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Articles 1861 - 1890 of 7415

Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology

The Impact Of Tidal Elevation And Climate Change On The Growth And Performance Of Balanus Glandula, Sam Martin Jan 2021

The Impact Of Tidal Elevation And Climate Change On The Growth And Performance Of Balanus Glandula, Sam Martin

Pitzer Senior Theses

Tidal elevation affects the survival, growth, and performance of intertidal organisms because it regulates their exposure to heat, waves, food availability, and a variety of other abiotic factors. While previous research has explored the relationship between temperature and the performance of the barnacle Balanus glandula, there are unanswered questions about how tidal elevation affects B. glandula performance and growth. I compared the growth of B. glandula at three tidal elevations in Friday Harbor, Washington, and estimated the metabolic cost of emersion at each tidal elevation using a cost equation gained from thermal performance curves and average daily maximum temperatures. …

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Red Drum And Spotted Seatrout Live-Release Tournament Mortality And Dispersal, T. Reid Nelson, Crystal Hightower, Sean P. Powers Jan 2021

Red Drum And Spotted Seatrout Live-Release Tournament Mortality And Dispersal, T. Reid Nelson, Crystal Hightower, Sean P. Powers

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Although catch-and-release fishing tournaments undoubtedly reduce mortality of target species, postrelease mortality and fish stockpiling at release sites remain common concerns related to these tournaments. The impacts of liverelease tournaments on freshwater species have been widely studied. However, research on estuarine sport fishes is lacking even though catch-and-release tournaments targeting these species are prevalent and popular recreational fisheries exist. Therefore, we estimated the post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus and Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus released from the 2016–2018 Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Rodeo live-weigh-in categories using acoustic telemetry. To concurrently estimate overall post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal, we …

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Documentation Of Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Space Use And Move Persistence In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Facilitated By Angler Advocates, J. Marcus Drymon, Matthew B. Jargowsky, Michael A. Dance, Mitchell Lovell, Crystal L. Hightower, Amanda E. Jefferson, Andrea M. Kroetz, Sean P. Powers Jan 2021

Documentation Of Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Space Use And Move Persistence In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Facilitated By Angler Advocates, J. Marcus Drymon, Matthew B. Jargowsky, Michael A. Dance, Mitchell Lovell, Crystal L. Hightower, Amanda E. Jefferson, Andrea M. Kroetz, Sean P. Powers

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus, hereafter tarpon) are facing a multitude of stressors and are considered Vulnerable by the IUCN; however, significant gaps remain in our understanding of tarpon space use and movement. From 2018 to 2019, citizen scientists facilitated tagging of 23 tarpon with SPOT tags to examine space use and movement across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Movement-based kernel densities were used to estimate simplified biased random bridge-based utilization distributions and a joint move persistence model was used to estimate a behavioral index for each fish. Tarpon showed consistent east–west movement from the Alabama/Florida border to Louisiana, and utilization …

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Occurrence Of Pulmonary Arteritis With Lungworm Infections In Gray Seals From New England, 2013-2020, Jillian R. Broadhurst, Inga Sidor Dvm, Ms, Dacvp Jan 2021

Occurrence Of Pulmonary Arteritis With Lungworm Infections In Gray Seals From New England, 2013-2020, Jillian R. Broadhurst, Inga Sidor Dvm, Ms, Dacvp

Honors Theses and Capstones

Gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) are a common pinniped species in New England coastal waters. Parasitic infection is an important cause of mortality for this species, and lungworm species are frequently implicated in cases of respiratory infection, especially in pups and weanling seals. The most common of these is Otostrongylus circumlitus, a large nematode found in the bronchi and bronchioles of affected seals. The full life cycle is unknown but its presence in lungs and sometimes pulmonary arteries suggests that migration via arterial circulation occurs. Signs and microscopic findings are widely variable; our cases included dyspnea, bloody mucoid …

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Assessing Habitat Suitability Of Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia Demissa) In Georgia Salt Marshes By Examining Predicted Mussel Densities And Mussel Population Parameters, William K. Annis Jr Jan 2021

