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Articles 5161 - 5190 of 7426
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
New Method Used To Research Mollusks, Cavefish, Aldemaro Romero Jr., David Hayes, Kapil Mandrekar
New Method Used To Research Mollusks, Cavefish, Aldemaro Romero Jr., David Hayes, Kapil Mandrekar
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Asu To Offer Marine Mammal Course In Bahamas, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Michel Conner
Asu To Offer Marine Mammal Course In Bahamas, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Michel Conner
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
The Use Of Detached Kelp (Ecklonia Radiata) By Seagrass-Associated Mesograzers In Temperate South-Western Australia, Christopher Doropoulos
The Use Of Detached Kelp (Ecklonia Radiata) By Seagrass-Associated Mesograzers In Temperate South-Western Australia, Christopher Doropoulos
Theses : Honours
The movement of nutrients and organisms between habitats provide important spatial subsidies on local and regional scales, resulting in increased primary and secondary production, especially where inputs supplement habitats of relatively low levels of comparable resources. In coastal south-western Australia, the brown kelp, Ecklonia radiata, is produced in large quantities on offshore reefs from where it detaches and passes through neighbouring habitats. This allochthonous resource is present in large quantities in seagrass meadows and thereby potentially influences the trophic dynamics of this habitat, providing an additional food source for grazers to those produced in situ. This study investigated the effects …
Growth Phases And Differential Growth Between Sexes Of Uca Maracoani Latreille, 1802-1803 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae), Gustavo L. Hirose, Maria L. Negreiros-Fransozo
Growth Phases And Differential Growth Between Sexes Of Uca Maracoani Latreille, 1802-1803 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae), Gustavo L. Hirose, Maria L. Negreiros-Fransozo
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Among crustacean decapods, fiddler crabs of the genus Uca are the most characteristic of the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical estuaries. The present study determined the growth phases and the beginning of differential growth between the sexes, based on analyses of relative growth of Uca maracoani. Collections were made in the Jabaquara mangrove, located in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Specimens were collected manually during low tide periods. In the laboratory, crabs were sexed and measured. We measured carapace width (CW), carapace length (CL), propodus length (PL; the right one for females and the major one for males), …
Chemical Defenses: From Compounds To Communities, Valerie J. Paul, Koty H. Sharp
Chemical Defenses: From Compounds To Communities, Valerie J. Paul, Koty H. Sharp
Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications
Marine natural products play critical roles in the chemical defense of many marine organisms and in some cases can influence the community structure of entire ecosystems. Although many marine natural products have been studied for biomedical activity, yielding important information about their biochemical effects and mechanisms of action, much less is known about ecological functions. The way in which marine consumers perceive chemical defenses can influence their health and survival and determine whether some natural products persist through a food chain. This article focuses on selected marine natural products, including okadaic acid, brevetoxins, lyngbyatoxin A, caulerpenyne, bryostatins, and isocyano terpenes, …
Factors That Affect Distribution Of Two Species Of Killifish In Northeast Florida Marshes, Stacy N. Galleher
Factors That Affect Distribution Of Two Species Of Killifish In Northeast Florida Marshes, Stacy N. Galleher
UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fundulus heteroclitus and the closely related F. grondis are mainly distributed along the Atlantic coast of the U.S from Maine to Northeast Florida and from the East coast of Florida throughout the Gulf of Mexico, respectively. Both are resident salt marsh fishes whose range is thought to overlap in Northeast Florida, making them an ideal study system to examine resource partitioning between two closely related species. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of temperature and elevation on potential habitat partitioning of these two species. It is hypothesized that the northern species, F. heteroclitus, would have a …
