Marine Biology Commons^™

Orbitally Induced Climate And Geochemical Variability Across The Oligocene/Miocene Boundary, Hilary A. Paul, James C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower, Aradhna Tripati

Marine Science Faculty Publications

To assess the influence of orbital-scale variations on late Oligocene to early Miocene climate and ocean chemistry, high-resolution (similar to 5 kyr) benthic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope and percent coarse fraction time series were constructed for Ocean Drilling Program site 929 on Ceara Rise in the western equatorial Atlantic. These time series exhibit pervasive low- to high-frequency variability across a 5-Myr interval (20.5-25.4 Ma). The records also reveal several large-scale secular variations including two positive (similar to 1.6 parts per thousand) oxygen isotope excursions at 22.95 and 21.1 Ma, suggestive of large but brief glacial maxima (Mi-l and Mi-la …

Biological And Physical Observations On Larval Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) Recruiting To Oregon And Ocracoke Inlets North Carolina, Thomas R. Wasaff

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Patterns of abundance, length, age, and growth of larval spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) were compared to assess the variability between spot larvae ingressing to two North Carolina inlets. The source of variability for the recruitment of larval fishes to estuarine nurseries has been linked to environmental stochasticity. Wind data and seasurface temperature satellite images were analyzed as two influential environmental variables that may help explain recruitment variability. As part of the South Atlantic Bight Recruitment Experiment (SABRE), spot larvae were collected between October 1994 and April 1995 as they recruited to Pamlico Sound through Oregon Inlet, located north of Cape Hatteras, …

North Atlantic Intermediate To Deep Water Circulation And Chemical Stratification During The Past 1 Myr, Benjamin P. Flower, D. W. Oppo, J. F. Mcmanus, K. A. Venz, D. A. Hodell, J. L. Cullen

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope records from a suite of drill sites in the North Atlantic are used to trace variations in the relative strengths of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW), Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW), and Southern Ocean Water (SOW) over the past 1 Myr. During glacial intervals, significant increases in intermediate-to-deep delta(13)C gradients (commonly reaching >1.2 parts per thousand) are consistent with changes in deep water circulation and associated chemical stratification. Bathymetric delta(13)C gradients covary with benthic foraminiferal delta(18)O and covary inversely with Vostok CO2, in agreement with chemical stratification as a driver of atmospheric CO2 changes. …

The Influence Of The Pressure Head On The Indonesian Seas Circulation, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, George L. Mellor, Arnold L. Gordon

Faculty Publications

A high resolution, regional, non-linear, barotropic ocean model (2D POM) was used to show that a pressure difference between the Pacific and Indian Ocean does not significantly influence the total transport of the Indonesian throughflow.

Burrow Morphology And Behavior Of The Mud Shrimp Upogebia Omissa (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae), Vania Rodrigues Coelho, Roland Arthur Cooper, Sergio De Almeida Rodrigues

Collected Faculty Scholarship

The burrow morphology, burrowing behavior and feeding mechanisms of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia omissa were studied. Twenty burrow casts were made in situ with epoxy resin, and an overall 'Y' shape was most frequently observed. Several burrows consisted of a single, oblique tunnel; burrow diameter was positively correlated with burrow length, maximum depth and distance between openings. Additionally, burrow length was positively associated with maximum depth, indicating that as burrow length increased burrow depth increased; i.e. burrows spread vertically rather than horizontally. Total sediment displacement by the burrows accounted for 2.6 % of sediment to a depth of 30 cm. …

Long-Term Pyrene Exposure Of Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes Pugio, Affects Molting And Reproduction Of Exposed Males And Offspring Of Exposed Females, Eva Oberdörster, Marius Brouwer, Thea Hoexum-Brouwer, Steve Manning, John A. Mclachlan

Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term pyrene exposure on molting and reproduction in the model estuarine invertebrate, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to measured concentrations of 5.1, 15.0, and 63.4 ppb (mu g/L) pyrene for 6 weeks, during which time we determined molting and survivorship. At the end of the exposure, we immediately sacrificed some of the shrimp for biomarker (CYP1A and vitellin) analyses. The remaining shrimp were used to analyze fecundity and embryo survivorship during an additional 6 weeks after termination of pyrene exposure. Male shrimp at the highest …

Comparative Systematics Of Subterranean Amphipod Crustaceans In The Families Crangonyctidae And Bogidiellidae, Stefan Koenemann

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The research project presented in this doctoral dissertation deals with the systematics of two different taxonomic groups of subterranean amphipods (Crustacea). Therefore, rather than being a single project, this study is divided into several sub-projects. Altogether, the chapters for the sub-projects are composed of five publications. An introductory chapter and a summarizing discussion are added to provide a structural unit for the collection of papers and to compare the results of the individual projects.

