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Articles 4321 - 4350 of 7416

Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology

An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford Jan 2012

An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford

OES Faculty Publications

Infectious diseases are recognized as an important factor regulating marine ecosystems (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002, 2004; Porter et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2004; Ward and Lafferty, 2004; Stewart et al., 2008; Bienfang et al., 2011). Many of the organisms affected by marine diseases have important ecological roles in estuarine and coastal environments and some are also commercially important. Outbreaks of infectious diseases in these environments, referred to as epizootics, can produce significant population declines and extinctions, both of which threaten biodiversity, food web interactions, and ecosystem productivity (Harvell et al., 2002, 2004).

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The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell Jan 2012

The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell

OES Faculty Publications

The degree of genetic connectivity among populations in a metapopulation has direct consequences for species evolution, development of disease resistance, and capacity of a metapopulation to adapt to climate change. This study used a metapopulation model that integrates population dynamics, dispersal, and genetics within an individual-based model framework to examine the mechanisms and dynamics of genetic connectivity within a metapopulation. The model was parameterized to simulate four populations of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Delaware Bay on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Differences among the four populations include a strong spatial gradient in mortality, a spatial gradient …

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Database Of Diazotrophs In Global Ocean: Abundance, Biomass, And Nitrogen Fixation Rates, Y. W. Luo, S. C. Doney, L. A. Anderson, M. Benavides, I. Berman-Frank, A. Bode, S. Bonnet, K. H. Boström, D. Böttjer, D. G. Capone, M. R. Mulholland Jan 2012

Database Of Diazotrophs In Global Ocean: Abundance, Biomass, And Nitrogen Fixation Rates, Y. W. Luo, S. C. Doney, L. A. Anderson, M. Benavides, I. Berman-Frank, A. Bode, S. Bonnet, K. H. Boström, D. Böttjer, D. G. Capone, M. R. Mulholland

OES Faculty Publications

Marine N2 fixing microorganisms, termed di-azotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic cell counts or …

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Controls On Dissolved Cobalt In Surface Waters Of The Sargasso Sea: Comparisons With Iron And Aluminum, R. U. Shelley, Peter N. Sedwick, T. S. Bibby, P. Cabedo-Sanz, T. M. Church, R. J. Johnson, A. I. Macey, C. M. Marsay, E. R. Sholkovitz, S. J. Ussher, P. J. Worsfold, M. C. Lohan Jan 2012

Controls On Dissolved Cobalt In Surface Waters Of The Sargasso Sea: Comparisons With Iron And Aluminum, R. U. Shelley, Peter N. Sedwick, T. S. Bibby, P. Cabedo-Sanz, T. M. Church, R. J. Johnson, A. I. Macey, C. M. Marsay, E. R. Sholkovitz, S. J. Ussher, P. J. Worsfold, M. C. Lohan

OES Faculty Publications

Dissolved cobalt (dCo), iron (dFe) and aluminum (dAl) were determined in water column samples along a meridional transect (∼31°N to 24°N) south of Bermuda in June 2008. A general north-to-south increase in surface concentrations of dFe (0.3-1.6 nM) and dAl (14-42 nM) was observed, suggesting that aerosol deposition is a significant source of dFe and dAl, whereas no clear trend was observed. for near-surface dCo concentrations. Shipboard aerosol samples indicate fractional solubility values of 8-100% for aerosol Co, which are significantly higher than corresponding estimates of the solubility of aerosol Fe (0.44-45%). Hydrographic observations and analysis of time series rain …

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Multi-Partner Interactions In Corals In The Face Of Climate Change, Koty H. Sharp, Kim B. Ritchie Jan 2012

Multi-Partner Interactions In Corals In The Face Of Climate Change, Koty H. Sharp, Kim B. Ritchie

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent research has explored the possibility that increased sea-surface temperatures and decreasing pH (ocean acidification) contribute to the ongoing decline of coral reef ecosystems. Within corals, a diverse microbiome exerts significant influence on biogeochemical and ecological processes, including food webs, organismal life cycles, and chemical and nutrient cycling. Microbes on coral reefs play a critical role in regulating larval recruitment, bacterial colonization, and pathogen abundance under ambient conditions, ultimately governing the overall resilience of coral reef systems. As a result, microbial processes may be involved in reef ecosystem-level responses to climate change. Developments of new molecular technologies, in addition to …

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Fall 2012, Nsu Oceanographic Center Jan 2012