Assessing Habitat Suitability Of Ribbed Mussels (Geukensia Demissa) In Georgia Salt Marshes By Examining Predicted Mussel Densities And Mussel Population Parameters, William K. Annis Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussel) is an ecology important bivalve that has the potential to contribute to salt marsh restoration. Understanding the factors that contribute to the distribution of mussels can help inform managers on choosing locations to optimize the survivorship of mussels in restoration projects. This study sought to model mussel densities across the coast of Georgia and to compare predicted mussel densities with mussel population parameters as means to gauge habitat suitability. Mussel densities were collected through field surveys across a range of salt marshes along the coast of Georgia and were compared with spatial data such as distance …

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การกระจายตัวเชิงปริภูมิ–เวลาและสัดส่วนของปรอทรวมและปรอทอินทรีย์ในดินตะกอนอ่าวไทย, ธนกร อุบลแย้ม Jan 2021

การกระจายตัวเชิงปริภูมิ–เวลาและสัดส่วนของปรอทรวมและปรอทอินทรีย์ในดินตะกอนอ่าวไทย, ธนกร อุบลแย้ม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้วิเคราะห์ปริมาณปรอทรวม ปรอทอินทรีย์ ขนาดอนุภาคดินตะกอน แคลเซียมคาร์บอเนต คาร์บอนอินทรีย์ (TOC) ไนโตรเจนรวม (TN) และสัดส่วนโมลของ TOC/TN ในดินตะกอนผิวหน้าจากอ่าวไทยที่เก็บตัวอย่างจาก 3 พื้นที่ คือ ปากแม่น้ำสายหลัก 4 สาย (แม่กลอง ท่าจีน เจ้าพระยา และบางปะกง) อ่าวไทยตอนใน และอ่าวไทยตอนล่าง และตัวอย่างแท่งดินตะกอนจากอ่าวไทยตอนล่าง 4 แท่ง และปากแม่น้ำบางปะกง 1 แท่ง ระหว่างปี 2560–2563 (ค.ศ. 2017-2020) หาอายุตะกอนในแท่งตะกอนด้วยวิธีไอโซโทปกัมมันตรังสี 210Pb จากการศึกษาพบว่าปริมาณปรอทรวมในดินตะกอนผิวหน้าที่สะสมบริเวณปากแม่น้ำ (63±23 µg/kg) มีค่าสูงกว่าในอ่าวไทยตอนใน (24±12 µg/kg) และอ่าวไทยตอนล่าง (33±11 µg/kg) ปริมาณปรอทรวมในดินตะกอนผิวหน้าของอ่าวไทยมีความสัมพันธ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p < 0.01) กับคาร์บอนอินทรีย์ (r = 0.64) และไนโตรเจนรวม (r = 0.54) มากกว่ากับปริมาณอนุภาค ละเอียดในดินตะกอน (r = 0.42) การกระจายตัวเชิงพื้นที่ของปรอทบ่งชี้ว่าแหล่งที่มาของปรอทได้รับอิทธิพลจากแผ่นดินและกิจกรรมการสำรวจและผลิตปิโตรเลียมกลางอ่าว และยังพบว่าฤดูกาลมีผลต่อปัจจัยทางเคมีธรณีในดินตะกอนบริเวณ ปากแม่น้ำและปริมาณปรอท โดยในฤดูน้ำหลาก ทุกแม่น้ำจะพบปริมาณปรอทรวม อนุภาคทราย และอัตราส่วน TOC/TN ในดินตะกอนสูงกว่าฤดูแล้ง ยกเว้นปากแม่น้ำแม่กลองที่ปรอทรวมในฤดูน้ำหลากมีค่าต่ำกว่าในฤดูแล้ง ซึ่งอาจเนื่องมาจากอิทธิพลของอนุภาคทรายในดินตะกอนปากแม่น้ำนี้เพิ่มสูงขึ้นอย่างมากในช่วงน้ำหลาก ผลการศึกษาแท่งดินตะกอนพบว่าปริมาณปรอทรวมเฉลี่ยในแท่งดินตะกอนจากปากแม่น้ำ (48±2 µg/kg) มีค่าสูงกว่าที่ตรวจพบในแท่งดินตะกอนจาก อ่าวไทยตอนล่าง (

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Patterns Of Dispersion, Movement And Feeding Of The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, And The Potential Implications For Grazing Impact On Live Seagrass, Adrianna Parson, Joseph M. Dirnberger, Troy Mutchler Jan 2021

Patterns Of Dispersion, Movement And Feeding Of The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, And The Potential Implications For Grazing Impact On Live Seagrass, Adrianna Parson, Joseph M. Dirnberger, Troy Mutchler