Glow Sticks As Effective Bait For Capturing Aquatic Amphibians In Funnel Traps, Kristine L. Grayson, Andrew W. Roe
Glow Sticks As Effective Bait For Capturing Aquatic Amphibians In Funnel Traps, Kristine L. Grayson, Andrew W. Roe
Biology Faculty Publications
Funnel traps of various designs have been used to capture adults and larvae of aquatic amphibians (e.g., Buech and Egeland 2002; Richter 1995). Most studies use unbaited funnel traps to capture amphibians while others have used shrimp or salmon eggs (Adams et al. 1997). Light traps and light sticks are commonly used in studies of fish, particularly larvae (Doherty 1987; Marchetti et al. 2004), but have not been widely used to capture amphibians. Glow sticks have been mentioned briefly in the literature as a means to increase capture rates of aquatic amphibians (Smith and Rettig 1996), but no studies have …
Habitat Use By Juvenile Gag, Mycteroperca Microlepis (Pisces: Serranidae), In Subtropical Charlotte Harbor, Florida (Usa), J. Patrick Casey, Gregg R. Poulakis, Philip W. Stevens
Habitat Use By Juvenile Gag, Mycteroperca Microlepis (Pisces: Serranidae), In Subtropical Charlotte Harbor, Florida (Usa), J. Patrick Casey, Gregg R. Poulakis, Philip W. Stevens
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Estuaries play a key role in the juvenile stage of gag (Myeteroperca microlepis). The use of estuarine habitats by juvenlle gag has been examined in temperate estuaries, which are at the northern limits of the range of this species, but the importance of subtropical estuaries during the early life history of this species has not been studied extensively. Gag were collected in subtropical Charlotte Harbor, Florida, during routine monthiy sampling from January 1996 to Decemher 2002. Juvenlle gag were collected using a 21.3-m seine, a 183-m haul seine, and a 183-m purse seine. A total of 738 individuals …
Strategic Investments In Large Pelagic Research, Nancy B. Thompson, Eric D. Prince
Strategic Investments In Large Pelagic Research, Nancy B. Thompson, Eric D. Prince
Gulf and Caribbean Research
The Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) of the US NOAA Fisheries provides much of the US science advice for the management of Highly Migratory Species (HMS) in the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and US Caribbean Sea. These stocks include the tunas, sharks, billfishes and swordfish all of which are targeted either commercially or recreationally or both in US waters. These species are managed internationally through membership to the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT); however, while the US is an ICCAT member, few Caribbean nations are members.
Observations Of A Feeding Aggregation Of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon Typus, In The North Central Gulf Of Mexico, Eric R. Hoffmayer, James S. Franks, William B. Driggers Iii, Kenneth J. Oswald, Joseph M. Quattro
Observations Of A Feeding Aggregation Of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon Typus, In The North Central Gulf Of Mexico, Eric R. Hoffmayer, James S. Franks, William B. Driggers Iii, Kenneth J. Oswald, Joseph M. Quattro
Gulf and Caribbean Research
On 26 June 2006 an aggregation of 16 whale sharks was observed for a period of 4 hr in the north central Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The sharks remained within an area about 1.0 km2 in size and continuously ram filter fed at the surface. Visual analysis of a plankton sample collected from the study site revealed the presence of copious amounts of fish eggs in mid-embryonic development and a minor amount of other zooplankton. A second plankton sample (control) collected about 3.5 km from the study site in an area where no whale sharks were present contained few …
Nocturnal Depth Distribution Of Western North Atlantic Swordfish (Xiphias Gladius, Linnaeus, 1758) In Relation To Lunar Illumination, Joshua K. Loefer, George R. Sedberry, John C. Mcgovern
Nocturnal Depth Distribution Of Western North Atlantic Swordfish (Xiphias Gladius, Linnaeus, 1758) In Relation To Lunar Illumination, Joshua K. Loefer, George R. Sedberry, John C. Mcgovern
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Swordfish are known to undergo large diel vertical movements from surface waters at night to > 300 m depth during the day. Evidence presented over the past several deeades suggests the lunar cycle affects these vertical migrations. This study collected data concurrently from 7 swordfish throughout 3 consecutive lunar cycles using pop-up satellite archival tags. All individuals demonstrated an inverse relationship between recorded nocturnal depths and lunar illumination.