Fall 2012, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

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Biology Department Newsletter, No.2, Sacred Heart University Jan 2012

Biology Department Newsletter, No.2, Sacred Heart University

Biology Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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An Unbiased Approach To Identify Genes Involved In Development In A Turtle With Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination, Jena L. Chojnowski, Edward L. Braun Jan 2012

An Unbiased Approach To Identify Genes Involved In Development In A Turtle With Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination, Jena L. Chojnowski, Edward L. Braun

Natural Sciences Faculty Publications

Many reptiles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). The initial cue in TSD is incubation temperature, unlike genotypic sex determination (GSD) where it is determined by the presence of specific alleles (or genetic loci). We used patterns of gene expression to identify candidates for genes with a role in TSD and other developmental processes without making a priori assumptions about the identity of these genes (ortholog-based approach). We identified genes with sexually dimorphic mRNA accumulation during the temperature sensitive period of development in the Red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta), a turtle with TSD. Genes with differential mRNA accumulation in response to …

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Age Composition And Distribution Of Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus) In Offshore Waters Of The North Central Gulf Of Mexico: An Evaluation Of A Stock Under A Federal Harvest Moratorium, Sean P. Powers, Crystal Hightower, J. Marcus Drymon, Matthew W. Johnson Jan 2012

Age Composition And Distribution Of Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus) In Offshore Waters Of The North Central Gulf Of Mexico: An Evaluation Of A Stock Under A Federal Harvest Moratorium, Sean P. Powers, Crystal Hightower, J. Marcus Drymon, Matthew W. Johnson

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Because of a lack of fishery- dependent data, assessment of the recovery of fish stocks that undergo the most aggressive form of management, namely harvest moratoriums, remains a challenge. Large schools of red drum (Sclaenops ocellatus) were common along the northern Gulf of Mexico until the late 1980s when increased fishing effort quickly depleted the stock. After 24 years of harvest moratorium on red drum in federal waters, the stock is in need of reassessment; however, fishery dependent data are not available in federal waters and fishery-independent data are limited. We document the distribution, age composition, growth, and condition of …

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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Chronological Aging And Cell Death In The Toxic Dinoflagellate, Karenia Brevis, Jillian Grace Johnson Jan 2012

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Chronological Aging And Cell Death In The Toxic Dinoflagellate, Karenia Brevis, Jillian Grace Johnson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, forms nearly annual blooms in the Gulf of Mexico that persist for many months in coastal waters, causing extensive marine animal mortalities and human health impacts. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to cell survival in high density, low growth blooms, and the mechanisms leading to often rapid bloom demise are not well understood. The studies presented in this dissertation investigate the existence and involvement of a programmed cell death-like (PCD-like) pathway in the demise of K. brevis cultures following oxidative stress and chronological aging. Firstly, to gain an understanding of the molecular processes that underlie …

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Determination Of The Spawning Season Of Bigmouth Sleeper In Puerto Rico By Examination Of Gonad Maturation And Reproductive Hormone Cycles, Nathan J. Harris, J. Wesley Neal, Todd D. Sink, Peter W. Perschbacher Jan 2012

Determination Of The Spawning Season Of Bigmouth Sleeper In Puerto Rico By Examination Of Gonad Maturation And Reproductive Hormone Cycles, Nathan J. Harris, J. Wesley Neal, Todd D. Sink, Peter W. Perschbacher

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Bigmouth sleepers, Gobiomorus dormitor, are diadromous fish that have potential for hatchery production as both food and sport fish and for conservation purposes. Understanding of bigmouth sleeper maturation and seasonal hormone cycling are necessary in order to realize hatchery production. Therefore, seasonal trends in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma vitellogenin, estradiol, progesterone and total testosterone concentrations were examined in wild and captive populations in Puerto Rico during the presumed spawning season. The spawning season for wild river populations of bigmouth sleepers was protracted over several months, but peaks in male testosterone (6.5 ng/mL) and female vitellogenin (11.3 ng/mL), estradiol …

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Effects Of A Severe Cold Event On The Subtropical, Estuarine-Dependent Common Snook, Centropomus Undecimalis, Aaron J. Adams, Jessica E. Hill, Benjamin N. Kurth, Andrew B. Barbour Jan 2012

Effects Of A Severe Cold Event On The Subtropical, Estuarine-Dependent Common Snook, Centropomus Undecimalis, Aaron J. Adams, Jessica E. Hill, Benjamin N. Kurth, Andrew B. Barbour