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is a known grazer of both living and dead tissue of turtlegrass, Thalassia testudinum, occasionally denuding large areas of seagrass. Field studies have attempted to assess effects of herbivory on seagrass by enclosing urchins at various densities. However, it is unclear how unrestricted urchins affect seagrass at lower densities more typically observed in the field. This study describes movement, feeding, and distribution of L. variegatus within beds of T. testudinum in St. Joseph Bay, Florida (USA) to quantify this urchin’s impact as a seagrass grazer. Urchins were absent from portions of seagrass beds closest to …

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A Sea Turtle Population Assessment For Florida's Big Bend, Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Ryan M. Chabot, Ryan C. Welsh, Cody R. Mott, Jeffrey R. Guertin, Brian M. Shamblin, Blair E. Witherington Jan 2021

A Sea Turtle Population Assessment For Florida's Big Bend, Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Ryan M. Chabot, Ryan C. Welsh, Cody R. Mott, Jeffrey R. Guertin, Brian M. Shamblin, Blair E. Witherington

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Coastal waters of Florida’s Big Bend, Gulf of Mexico (GOM) once supported one of the largest sea turtle fisheries in the United States. To fill an information gap in this region on abundance and distribution of sea turtles, we used vessel—based distance sampling and active capture methods to characterize current foraging aggregations near the St. Martins Marsh Aquatic Preserve. Over 10 sampling periods between 2012—2018, we completed 513 km of transects and recorded 819 turtles among 4 species—green turtle (Chelonia mydas, n = 624), Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii, n = 147), loggerhead (Caretta caretta, …

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Elevating Dissolved Oxygen—Reflections On Developing And Using Long-Term Data, Nancy N. Rabalais Jan 2021

Elevating Dissolved Oxygen—Reflections On Developing And Using Long-Term Data, Nancy N. Rabalais

Gulf and Caribbean Research

This prospectus took me about as long to generate as my 36—year record of working on the issue of northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) oxygen deficiency, or so I felt. There was so much to cover, but I focused on the issue of hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf from the early 1980s to present and my participation in the research and outreach. Not that I was ignoring other aspects of my academic research career (e.g., stone crab populations and their differences in physiology and larval development along the nGOM coast; settlement of crab megalopae, especially blue crabs, on artificial …

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Scaling The Effects Of Ocean Acidification On Coral Growth And Coral-Coral Competition On Coral Community Recovery, Nicolas R. Evensen, Yves-Marie Bozec, Peter J. Edmunds, Peter J. Mumby Jan 2021

Scaling The Effects Of Ocean Acidification On Coral Growth And Coral-Coral Competition On Coral Community Recovery, Nicolas R. Evensen, Yves-Marie Bozec, Peter J. Edmunds, Peter J. Mumby

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Ocean acidification (OA) is negatively affecting calcification in a wide variety of marine organisms. These effects are acute for many tropical scleractinian corals under short-term experimental conditions, but it is unclear how these effects interact with ecological processes, such as competition for space, to impact coral communities over multiple years. This study sought to test the use of individual-based models (IBMs) as a tool to scale up the effects of OA recorded in short-term studies to community-scale impacts, combining data from field surveys and mesocosm experiments to parameterize an IBM of coral community recovery on the fore reef of Moorea, …

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Consensus Guidelines For Advancing Coral Holobiont Genome And Specimen Voucher Deposition, Christian R. Voolstra, Kate M. Quigley, Sarah W. Davies, John Everett Parkinson, Raquel S. Peixoto, Manuel Aranda, Andrew C. Baker, Adam R. Barno, Daniel J. Barshis, Francesca Benzoni, Victor Bonito, David G. Bourne, Carol Buitrago-López, Tom C.L. Bridge, Cheong Xin Chan, David J. Combosch, Jamie Craggs, Jörg C. Frommlet, Santiago Herrera, Andrea M. Quattrini, Till Röthig, James D. Reimer, Esther Rubio-Portillo, David J. Suggett, Helena Villela, Maren Ziegler, Michael Sweet Jan 2021