The thesis investigates the systematics of the amphipod families Bogidiellidae Hertzog, 1936, and Crangonyctidae Bousfield, 1973. Based on descriptive taxonomy according to modern standards, revisions are …

Near-Surface Phytoplankton Distribution In The Western Intra-Americas Sea: The Influence Of El Niño And Weather Events, Nelson M. Gonzalez, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Sergio Cerdeira Estrada, Roberto Perez De Los Reyes, Ivan Victora Del Rio, Pedro Cardenas Perez, Ida Mitrani Arenal

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The space-rime variation of phytoplankton pigments in the western Intra-Americas Sea (IAS), in the vicinity of the island of Cuba, is examined using digital images obtained with the Coastal Zone Color Scanner sensor flown aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite from 1978 to 1986. The results are compared to historical in situ hydrographic observations. A marked seasonality in pigment concentration was observed in waters around Cuba, with an average of 0.07 mg m(-3) in summer (April-September) and 0.13 mg m-3 during winter (October-March). The range of variation in pigment concentration was larger in the Gulf of Mexico relative to the western …

Modified Phase Contrast Microscopy And Its Applications To The Observation Of Marine Biological Objects, Ming Chang Shih, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

We demonstrate the imaging technique for the study of marine micro-biota (e.g. size ranged from um to cm) by modifying the Fourier optics with a near IR illuminating source to improve the contrast of the high spatial frequency images and to reveal the micro-structure of the observed biological object. We also present the application of this system to the study of swimming behavior of the Artemia in free space, and the detailed structure of the spines and podia of the sea urchin. The imaging system is consisted of a collimated laser beam, a high pass Fourier optics transform system, a …

Form Ia Rbcl Transcripts Associated With A Low Salinity/High Chlorophyll Plume ('Green River') In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Jordan B. Kang, Roger A. Stokes, Dale Griffin, Lisa Campbell, Erla Ornolfsdottir

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Coastal plumes of low salinity water that extend hundreds of kilometers offshore into oligotrophic waters are often found in the Gulf of Mexico. To characterize one such feature, a series of photoautotrophic activity and biomass parameters were measured at 2 stations in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, including pigments by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), autotrophic picoplankton abundance by flow cytometry, photoautotrophic ¹⁴C-HCO₃^- fixation, and Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL) transcriptional activity. One sampling site (Stn 4) was in a 15 m deep, low salinity (29.8 ppt) plume 242 km west of Tampa Bay. …

A Taxonomic Evaluation Of The Comatulid Genus Stephanometra (Echinodermata:Crinoidea), Dana Lin Rankin

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

Several genera in the comatulid family Mariametridae are currently ambiguously distinguished on the basis of variations in length and robustness of oral pinnules. Previous descriptions have suggested that at least the genera Stephanometra and Lamprometra are imperfectly distinguishable. A detailed re-examination of morphology coupled with principal component analyses of morphometric data and cladistic analyses provide support for a monophyletic Stephanometra distinct from Lamprometra. A preliminary morphological analysis suggests that Dichrometra and Liparometra should be synonymized with Lamprometra. The six currently recognized species of Stephanometra uniquely share at least one pair of oral pinnules characterized by enlarged size, reduced ambulacral groove …

An Upwelling Case Study On Florida's West Coast, Robert H. Weisberg, Bryan D. Black, Zhenjiang Li

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Using a combination of satellite sea surface temperature imagery; in situ currents, temperature, and sea level data; and a numerical circulation model, we describe an upwelling event observed along Florida's west coast. Although ubiquitous features of continental shelves, descriptions of coastal upwellings (or downwellings) are generally complicated by the continuum of processes in which they occur. For the case study presented the winds were light, and the baroclinic background currents were steady for several days prior to the event. These conditions allow the evolution of a specific wind-driven upwelling event to be viewed as an initial value problem. The data …