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The effects of infrequent disturbance events on marine fishes are often difficult to determine, due largely to lack of sufficient pre- and post-disturbance event data. In January 2010, subtropical southwestern Florida (USA) experienced extreme cold for 13 days, which caused extensive mortality of many fish species. The effect of this severe cold event on common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), an economically important gamefish, was assessed using three years (2007-2009) of pre-event and one year (2010) of post-event data from a tag-recapture program conducted over 28 km of Gulf of Mexico barrier islands of Florida. All metrics pointed to a …

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Early Growth Of Three Kingfish (Menticirrhus) Species Found In Coastal Waters Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, E. John Anderson, Bruce H. Comyns, Harriet Perry, Chet F. Rakocinski Jan 2012

Early Growth Of Three Kingfish (Menticirrhus) Species Found In Coastal Waters Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, E. John Anderson, Bruce H. Comyns, Harriet Perry, Chet F. Rakocinski

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus), gulf kingfish (M. littoralis), and northern kingfish (M. saxatilis) are members of the drum family (Sciaenidae) that are widespread in coastal habitats of the western Atlantic, including in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Despite their economic and ecological importance, little is known about growth of young kingfish. Young kingfish were collected from four different Mississippi shoreline habitats in 2005 and 2006; two associated with barrier islands and two along the mainland. Barrier island habitats included surf zones on the south shore and grass beds on the north shore. Mainland habitats …

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Flexible Feeding Strategies Of Juvenile Gray Triggerfish (Balistes Capriscus) And Planehead Filefish (Stephanolepis Hispidus) Within Sargassum Habitat, Sarah E. Ballard, Chet F. Rakocinski Jan 2012

Flexible Feeding Strategies Of Juvenile Gray Triggerfish (Balistes Capriscus) And Planehead Filefish (Stephanolepis Hispidus) Within Sargassum Habitat, Sarah E. Ballard, Chet F. Rakocinski

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Sargassum-associated juvenile gray triggerfish and planehead filefish exhibited flexible feeding strategies in terms of their use of epifauna or pelagic zooplankton. Four diet samples represented instances of co-occurrence and segregated occurrence. Co-occurring gray triggerfish had the most specialized diets consisting mainly of pelagic copepods and hyperiid amphipods. Conversely, segregated triggerfish as well as both co-occurring and segregated filefish had broader diets mainly consisting of Sargassum epifauna, such as bryozoans, portunid crabs, and hippolytid shrimp. Still, co-occurring planehead filefish also consumed somewhat more zooplankton than segregated planehead filefish. Ontogenetic diet transitions were not as distinct for gray triggerfish as for …

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A New Baseline For Diadema Antillarum, Echinometra Viridis, E. Lucunter, And Eucidaris Tribuloides Populations Within The Cayos Cochinos Mpa, Honduras, Paul A.X. Bologna, Lucy Webb-Wilson, Patrick Connelly, James E. Saunders Jan 2012

A New Baseline For Diadema Antillarum, Echinometra Viridis, E. Lucunter, And Eucidaris Tribuloides Populations Within The Cayos Cochinos Mpa, Honduras, Paul A.X. Bologna, Lucy Webb-Wilson, Patrick Connelly, James E. Saunders

Gulf and Caribbean Research

We investigated the density of 4 urchin species from 5 shallow reefs in the Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area in Honduras. Individual species density varied among reefs with total urchin density ranging from 3.2–7.9 individuals/m2. Echinometra viridis (Agassiz, 1863) was the numerically dominant species (2.29/m2) followed by E. lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (1.76/m2) with Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck 1816) representing the fewest individuals (0.42/m2). Our results indicated that density of Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845) differed significantly among reefs (0.4-1.3/m2, mean = 0.63/m2), but are three times greater than data collected …

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Using The Fishes Of Texas Project Databases And Recent Collections To Detect Range Expansions By Four Fish Species On The Lower Coastal Plain Of Texas, F. Douglas Martin, Adam E. Cohen, Dean A. Hendrickson Jan 2012

Using The Fishes Of Texas Project Databases And Recent Collections To Detect Range Expansions By Four Fish Species On The Lower Coastal Plain Of Texas, F. Douglas Martin, Adam E. Cohen, Dean A. Hendrickson