Genetic Analysis Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) Stock Structure In The Atlantic Ocean, Jan R. Mcdowell, Jeanette E.L. Carlsson, John E. Graves
Genetic Analysis Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) Stock Structure In The Atlantic Ocean, Jan R. Mcdowell, Jeanette E.L. Carlsson, John E. Graves
Gulf and Caribbean Research
The genetic basis of stock structure of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans Lacepède 1802) in the Atlantic ocean was inferred from analyses of mitochondrial control region sequences. Blue marlin were collected in 1998 from 4 major geographic locations: western North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, western South Atlantic and eastern Atlantic. Haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.99-1.0 and nucleotide sequence diversity (π) ranged from 0.11-0.13 within samples indicating that the control region harbors a significant amount of genetic variation. However, no significant differences were found in the spatial partitioning of genetic variation among the 4 collections; all pairwise ϕST …
Patterns Of Vertical Habitat Use By Atlantic Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) In The Gulf Of Mexico, Richard T. Kraus, Jay R. Rooker
Patterns Of Vertical Habitat Use By Atlantic Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) In The Gulf Of Mexico, Richard T. Kraus, Jay R. Rooker
Gulf and Caribbean Research
We examined data from pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags (n = 18) to characterize aspects of vertical habitat use by blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Two of these tags were recovered and provided fine-scale information about diving patterns and the relationship between time at depth and temperature. Similar to previous studies, blue marlin in the GOM spent most of their time at the surface and at temperatures within 3° C of surface temperatures. Time at depth was multimodal and the magnitude of the smaller modes was dependent upon the strength and depth …
Large Pelagics In The Southern Section Of The Seaflower Marine Protected Area, San Andres Archipelago, Colombia: A Fishery In Expansion, Erick Castro, Heins Bent, Carlos Ballesteros, Martha Prada
Large Pelagics In The Southern Section Of The Seaflower Marine Protected Area, San Andres Archipelago, Colombia: A Fishery In Expansion, Erick Castro, Heins Bent, Carlos Ballesteros, Martha Prada
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Isolated and sparse reef atolls comprising the southern section of the Seaflower MPA have been traditionally exploited by artisanal fishers using handlines. These practices have severely depleted the demersal fish stock and now fishers have shifted their efforts to the pelagic stock. The pelagic fishery included the extraction of more than 25 species, with Thunnus atlanticus, Acanthocybium solandri, Coryphaena hippurus, and Katsuwonus pelamis being the most common. Three years of fishery-dependent data (2004–2006) were used to describe traditional fishing methods and techniques, and to document, for the first time, a declining trend in the large pelagic stock. …
Understanding The Local Livelihood System In Resource Management: The Pelagic Longline Fishery In Gouyave, Grenada, Sandra C. Grant, Fikret Berkes, John Brierley
Understanding The Local Livelihood System In Resource Management: The Pelagic Longline Fishery In Gouyave, Grenada, Sandra C. Grant, Fikret Berkes, John Brierley
Gulf and Caribbean Research
There is a need to include social objectives in fisheries management, and this paper focuses on one set of social considerations, those regarding livelihood. We pay particular attention to sustainable livelihood strategies, the importance of commercial pelagic longline fishing for the entire community livelihood system, and implications for management. Field data were obtained between December 2002 and March 2004 in Gouyave, Grenada, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a quantitative survey. The economic base (fishing and agriculture) of the community is both unpredictable and seasonal, therefore individuals and households engage in diverse strategies to secure their livelihood. Three livelihood strategies …
Whale Sharks Of The Western Caribbean: An Overview Of Current Research And Conservation Efforts And Future Needs For Effective Management Of The Species, Rachel T. Graham
Whale Sharks Of The Western Caribbean: An Overview Of Current Research And Conservation Efforts And Future Needs For Effective Management Of The Species, Rachel T. Graham
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are seasonal visitors to four sites in the Western Caribbean, 3 of which are encompassed by the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. Predictable encounters with the world's largest fish have raised this species' profile globally and led to several research and conservation efforts that aim to elucidate the need for information for the species management and balance the growing demand for highly lucrative encounter tourism. Tagging studies have demonstrated that the whale shark population is relatively small and likely forms a single population. Individuals move throughout the region between 3 of 4 known feeding sites and …
Use Of Diadema Antillarum Spines By Juvenile Fish And Mysid Shrimp, Taryn Townsend, Paul A.X. Bologna
Use Of Diadema Antillarum Spines By Juvenile Fish And Mysid Shrimp, Taryn Townsend, Paul A.X. Bologna
Gulf and Caribbean Research
This research has the following objectives: 1) identify the size structure of D. antillarum among 3 coastal bays of St. John, United States Virgin Islands and 2) determine relationships between urchin presence and spine utilization by fish and mysid shrimp.
