun, 1918). Williams (1965) lists 23 species of crustaceans having interrupted distribution at the Florida peninsula. This report on discovery …

Observations On The Biology Of Mudshrimps Of The Genus Callianassa (Anomura: Thalassinidea) In Mississippi Sound, Philip J. Phillips

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The apparent habitat isolation of the mudshrimps Callianassa islagrande Schmitt and Callianassa jamaicense louisianensis Schmitt (Anomura : Thalassinidea) in Mississippi Sound is a function of species-related differences in ability to burrow and survive in the significantly different substrates of each habitat. C. islagrande is found only in sand bottomed beaches of the offshore barrier islands, whereas C. j. louisianensis is found only in the muddy backwaters of the mainland and Deer Island. Both forms produce deep and extensive permanent or semipermanent burrows in their respective habitat and are probably of some significance in sediment turnover. Laboratory studies show that C. …

The Relative Abundance And Distribution Of Penaeid Shrimp Larvae Off The Mississippi Coast, Chebium B. Subrahmanyam

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The objectives of the present investigation are: (a) to delineate spawning seasons and the areas of as many species as possible based on larval abundance; (b) to study the spatial and seasonal distribution of penaeid larvae in relation to depth, temperature, salinity and seasons, which will indicate the movements of the spawners; (e) to inquire whether any correlation exists between occurrence of larvae and of adults in any area; (d) to examine the relationship between Penaeus postlarval abundance in the Mississippi Sound and larval and postlarval occurrence in the open sea; and (e) to study the vertical seasonal distribution of …

Recent Changes In The Louisiana Marsh Near Vermilion Bay, Lionel N. Eleuterius

Gulf and Caribbean Research

A special interest in marsh ecology led to the present study. Permanent sampling stations, whereby long range changes can be observed, have been neglected by researchers and there is only one known in the Gulf Coastal marshes. The uniqueness of the permanent transect offered an opportunity to study the floristic changes, if any, which occurred over a period of 18 years. Notes on the topography and other influencing factors were taken, as well as general observations on the surrounding marsh areas.

Descriptions Of Shrimp Larvae (Family Penaeidae) Off The Mississippi Coast, Chebium B. Subrahmanyam

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Müller (1864) showed that the penaeid egg hatches into a nauplius. Some years later studies of the metamorphosis of penaeid shrimps in the Gulf of Mexico were made (Pearson 1939, Heegaard 1953, Dobkin 1961, Cook and Murphy 1965, and Renfro and Cook 1963). The present paper treats the larvae taken in Mississippi and brings together the descriptions of the larvae scattered in the literature. The salient features of various stages of different species of the six genera studied are pointed out with the aid of drawings to facilitate easier identification. Besides the references cited above, the works of Heldt (1938), …

A Bibliography Of Anomalies Of Fishes, Supplement 2, C.E. Dawson

Gulf and Caribbean Research

This listing adds 213 titles to the original bibliography (Gulf Res. Repts. 1 (6), 1964) and the 1966 supplement (Gulf Res. Repts. 2(2) :169-176). Although a number of previously overlooked references are included, there are 137 citations of works published during the 1965-70 period. The frequency of recent publications offers some indication of the current worldwide interest in problems of fish teratology.

Larval Development And Feeding Ecology Of Hermissenda Crassicornis (Eschscholtz) And Aeolidia Papillosa (Linnaeus), Leslie G. Williams

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Thompson (1967) defines three developmental types for Opisthobranchia with representative nudibranchs in each category. The types are: 1.) planktotrophic larvae which are obligatory plankton feeders prior to progressive metamorphosis, 2.) lecithotrophic larvae which may feed on the plankton, but do not need to do so in order to metamorphose, 3.) direct development which results in hatching of a post veliger, benthic juvenile.

Tardy (1970) feels that Thompson's Type 3 development is artificial. Thus, he incorporates direct development into the lecithotrophic developmental type. Tardy then proposes a classification of metamorphic types based on larval shell type (Thompson, 1961) and on larval …

Erasure Of Sediment Surface Features By Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), Walter Richard Boehmer

OES Theses and Dissertations

Erasure of sediment surface features by individuals of the species, Mellita guinguiesperforata, observed in this study suggests that all members of the sub-order, Scutellina, are able to erase sediment surface features. Sweep time, the time needed to erase the surface features of an area, depends on the population density, individual size, and speed of movement of the sand dollars. Assuming their pattern of movement as random, the following equation can be used to determine sand dollar sweep time,

T - 3.2 N^-0.76 (W / S) (A/ W² )^1.21

where T is sweep time, N is the …

Bibliography Of Diseases And Parasites Of Marine Fish And Shellfish (With Emphasis On Commercially Important Species), Carl J. Sindermann

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The literature on diseases and parasites of marine animals has been accumulating at an accelerating rate in recent decades, and at a seemingly geometrical rate in the past few years. Reviews of selected aspects of the subject have appeared (Cheng, 1967; Sindermann, 1966; Sindermann and Rosenfield, 1967). References listed in these papers include a significant, but still a small part, of the available literature. With the proliferation of journals in many languages throughout the world, a complete bibliography, even in a narrow area of research, is almost an impossibility. Then too, the daily appearance of new published information represents an …

Effects Of Abatement Of Domestic Sewage Pollution On The Benthos, Volumes Of Zooplankton, And The Fouling Organisms Of Biscayne Bay, Florida, J. Kneeland Mcnulty

Studies in Tropical Oceanography

No abstract provided.

Observations On Claviceps Purpurea On Spartina Alterniflora In The Coastal Marshes Of Mississippi, Lionel N. Eleuterius

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Seventy-five years ago the first report of the occurrence of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. on Spartina alterniflora Loisel in Mississippi was made by Tracy and Earle (1895). Collections were taken at Ocean Springs, Mississippi on Christmas Day in 1892. These specimens are in the herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology at Mississippi State University. Tracy and Earle presented no data on the infection rate nor does collection data indicate widespread infection. Parris (1959) published a revised host index of Mississippi plant diseases in which he listed C. purpurea based on the collections by 'Tracy and Earle. No further reports …

Fishes Rarely Caught In Shrimp Trawl, Charles Burns

Gulf and Caribbean Research

During a three year study made of the offshore waters of Mississippi the author became interested in the fishes "rarely caught" in shrimp trawls. This report concerns all data for the project, which was carried out during 1967, 1968 and 1969. The only characteristic common to the following species is the rarity with which they are taken in regular shrimp trawling operations. Some are by no means rare in terms of total number available in the Gulf of Mexico, but it is worthwhile to report data collected as compared to others taken thirty-nine to forty-one years ago in nearby Louisiana. …