Consensus Guidelines For Advancing Coral Holobiont Genome And Specimen Voucher Deposition, Christian R. Voolstra, Kate M. Quigley, Sarah W. Davies, John Everett Parkinson, Raquel S. Peixoto, Manuel Aranda, Andrew C. Baker, Adam R. Barno, Daniel J. Barshis, Francesca Benzoni, Victor Bonito, David G. Bourne, Carol Buitrago-López, Tom C.L. Bridge, Cheong Xin Chan, David J. Combosch, Jamie Craggs, Jörg C. Frommlet, Santiago Herrera, Andrea M. Quattrini, Till Röthig, James D. Reimer, Esther Rubio-Portillo, David J. Suggett, Helena Villela, Maren Ziegler, Michael Sweet

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Coral research is being ushered into the genomic era. To fully capitalize on the potential discoveries from this genomic revolution, the rapidly increasing number of high-quality genomes requires effective pairing with rigorous taxonomic characterizations of specimens and the contextualization of their ecological relevance. However, to date there is no formal framework that genomicists, taxonomists, and coral scientists can collectively use to systematically acquire and link these data. Spurred by the recently announced “Coral symbiosis sensitivity to environmental change hub” under the “Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics Project” - a collaboration between the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation …

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Remarkably High And Consistent Tolerance Of A Red Sea Coral To Acute And Chronic Thermal Stress Exposures, Nicolas R. Evensen, Maoz Fine, Gabriela Perna, Christian R. Voolstra, Daniel J. Barshis Jan 2021

Remarkably High And Consistent Tolerance Of A Red Sea Coral To Acute And Chronic Thermal Stress Exposures, Nicolas R. Evensen, Maoz Fine, Gabriela Perna, Christian R. Voolstra, Daniel J. Barshis

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Global warming is resulting in unprecedented levels of coral mortality due to mass bleaching events and, more recently, marine heatwaves, where rapid increases in seawater temperature cause mortality within days. Here, we compare the response of a ubiquitous scleractinian coral, Stylophora pistillata, from the northern Red Sea to acute (7 h) and chronic (7-11 d) thermal stress events that include temperature treatments of 27 degrees C (i.e., the local maximum monthly mean), 29.5 degrees C, 32 degrees C, and 34.5 degrees C, and assess recovery of the corals following exposure. Overall, S. pistillata exhibited remarkably similar responses to acute …

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Fast And Pervasive Transcriptomic Resilience And Acclimation Of Extremely Heat-Tolerant Coral Holobionts From The Northern Red Sea, Romain Savary, Daniel J. Barshis, Christian R. Voolstra, Anny Cárdenas, Nicolas R. Evensen, Guilhem Banc-Prandi, Maoz Fine, Anders Meiborn Jan 2021

Fast And Pervasive Transcriptomic Resilience And Acclimation Of Extremely Heat-Tolerant Coral Holobionts From The Northern Red Sea, Romain Savary, Daniel J. Barshis, Christian R. Voolstra, Anny Cárdenas, Nicolas R. Evensen, Guilhem Banc-Prandi, Maoz Fine, Anders Meiborn

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Corals from the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba exhibit extreme thermal tolerance. To examine the underlying gene expression dynamics, we exposed Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Aqaba to short-term (hours) and long-term (weeks) heat stress with peak seawater temperatures ranging from their maximum monthly mean of 27 °C (baseline) to 29.5 °C, 32 °C, and 34.5 °C. Corals were sampled at the end of the heat stress as well as after a recovery period at baseline temperature. Changes in coral host and symbiotic algal gene expression were determined via RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Shifts in coral microbiome composition were …

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Global Extinction Risk For Seahorses, Pipefishes And Their Near Relatives (Syngnathiformes), Riley A. Pollom, Gina M. Ralph, Caroline M. Pollock, Amanda C.J. Vincent Jan 2021

Global Extinction Risk For Seahorses, Pipefishes And Their Near Relatives (Syngnathiformes), Riley A. Pollom, Gina M. Ralph, Caroline M. Pollock, Amanda C.J. Vincent

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Few marine taxa have been comprehensively assessed for their conservation status, despite heavy pressures from fishing, habitat degradation and climate change. Here we report on the first global assessment of extinction risk for 300 species of syngnathiform fishes known as of 2017, using the IUCN Red List criteria. This order of bony teleosts is dominated by seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons (family Syngnathidae). It also includes trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae), shrimpfishes (Centriscidae), cornetfishes (Fistulariidae) and ghost pipefishes (Solenostomidae). At least 6% are threatened, but data suggest a mid-point estimate of 7.9% and an upper bound of 38%. Most of the threatened species are …