Effects Of Long-Term Exposure To Low Salinity On The Brackish-Water Amphiurid Brittlestar Ophiophragmus Filograneus (Lyman, 1875) From The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Previous studies on salinity tolerance of Ophiophragmus filograneus have documented its ability to acclimate to a wide range of salinities in the laboratory and to acclimatize to short-term natural reductions in salinity. In all cases, salinities below 10% were lethal within a few weeks of exposure. Recent long-term changes in hydrology have exposed a dense population of O. filograneus in the Banana River lagoon to 3 yr of salinities between 10% and 20%. The burrowing response of animals subjected to acute exposure was tested in the present study at salinities of 8, 10, 12, 14 (ambient), 19, and 24%. After …
Grazing Impacts Of Diverse Zooplankton Taxa On Thin Layers, Alexander Bochdansky
Grazing Impacts Of Diverse Zooplankton Taxa On Thin Layers, Alexander Bochdansky
OES Faculty Publications
The US Navy needs to know how distributions and abundances of light-scattering and sound-scattering organisms in the ocean vary in space and time, particularly in the vertical dimension. Recent field observations have shown that many biological properties may vary substantially over small e.g. centimeter scales, commonly referred to as thin layers e.g. Cowles et al. 1998, 1999, Hanson Donaghay 1998, Holliday et al. 1999, Dekshenieks et al. 2001, Alldredge et al. 2002, Rines et al. 2002. Our previous ONR-funded research has allowed us to begin to understand how zooplankton interact with thin layers and how they can take advantage of …
Co2 Control Of Trichodesmium N-2 Fixation, Photosynthesis, Growth Rates, And Elemental Ratios: Implications For Past, Present, And Future Ocean Biogeochemistry, D. A. Hutchins, F.-X. Fu, Y. Zhang, M. E. Warner, Y. Feng, K. Portune, P. W. Bernhardt, M. R. Mulholland
Co2 Control Of Trichodesmium N-2 Fixation, Photosynthesis, Growth Rates, And Elemental Ratios: Implications For Past, Present, And Future Ocean Biogeochemistry, D. A. Hutchins, F.-X. Fu, Y. Zhang, M. E. Warner, Y. Feng, K. Portune, P. W. Bernhardt, M. R. Mulholland
OES Faculty Publications
Diazotrophic marine cyanobacteria in the genus Trichodesmium contribute a large fraction of the new nitrogen entering the oligotrophic oceans, but little is known about how they respond to shifts in global change variables such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature. We compared Trichodesmium dinitrogen (N2) and CO2 fixation rates during steady-state growth under past, current, and future CO2 scenarios, and at two relevant temperatures. At projected CO2 levels of year 2100 (76 Pa, 750 ppm), N2 fixation rates of Pacific and Atlantic isolates increased 35-100%, and CO2 fixation rates increased 15-128% …
Light Environment And Seasonal Dynamics Of Microalgae In The Annual Sea Ice At Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica, L. Lazzara, I. Nardello, C. Ermanni, O. Mangoni, V. Saggiomo
Light Environment And Seasonal Dynamics Of Microalgae In The Annual Sea Ice At Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica, L. Lazzara, I. Nardello, C. Ermanni, O. Mangoni, V. Saggiomo
OES Faculty Publications
We investigated the physical conditions of the Spring pack ice environment at Terra Nova Bay to understand their influence on the structure and physiology of sympagic microalgae. Bio-optical methods were used to study the availability and spectral quality of solar radiation, both inside and underneath the ice cover. Pack ice thickness was around 2.5 m, with a temperature between -2 and -7°C. On average, only 1.4% of surface PAR penetrated to the bottom ice and less than 0.6% below platelet ice level. Surface UV-B radiation under the bottom ice was 0.2-0.4%. Biomass concentrations up to 2400 mg Chl a m- …
Trampling, Peeling And Nibbling Mussels: An Experimental Assessment Of Mechanical And Predatory Damage To Shells Of Mytilus Trossulus (Mollusca: Mytilidae), Carlos E. Cintra-Buenrostro
Trampling, Peeling And Nibbling Mussels: An Experimental Assessment Of Mechanical And Predatory Damage To Shells Of Mytilus Trossulus (Mollusca: Mytilidae), Carlos E. Cintra-Buenrostro