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The Fishes of Texas project online database is a large, freely available quality controlled fish occurrence database of museum vouchered specimens. We used data from it, the same project’s separate database of occurrences extracted from published literature and our own recent survey data to examine range stability for four fish species inhabiting the Texas Lower Coastal Plain: Fundulus chrysotus, Fundulus jenkinsi, Heterandria formosa and Poecilia formosa. A weakness of our data is that they consist of presences only and species absences can only rarely be inferred. To help adjust for this we used common widespread species as …

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Genetic Diversity Of The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Virus, Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1), And The Discovery Of Pav1 In Lobster Postlarvae, Jessica Moss, Mark J. Butler Iv, Donald C. Behringer Jr., Jeffrey D. Shields Jan 2012

Genetic Diversity Of The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Virus, Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1), And The Discovery Of Pav1 In Lobster Postlarvae, Jessica Moss, Mark J. Butler Iv, Donald C. Behringer Jr., Jeffrey D. Shields

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) is an unclassified, pathogenic virus first discovered in Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys, USA, and has since been confirmed in lobsters in other parts of the Caribbean. Several studies have examined the prevalence, pathogenicity, and population dynamics of the pathogen in the lobster host, but little is known about the genetic diversity of the virus. We analyzed a fragment of viral DNA from lobsters collected in the Florida Keys, which provided the first insight into the genetic diversity of PaV1. The variation in viral sequences, both within and between individual lobsters, …

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Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism In Parhippolyte Misticia (Clark, 1989) (Caridea: Hippolytidae): Implications For The Evolution Of Mixed Sexual Systems In Shrimp, Hitoshi Onaga, G. Curt Fiedler, J. Antonio Baeza Jan 2012

Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism In Parhippolyte Misticia (Clark, 1989) (Caridea: Hippolytidae): Implications For The Evolution Of Mixed Sexual Systems In Shrimp, Hitoshi Onaga, G. Curt Fiedler, J. Antonio Baeza

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The sexual system of the shrimp Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989), inhabiting the rocky subtidal at Okinawa, Japan and Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, was examined. Dissections suggested that the population consisted of male phase (MP) and functional simultaneous euhermaphrodite (EH) individuals. MPs have cincinulli and appendices masculinae on the first and second pair of pleopods, respectively, gonopores located at the coxae of the third pair of walking legs, and ovotestes with a well-developed male portion containing sperm, but an undeveloped female portion. EHs lacked appendices masculinae and cincinulli. However, they have male gonopores and ovotestes with well-developed ovaries containing mature …

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Expansion Dating: Calibrating Molecular Clocks In Marine Species From Expansions Onto The Sunda Shelf Following The Last Glacial Maximum, Eric D. Crandall, Elizabeth J. Sbrocco, Timery S. Deboer, Paul H. Barber, Kent E. Carpenter Jan 2012

Expansion Dating: Calibrating Molecular Clocks In Marine Species From Expansions Onto The Sunda Shelf Following The Last Glacial Maximum, Eric D. Crandall, Elizabeth J. Sbrocco, Timery S. Deboer, Paul H. Barber, Kent E. Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The rate of change in DNA is an important parameter for understanding molecular evolution and hence for inferences drawn from studies of phylogeography and phylogenetics. Most rate calibrations for mitochondrial coding regions in marine species have been made from divergence dating for fossils and vicariant events older than 1-2 My and are typically 0.5-2% per lineage per million years. Recently, calibrations made with ancient DNA (aDNA) from younger dates have yielded faster rates, suggesting that estimates of the molecular rate of change depend on the time of calibration, decaying from the instantaneous mutation rate to the phylogenetic substitution rate. aDNA …

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Reproductive Biology And Recruitment Of Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri In A Marine Protected Area In The Western Atlantic: Implications For Resource Management, Ariádine C. Almeida, J. Antonio Baeza, Vivian Fransozo, Antonio L. Castilho, Adilson Fransozo Jan 2012

Reproductive Biology And Recruitment Of Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri In A Marine Protected Area In The Western Atlantic: Implications For Resource Management, Ariádine C. Almeida, J. Antonio Baeza, Vivian Fransozo, Antonio L. Castilho, Adilson Fransozo

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The potential of a recently established marine protected area (MPA) in the Western Atlantic, Brazil, as a 'seed production' and nursery ground for Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, an intensively exploited penaeid shrimp, was investigated in an attempt to reveal any future benefit of this new MPA to adjacent populations experiencing heavy exploitation. Overall, we observed that males and females >12 and 20 mm carapace length, respectively, contributed the most to reproduction in the studied population. Reproductive activity of X. kroyeri was continuous at the MPA; 2 annual reproductive peaks were recorded from March to April and from November to December, which were …