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Variation In Coral Thermotolerance Across A Pollution Gradient Erodes As Coral Symbionts Shift To More Heat-Tolerant Genera, Melissa S. Naugle, Thomas A. Oliver, Daniel J. Barshis, Ruth D. Gates, Cheryl A. Logan Jan 2021

Variation In Coral Thermotolerance Across A Pollution Gradient Erodes As Coral Symbionts Shift To More Heat-Tolerant Genera, Melissa S. Naugle, Thomas A. Oliver, Daniel J. Barshis, Ruth D. Gates, Cheryl A. Logan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Phenotypic plasticity is one mechanism whereby species may cope with stressful environmental changes associated with climate change. Reef building corals present a good model for studying phenotypic plasticity because they have experienced rapid climate-driven declines in recent decades (within a single generation of many corals), often with differential survival among individuals during heat stress. Underlying differences in thermotolerance may be driven by differences in baseline levels of environmental stress, including pollution stress. To examine this possibility, acute heat stress experiments were conducted on Acropora hyacinthus from 10 sites around Tutuila, American Samoa with differing nutrient pollution impact. A threshold-based heat …

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Black Grouper (Mycteroperca Bonaci) Neurocranium, Celeste Jaworski, David W. Kerstetter Jan 2021

Black Grouper (Mycteroperca Bonaci) Neurocranium, Celeste Jaworski, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Neurocranium from 7.5 cm total length. Black Grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci), collected from Denny's Seafood Market on 15/10/2021 by Celeste Jaworski.

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Gafftopsail Catfish Neurocranium, Allison J. Soucier Jan 2021

Gafftopsail Catfish Neurocranium, Allison J. Soucier

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Gafftopsail Catfish (Bagre marinus), neurocranium length: 11.5 cm, collected from Keewaydin Island in Marco Florida on 15/9/2021 by Allison Soucier.

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Journal Of Ecology 2021 Global Rainfall-Seagrass Resilience-Swan River, Chanelle L. Webster, Kathryn M. Mcmahon, Paul S. Lavery, Simone Strydom, Marta Sánchez Alarcón, Kieryn L. Kilminster, Katherine Bennet, Sian Mcnamara Jan 2021

Journal Of Ecology 2021 Global Rainfall-Seagrass Resilience-Swan River, Chanelle L. Webster, Kathryn M. Mcmahon, Paul S. Lavery, Simone Strydom, Marta Sánchez Alarcón, Kieryn L. Kilminster, Katherine Bennet, Sian Mcnamara

Research Datasets

The excel file contains: summary of daily maximum precipitation from global rainfall analysis, monthly change in seagrass indicators (biomass, leaf density etc); water quality data including salinity, temperature and light data. There are also .nc files containing precipitation data from 1979-2019.

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Supplementary Table 11: Regional Zotu Table (Data As Relative Abundances), Charlie M. Phelps, Kathryn Mcmahon, Andrew Bissett, Rachele Bernasconi, Peter D. Steinberg, Torsten Thomas, Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, Megan J. Huggett Jan 2021

Supplementary Table 11: Regional Zotu Table (Data As Relative Abundances), Charlie M. Phelps, Kathryn Mcmahon, Andrew Bissett, Rachele Bernasconi, Peter D. Steinberg, Torsten Thomas, Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, Megan J. Huggett

Research Datasets

This zOTU table is the relative abundances for the whole regional (combined WA and NSW) dataset.

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Accounting For The Influence Of Temperature And Location When Predicting Seagrass (Halophila Ovalis) Photosynthetic Performance, Nicole E. Said, Kathryn Mcmahon, Paul Lavery Jan 2021

Accounting For The Influence Of Temperature And Location When Predicting Seagrass (Halophila Ovalis) Photosynthetic Performance, Nicole E. Said, Kathryn Mcmahon, Paul Lavery

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

We show that the effect of temperature on photosynthesis of a widely distributed and ecological important seagrass species was not consistent among locations, with some evidence of acclimation to the local temperature range. This has important implications for modelling seagrass productivity and the impacts of light reduction on seagrass ecosystems. Reduced light availability is one of the main pressures negatively impacting on seagrass meadows worldwide. Our knowledge of seagrass photosynthetic characteristics is critical to predicting and managing impacts of light reducing activities but suffers from two critical information gaps: first, data is overwhelmingly derived from studies of leaf tissue and …