School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Shell damage, if properly recognized, can provide information about biotic interactions between molluscs and their predators. However, it can be difficult to distinguish predatory damage from mechanical breakage, thus making interpretation of damaged modern and fossil shells problematic. To establish a clear-cut distinction between antemortem predatory crab damage and ante- and postmortem mechanical damage in Mytilus trossulus shells, a combined field and experimental approach was used. Mussels were exposed to predation by crabs, tumbled-live, tumbled-dead, and trampled. After 100 h of tumbling, live-collected mussel shells were abraded and disarticulated but not otherwise damaged. Eight percent of the dead-collected shells were …
Otolith Chemistry Reflects Frontal Systems In The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. R. Ashford, A. I. Arkhipkin, C. M. Jones
Otolith Chemistry Reflects Frontal Systems In The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. R. Ashford, A. I. Arkhipkin, C. M. Jones
OES Faculty Publications
Pronounced environmental trends across fronts suggest that the otolith chemistry of oceanic fish can resolve zones on either side, promoting application to population questions at similar spatial scales. Trace and minor elements laid down immediately prior to capture - along the edges of otoliths from Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides - discriminated frontal zones in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Mean values differentiated sampling areas by up to 2.6 standard deviations, suggesting: (1) otolith Mg/Ca enrichment related to fish activity around the Burdwood Bank; (2) Mn/Ca enrichment associated with South America; (3) Sr/Ca linked to the presence …
Simulations Of Phytoplankton Species And Carbon Production In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean 1. Model Configuration And Ecosystem Dynamics, Baris Salihoglu, Eileen E. Hofmann
Simulations Of Phytoplankton Species And Carbon Production In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean 1. Model Configuration And Ecosystem Dynamics, Baris Salihoglu, Eileen E. Hofmann
OES Faculty Publications
The primary objective of this research is to investigate phytoplankton community response to variations in physical forcing and biological processes in the Cold Tongue region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 0N, 140W. This research objective was addressed using a one-dimensional multicomponent lower trophic level ecosystem model that includes detailed algal physiology, such as spectrally-dependent photosynthetic processes and iron limitation on algal growth. The ecosystem model is forced by a one-year (1992) time series of spectrally-dependent light, temperature, and water column mixing obtained from a Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) Array mooring. Autotrophic growth is represented by five algal groups, which have …
Review Of The Crevalle Jacks, Caranx Hippos Complex (Teleostei: Carangidae), With A Description Of A New Species From West Africa, William F. Smith-Vaniz, Kent E. Carpenter
Review Of The Crevalle Jacks, Caranx Hippos Complex (Teleostei: Carangidae), With A Description Of A New Species From West Africa, William F. Smith-Vaniz, Kent E. Carpenter
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The Caranx hippos species complex comprises three extant species: crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) (Linnaeus, 1766) from both the western and eastern Atlantic oceans; Pacific crevalle jack (Caranx caninus) Günther,1868 from the eastern Pacific Ocean; and longfin crevalle jack (Caranx fischeri) new species, from the eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea and Ascension Island. Adults of all three species are superficially similar with a black blotch on the lower half of the pectoral fin, a black spot on the upper margin of opercle, one or two pairs of enlarged symphyseal canines on the lower jaw, …
Nroc Coordination And Program Delivery, Amanda Stone, Frank Mitchell
Nroc Coordination And Program Delivery, Amanda Stone, Frank Mitchell
PREP Reports & Publications