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Testing The Role Of Male-Male Competition In The Evolution Of Sexual Dimorphism: A Comparison Between Two Species Of Porcelain Crabs, J. Antonio Baeza, Cynthia M. Asorey Jan 2012

Testing The Role Of Male-Male Competition In The Evolution Of Sexual Dimorphism: A Comparison Between Two Species Of Porcelain Crabs, J. Antonio Baeza, Cynthia M. Asorey

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Theory predicts marked sexual dimorphism in terms of body size and body structures used as weapons (e.g. chelipeds) in gonochoric species with intense male sexual competition for receptive females and reduced or no sexual dimorphism in species where competition among males is trivial. We tested this hypothesis using a pair of closely-related species of symbiotic porcelain crabs as a model. In one species that inhabits sea anemones solitarily, competition among males for receptive females is unimportant. In a second species that dwells as dense aggregations on sea urchins, malemale competition for sexual partners is recurrent. We expected considerable sexual dimorphism …

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Barnacle Bonding: Morphology Of Attachment Of Xenobalanus Globicipitis To Its Host Tursiops Truncatus, Mark C. Pugliese, Stefanie Anne Boettger, Frank E. Fish Jan 2012

Barnacle Bonding: Morphology Of Attachment Of Xenobalanus Globicipitis To Its Host Tursiops Truncatus, Mark C. Pugliese, Stefanie Anne Boettger, Frank E. Fish

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Bioahdhesion In Caulerpa Mexicana (Chlorophyta); Rhizoid-Substrate Adhesion, Wayne R. Fagerburg, Jennifer Towle, Clinton J. Dawes, Anne Boettger Jan 2012

Bioahdhesion In Caulerpa Mexicana (Chlorophyta); Rhizoid-Substrate Adhesion, Wayne R. Fagerburg, Jennifer Towle, Clinton J. Dawes, Anne Boettger

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Acetylcholine Esterase Activity And Muscle Contraction In The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus (Lamarck) Following Chronic Phosphate Exposure, S. Anne Boettger, James B. Mcclintock Jan 2012

Acetylcholine Esterase Activity And Muscle Contraction In The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus (Lamarck) Following Chronic Phosphate Exposure, S. Anne Boettger, James B. Mcclintock

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spotlight On Usc: South Carolina Institute For Anthropology And Archaeology, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Spotlight On Usc: South Carolina Institute For Anthropology And Archaeology, Allison Marsh

Section 4: Imaging the Concealed

No abstract provided.

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Mapping The Ocean Frontier, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Mapping The Ocean Frontier, Allison Marsh

Section 4: Imaging the Concealed

No abstract provided.

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Seeing With Sound, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Seeing With Sound, Allison Marsh

Section 4: Imaging the Concealed

No abstract provided.

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World Ocean Floor, Courtesy Of The Library Of Congress, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

World Ocean Floor, Courtesy Of The Library Of Congress, Allison Marsh

Section 4: Imaging the Concealed

No abstract provided.

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Marie Tharp At Her Drafting Table, Courtesy Of The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute, Columbia University, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Marie Tharp At Her Drafting Table, Courtesy Of The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute, Columbia University, Allison Marsh

Section 4: Imaging the Concealed

No abstract provided.

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Discrimination Of Juvenile Red Snapper Otolith Chemical Signatures From Gulf Of Mexico Nursery Regions, Michelle Zapp Sluis, Beverly K. Barnett, William F. Patterson Iii, Alan M. Shiller Jan 2012

Discrimination Of Juvenile Red Snapper Otolith Chemical Signatures From Gulf Of Mexico Nursery Regions, Michelle Zapp Sluis, Beverly K. Barnett, William F. Patterson Iii, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

Age-0 red snapper Lutjanus campechanus from the 2005-2007 year-classes were sampled in six regions across the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) to develop nursery signatures from otolith element : Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Li:Ca) and stable isotope delta values (delta C-13 and delta O-18). Element : Ca ratios were analyzed with sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on dissolved right sagittae; isotope ratio mass spectrometry was employed to analyze pulverized left otoliths for delta C-13 and delta O-18. Otolith chemical signatures were significantly different among regions in each year. Year-class-specific quadratic discriminant function analysis (QDFA) distinguished nursery …

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