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Environmental Gradients And Physical Barriers Drive The Basin-Wide Spatial Structuring Of Mediterranean Sea And Adjacent Eastern Atlantic Ocean Prokaryotic Communities, Marta Sebastián, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Laura Gómez-Consarnau, Marina Zamanillo, Marta Álvarez, Javier Arístegui, Josep M. Gasol Jan 2021

Environmental Gradients And Physical Barriers Drive The Basin-Wide Spatial Structuring Of Mediterranean Sea And Adjacent Eastern Atlantic Ocean Prokaryotic Communities, Marta Sebastián, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Laura Gómez-Consarnau, Marina Zamanillo, Marta Álvarez, Javier Arístegui, Josep M. Gasol

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Mediterranean Sea is a miniature ocean divided by the Sicily Strait into two basins with a marked west to east trophic gradient and separated of the nearby eastern Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar. Here, we test the hypothesis that these physical and environmental barriers favor the development of specific prokaryotic assemblages, leading to changes in community structure both in the vertical and horizontal spatial scales. By analyzing taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the 16S rRNA gene, we show that there is indeed marked vertical segregation of prokaryotic groups, similar to that found …

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Assessing The Utility Of Environmental Dna Techniques To Monitor White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Setiferus) Abundance On The Georgia Coast, Raven Hurt Jan 2021

Assessing The Utility Of Environmental Dna Techniques To Monitor White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Setiferus) Abundance On The Georgia Coast, Raven Hurt

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys have developed over the last decade from once being a novel tool to now acting as an effective technology often used in complement to traditional capture surveys for assessing the distribution of organisms in freshwater and marine environments. However, many uncertainties on how to properly develop, operate, and analyze eDNA based techniques still hinder this technology effectiveness in the field. The white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, is a common, commercially and recreationally important species in the United States, with landings exceeding $254 million in 2020. L. setiferus is also used as a key indicator species to changes …

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The Role Of Symbiotic Algae In The Acclimatization Of Oculina Arbuscula To Ocean Acidification, Erin M. Arneson Jan 2021

The Role Of Symbiotic Algae In The Acclimatization Of Oculina Arbuscula To Ocean Acidification, Erin M. Arneson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Ocean acidification (OA) caused by CO2 emissions is projected to decrease seawater pH to 7.6 by 2100. Scleractinian corals are at risk because excess H+ in seawater binds to carbonate (CO32-), reducing its availability for CaCO3 skeletons. The energy demand for skeletal growth increases as pH decreases because corals must actively purge excess H+ from their seawater sourced calcifying fluid to maintain high calcification rates. In scleractinian corals it is hypothesized that photosynthesis by symbiotic algae is critical to meet this increased energy demand. To test this hypothesis, I conducted laboratory and field …

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Lipid Metabolites As Energy Stores In Four Stingray Species, Lauren Moniz Jan 2021

Lipid Metabolites As Energy Stores In Four Stingray Species, Lauren Moniz

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Assessing macronutrient transfer is important for estimating ecosystem health and structure. This nutrient transfer is facilitated through trophic position interactions and the consumption of biomass. Lipids are macronutrients that can be used to assess energy flow. Triglyceride (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) are important lipids that are obtained from diet and integrate into tissues. They are representative of energy stores and potential energy available for metabolic processes. In marine ecosystems, stingrays occupy the mesopredator niche, facilitating nutrient transfer from lower to higher trophic positions. Stingrays consume a variety of prey items ranging in lipid content, but how lipid metabolites …

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Novel Quantification And Localization Of Water And Solute Transporters In The Tissues Of The Spiney Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias), Tolulope B. Ojo Jan 2021

Novel Quantification And Localization Of Water And Solute Transporters In The Tissues Of The Spiney Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias), Tolulope B. Ojo

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The dogfish, Squalus acanthias is a marine cartilaginous elasmobranch found in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Dogfish synthesize and excrete urea as a product of nitrogen metabolism. They also convert ammonia into urea and retain this urea, such that their plasma is isosmotic or slightly hyperosmotic to the surrounding seawater. To facilitate the regulation of body fluid and to maintain ionic concentrations and osmotic pressure, Dogfish use ion and solute transporters (e.g., NCC, UT-1) and aquaporin water channel proteins. Studies have identified some of the aquaporin genes in the elasmobranch genome, but their functions are mostly uncharacterized. Recent transcriptomic …

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New Amphibian And Reptile Distribution Records From Eastern South Dakota, Usa, Drew R. Davis Jan 2021