Fisheries Research Report No. 121 - Synopsis Of The Biology And Exploitation Of The Blue Swimmer Crab, Portunus Pelagicus Linnaeus, In Western Australia, Mervi I. Kangas

Fisheries Research Reports

This report summarises the existing studies which have provided information on the biology, population characteristics and exploitation of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, in Western Australia. Gaps in the existing knowledge are also highlighted to assist in targeting new research initiatives. Portunus pelagicus matures at about one year and in temperate regions females mate only once a year. This is because mature crabs moult only once a year. It appears from studies to date that Western Australian crabs are one genetic population. This is being further investigated. Migration of the blue swimmer crab occurs between estuaries and the ocean …

William Bartram's Early Observation Of Nest Association Between Cyprinid Fishes, Philip A. Cochran

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Southeastern Fishes Council

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Number 40 (May 2000), Southern Fishes Council

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

(May 2000) - Survey of fishes in the southern tributaries of the South Bend of the Tennessee River with notes on Wheeler, Wilson, and Pickwick Reservoirs. By E.B. Dale Jones III

William Bartram's early observation of a nest association between cyprinid fishes. By Philip A. Cochran.

Survey Of Fishes In The Southern Tributaries Of The South Bend Of The Tennessee River With Notes On Wheeler, Wilson, And Pickwick Reservoirs, E.B. Dale Jones Iii

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Turbidite Megabeds In An Oceanic Rift Valley Recording Jokulhlaups Of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lakes Of The Western United States, G.G. Zuffa, W.R. Normark, F. Serra, Charlotte A. Brunner

Faculty Publications

Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS C-14 ages in …

Larval Trophodynamics, Turbulence, And Drift On Georges Bank : A Sensitivity Analysis Of Cod And Haddock, Francisco E. E. Werner, Brian R. Mackenzie, R. Ian Perry, R. Gregory Lough, Christopher E. Naimie, Brian O. Blanton, John A. Quinlan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Using an individual-based model approach we consider trophodynamic effects on the growth and survival of larval cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank during late winter/early spring. These studies represent an extension of results described in Werner et al. (1996; Deep-Sea Res. II), wherein the effect of turbulence-enhanced larval-prey contact rates increased the effective prey concentration resulting in growth of cod larvae consistent with observed rates in the field. We reformulated the feeding of the larvae to include existing relationships between maximum prey-length and larval-length and we examined: (i) larval search behaviour and …

Physical Factors Of Differentiation In Macrobenthic Communities Between Atoll Lagoons In The Central Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), Mehdi Adjeroud, Serge Andrefouet, Claude Payri, Joel Orempuller

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Nine atolls were characterized in order to understand how physical factors control the species composition, diversity, and abundance of macrobenthic (coral, mollusc, echinoderm, and algal) communities inside the lagoons. Only one region, the central part of Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, was considered, in order to minimise the variation due to regional factors between regions. The lagoons investigated showed a gradient of physical factors, providing various landscape configurations. The physical factors were surface area, abundance of pinnacles, degree of hydrodynamic aperture, and relative importance of passes in this degree of aperture. Macrobenthic communities were characterized by low diversity and strong dominance …

Optical Properties Of The Kara Sea, Donald R. Johnson, Vernon L. Asper, Thomas Mcclimans, Alan D. Weidemann

Faculty Publications

This study was motivated by the need to understand dispersion processes which affect the redistribution of nuclear wastes in the Arctic from dump sites in the Kara Sea and in the rivers which flow into the Kara Sea. We focus on vertical profiles of light beam transmission and fluorometry made over the delta region fronting the Ob and Yenisey Rivers and over the East Novaya Zemlya Trough (ENZT). The delta region fronting the Ob River Estuary contains a large repository of particles in a dense bottom nepheloid layer with a maximum centered similar to 100 km in front of the …

Comparison Of Larval Myomere Counts Among Species Of Nocomis In Virginia (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae), Terre D. Green, Eugene G. Maurakis

Virginia Journal of Science

Larval myomere counts of Nocomis platyrhynchus were made using a dissecting light microscope equipped with polarizing filters, and then compared to those of the three other species of Nocomis (Nocomis leptocephalus, Nocomis micropogon, and Nocomis raneyi) found in Virginia. Average preanal myomere counts for N. platyrhynchus (26.9) were significantly different from those of the other three species (N. raneyi =28.7; N. micropogon =26.0; and N. leptocephalus =25.9). This is especially important as larvae of N. leptocephalus, the only other species of Nocomis syntopic with N. platyrhynchus in the upper New River drainage, can now …