The primary goal of the Natural Resources Outreach Coalition (NROC) program is to provide education and outreach to communities in the NH Coastal Watersheds that are dealing with the effects of growth, and looking for ways to conserve open spaces and natural resources. Program objectives to meet this goal include: 1. NROC and client communities determine natural resource concerns of the communities. 2. NROC and client communities gather community information about these concerns 3. NROC develops and client communities host community presentations about natural resource-based planning. 4. Communities receive follow up technical and educational assistance as requested. In 2006, NROC …
Juvenile Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria L.Research In The Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, Brian F. Beal
Juvenile Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria L.Research In The Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, Brian F. Beal
PREP Reports & Publications
A series of field experiments was conducted at two intertidal sites in the Hampton Seabrook Estuary from November 2004-2006 to assess the efficacy of enhancing intertidal areas with cultured clam (Mya arenaria L.) seed (mean shell length [SL] = 7-10 mm). Measurement variables in each experiment included survival and growth of both cultured and wild seed clams. The first of three trials (November 2004 - May 2005) examined the interactive effects of size of planting area (4 m2, 8 m2, 12 m2, and 18 m2) and predator deterrent netting (none, 4.2 mm, and 6.4 mm aperture [flexible, plastic netting]) at …
Shoreland Buffer Module For Granit Data Mapper, Fay A. Rubin, David G. Justice
Shoreland Buffer Module For Granit Data Mapper, Fay A. Rubin, David G. Justice
PREP Reports & Publications
The Complex Systems Research Center at the University of New Hampshire enhanced the GRANIT Data Mapper (http://mapper.granit.unh.edu) by incorporating data describing shoreline buffers in New Hampshire. The project supports an ongoing, comprehensive New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP) outreach initiative that seeks to educate municipal decision-makers about the importance of stream buffers in preserving water quality in coastal New Hampshire. It complements these existing outreach efforts by allowing coastal managers, local land use boards, and the general public to readily visualize the spatial extent of current and/or proposed shoreline regulations in their community. The primary data source for the analysis was …
Town Of Strafford Nroc Projects, Carolyn Page, Al Pratt, Jeff Schloss, Harmony Anderson
Town Of Strafford Nroc Projects, Carolyn Page, Al Pratt, Jeff Schloss, Harmony Anderson
PREP Reports & Publications
The three Strafford committees formed through the work with the Natural Resources Outreach Coalition in 2004 and supported by the grant award from the New Hampshire Estuaries Project have succeeded in furthering land protection, water quality protection, and managing growth here in Strafford. The original NROC meetings brought many new volunteer citizens into the process, but even their enthusiasm and willingness to work could not have earned these results without the financial support of the NHEP grant award. Hours of letter writing and personal contact with landowners by the volunteers of the Land Protection Group have raised awareness of the …
Shellfish Tissue Monitoring In New Hampshire Estuaries 2005, Phil Trowbridge
Shellfish Tissue Monitoring In New Hampshire Estuaries 2005, Phil Trowbridge
PREP Reports & Publications
Conducted by a committee of Canadian and US government and university scientists, Gulfwatch examines the effects of decades of development and industrialization on the water quality of the Gulf as it relates to human health as well as its impact on other marine organisms. Gulfwatch scientists collect blue mussels at over 60 US and Canadian sites Gulf-wide, and analyze the organisms’ tissue for potentially harmful levels and concentrations of toxins including heavy metals, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). New Hampshire increased the number of Gulfwatch sampling locations from two sites per year in 1997 to …