New Amphibian And Reptile Distribution Records From Eastern South Dakota, Usa, Drew R. Davis

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Over recent years, the continued collection of voucher specimens has helped to better document the distributions of South Dakota’s amphibians and reptiles. Despite large increases in our knowledge of these distributions, it remains clear that gaps in our understanding remain. Here, I report 17 new county records of six species of amphibians and reptiles from eastern South Dakota (east of the Missouri River) that are the result of fieldwork conducted in September 2020. The majority of these records are from the northern portions of the James River Lowland, Missouri Coteau, and Drift Plains ecoregions (Bryce et al. 1998), which are …

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Demography, Morphometrics, And Stomach Contents Of Common Ravens Examined As A Result Of Controlled Take, Corinne M. Gibble, Kriss K. Neuman, Jessie Beck Jan 2021

Demography, Morphometrics, And Stomach Contents Of Common Ravens Examined As A Result Of Controlled Take, Corinne M. Gibble, Kriss K. Neuman, Jessie Beck

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Common ravens (Corvus corax; ravens) are known nest predators that have the ability to negatively impact nesting birds, including imperiled species of seabirds and shorebirds. We conducted systematic necropsies of ravens that were lethally controlled in Monterey Bay, California, USA during 2013–2015, in or near western snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) nesting areas, in an effort to better understand body condition, overall health, and diet of individual ravens. Raven predation of snowy plover nests has increased over the years in the Monterey Bay study area, and lethal removal of ravens has been employed to reduce predation. …

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Differential Patterns Of Microbiota Recovery In Symbiotic And Aposymbiotic Corals Following Antibiotic Disturbance, Shavonna M. Bent, Carolyn A. Miller, Koty H. Sharp, Colleen M. Hansel, Amy Apprill Jan 2021

Differential Patterns Of Microbiota Recovery In Symbiotic And Aposymbiotic Corals Following Antibiotic Disturbance, Shavonna M. Bent, Carolyn A. Miller, Koty H. Sharp, Colleen M. Hansel, Amy Apprill

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Microbial relationships are critical to coral health, and changes in microbiomes are often exhibited following environmental disturbance. However, the dynamics of coral-microbial composition and external factors that govern coral microbiome assembly and response to disturbance remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we investigated how antibiotic-induced disturbance affects the coral mucus microbiota in the facultatively symbiotic temperate coral Astrangia poculata, which occurs naturally with high (symbiotic) or low (aposymbiotic) densities of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Breviolum psygmophilum. We also explored how differences in the mucus microbiome of natural and disturbed A. poculata colonies affected levels of extracellular superoxide, a reactive oxygen species thought to …

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Assessing The Significance Of Substrate Color And Temperature On Balanus Glandula Growth And Survivorship, Nhi Phan Jan 2021

Assessing The Significance Of Substrate Color And Temperature On Balanus Glandula Growth And Survivorship, Nhi Phan

CMC Senior Theses

The body temperatures of intertidal species are strongly dependent on the temperature of their external environment. This study sought to understand the impact of a substrate’s color and subsequent temperature on Balanus glandula in order to predict the potential effects of warming temperatures from climate change on intertidal species. Barnacles were allowed to settle and grow on three differently colored plates and were photographically monitored over the course of eleven weeks. Settlement and survivorship were recorded on-site, while growth was tracked utilizing digital imaging software. It was hypothesized that barnacles on peach plates would perform the best since the ambient …

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The Relative Contribution Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) To Periwinkle Snail (Littoraria Irrorata) Predation Mortality In The Lower Salt Marsh Intertidal Of Northeast Florida, Amanda Paige Small Jan 2021

The Relative Contribution Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) To Periwinkle Snail (Littoraria Irrorata) Predation Mortality In The Lower Salt Marsh Intertidal Of Northeast Florida, Amanda Paige Small

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In top-down regulation of ecological communities, predation of grazers is critical for maintaining the presence and growth of essential vegetation. The periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) is a ubiquitous grazer in Atlantic salt marshes that can defoliate patches of Spartina alterniflora when populations are extremely dense. On the east coast of Florida, multiple predators could contribute to periwinkle population control maintaining this critical habitat. This study aimed to determine if the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is the primary predator of periwinkle snails in the salt marsh lower intertidal. Tethering was utilized to assess if periwinkle mortality is …

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