Feeding Habits Of Young-Of-Year Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis, And White Perch, Morone Americana, In Lower James River, Va, Paul J. Rudershausen, Joseph G. Loesch

Virginia Journal of Science

A total of 188 young-of-year (YOY) striped bass, Morone saxatilis, and 199 YOY white perch, Morone americana, were collected by pushnet, seine and trawl during 24-hour periods from June through August, 1992 in lower James River, Virginia. The purpose was to identify prey and temporal and spatial feeding habits. Copepods were the most numerous prey of both species. Fishes and mysids comprised the largest volumetric percentage of diets of striped bass and white perch, respectively. Using an index of relative importance, leptodorids and copepods were the most important prey of striped bass and white perch, respectively. Both species …

Wind-Forced Reversing Jets In The Western Equatorial Pacific, Megan F. Cronin, Michael J. Mcphaden, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Upper-ocean zonal currents in the western equatorial Pacific are remarkably variable, changing direction both with time and depth. As a part of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, an enhanced monitoring array of moorings measured the upper-ocean velocity, temperature, salinity, and, surface meteorological conditions in the western equatorial Pacific for two years (March 1992-April 1994). Data from this array are used to evaluate the zonal momentum balance. Although nonlinear terms (zonal. meridional, and vertical advection) were at times large, reversing jets were primarily due to an interplay between wind forcing and compensating pressure gradients. In the …

Spring 2000, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Plankton Community Composition, Production, And Respiration In Relation To Dissolved Inorganic Carbon On The West Florida Shelf, April 1996, Gary L. Hitchcock, Gabriel A. Vargo, Mary-Lynn L. Dickson

Marine Science Faculty Publications

In April 1996 the Florida Shelf Lagrangian Experiment examined dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics on the West Florida Shelf. DIC concentrations increased over 2 weeks at an average rate of 1 μmol kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ in a patch of the intentionally released tracers sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) and helium 3 (³He). Approximately 20% of the increase was due to air‐sea exchange with the remaining 80% attributed to plankton respiration [Wanninkhof et al., 1997]. Here we present particulate matter concentrations, phytoplankton production, and community respiration rates from the tracer patch that suggest that heterotrophs dominated …

Modeling The Growth Dynamics Of Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba, Eileen E. Hofmann, Cathy M. Lascara

CCPO Publications

A time-dependent, size-structured, bioenergetically based model was developed to examine the growth dynamics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba 2 to 60 mm in size. The metabolic processes included in the model are ingestion, a baseline respiration, respiratory losses due to feeding and digestion, and an activity-based respiration factor. The total of these processes, net production, was used as the basis for determining the growth or shrinkage of individuals. Size-dependent parameterizations for the metabolic processes were constructed from field and laboratory measurements. Environmental effects were included through time series of pelagic phytoplankton concentration that were derived from data sets collected west …

Horizontal Structure Of The Upper Ocean Velocity And Density Fields In The Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool: Depth Range From 20 To 250 M, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas, Peter Hacker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Wavenumber spectra of velocity and density fields in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool on scales 6–120 km are estimated using the shipboard survey data collected during the TOGA Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). The spectra are averaged over three depth intervals: 20–60, 60–110, and 110–250 m (corresponding to the Yoshida jet, the South Equatorial Current, and the southern edge of Equatorial Undercurrent). The velocity spectra are corrected for the mean flow shear advection, which is important under conditions of low gradient Richardson number (Ri). After that, both velocity and density spectra are consistent with an internal wave spectral model …

Characteristics Of Wind-Generated Rings In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cesar Fuentes-Yaco

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Eddies are generated in the eastern tropical Pacific (3 degrees S-23 degrees N, 75 degrees-105 degrees W) by winds blowing through Central American mountain passes from the Atlantic. We used Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite imagery complemented with monthly in situ sea surface temperature and wind series from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) to study these eddies and their effect on pigment concentrations in the region. Pigment values in the Gulf of Tehuantepec generally reach higher values in November-March before those in the Gulf of Papagayo. The eddies generated in the …

Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 2000 Report, Curtis M. Burney, William E. Margolis

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.