Parasitology Commons^™

Interrelationships Of Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) In Illinois With Emphasis On Host-Parasite Densities, Distribution Of Parasites Within Available Hosts And Estimates Of Percent Parasitism, Robert John Barney

Masters Theses

In an attempt to better understand the host-parasite relationship of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), all life stages of the parasite were monitored throughout the spring. Sampling was conducted on a degree day basis from early March to late May in an alfalfa field in Mason County, Illinois.

Dissections of host alfalfa weevil larvae revealed 2nd and 3rd host instars were preferred larvae for oviposition. Peak parasite densities were found to precede peak total host larval densities, but coincided with peak densities of the preferred 2nd and 3rd instars. Larger host …

Ultrastructure Of Interlamellar Henneguya Exilis In The Channel Catfish, William L. Current, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Ultrastructural aspects of interlamellar Henneguya exilis infections in channel catfish are reported. The plasmodium wall of this form differs from that of other species in that it is composed of two outer unit membranes which give rise to a zone of numerous pinocytic canals. Single-membraned canals appeared to be a stable feature of the wall while double-membraned canals are interpreted as those actively carrying out pinocytosis. Evidence suggests that host cellular cytoplasm as well as interstitial material is taken in by plasmodia. Plasmodium wall integrity, aggregation of parasite ectoplasmic components, numbers of pinocytic canals, and number of mitochondria proximal to …

Ultrastructure Of The Sporocyst Wall During Excystation Of Isospora Endocallimici, Clarence A. Speer, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, Sharon K. File

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporocysts of Isospora endocallimici, a parasite of marmosets, were exposed to minimal essentials medium (MEM) or a trypsin-bile salt solution (TBS) and then fixed and prepared for trans- mission electron microscopy. Excystation occurred in TBS but not MEM. The sporocyst wall has 2 layers, a thin outer layer (15 to 110 nm thick) and a thick inner layer (65 to 180 nm thick), which is composed of 4 separate curved plates. The outer layer consists of 1 to 3 membranes interspersed with lipid droplets. In the inner layer, a thin layer of material connects the peripheral margins of 2 …

Telorchis Gutturosi Sp. N. (Trematoda: Telorchiidae) From Graptemys Pseudogeographica Gray In Nebraska, With Reports Of Additional Species Of Trematodes From Nebraska Turtles, Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

One species of digenean is described and 8 others reported from turtles in Nebraska. Telorchis gutturosi, described from Graptemys pseudogeographica, resembles T. stossichi, T. pseudoaculeatus, and T. pleroticus in having an acetabulum significantly smaller than the oral sucker, but differs by possessing a pharynx which is as large as the acetabulum and having the ovary only 1/10 the body length from the acetabulum. Telorchis necturi is considered the senior synonym of T. cryptobranchi; Graptemys pseudogeographica is a new host. Hapalorhynchus stunkardi is reported for the first time since its description. Based on new morphological evidence, …

Some Platyhelminth Parasites Of Sirens (Amphibia: Sirenidae) From North America, Daniel R. Brooks, Richard L. Buckner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new genus and species of digenean and a new species of cestode are described and a previously described species of digenean reported for the first time from Siren intermedia from Illinois. A new genus is proposed for a previously described digenean, and another known species of digenean reported from Siren lacertina in Florida. Progorgodera foliata from S. intermedia has a foliate hind- body characteristic of members of Phyllodistomum and multiple testes arranged in 2 longitudinal rows characteristic of members of Gorgodera. Ophiotaenia sireni from the same host resembles O. filaroides in number of testes, O. amphiumae and O. …

Two Tetraphyllidean Cestodes From The Freshwater Stingray Potamotrygon Magdalenae Dumeril 1852 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas B. Thorson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new tetraphyllidean cestodes are described from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae from Colombia. The new genus Potamotrygonocestus is proposed for P. magdalenensis, which differs from Pedibothrium by having a bilobed rather than X-shaped ovary, and simple rather than bifid hooks. It further differs from Pachybothrium hutsoni by having bothridial hooks inserted immediately posterior to an accessory sucker rather than inserted in the middle of a thick muscular pad. Potamotrygonocestus magdalenensis is unique among known tetraphyllideans by possessing vitellaria which are compact, cylindrical bands in the lateral portions of the middle of the proglottid. The second new species, Rhinebothrium …

Fabespora Vermicola Sp. N., The First Myxosporidan From A Platyhelminth, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The myxosporidan Fabespora vermicola sp. n., tentatively placed in the family Myxidiidae, is described from the digenean Crassicutis archosargi in an estuarine fish. The myxosporidan becomes the first known from a platyhelminth and the third from an invertebrate. It differs from the only other member of the genus primarily by having polar filaments 32 to 44 μm long rather than about 8 μm, and an infection with it can stop reproduction in the digenean host either by physical means or by necrosis of gametes.

A Redescription Of Crassicutis Archosargi, A Digenean Exhibiting An Unusual Tegumental Attachment, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The homalometrine Crassicutis archosargi from the northern Gulf of Mexico is redescribed, and some related digeneans are discussed. Numerous unidentified refractile bodies occurred in the tegument and other tissues of a few specimens of C. archosargi, and an intimate relationship between the parasite and its piscine host resulting from a modified tegument is reported for others. Binding by the described adhesive tegument increases the number of known ways digeneans attach to their hosts. Several specimens also harbored a histozoic myxosporidan in several tissues and a flagellate, Hexamita sp., in their ceca.

Endoparasites Of Cats In Two Central Utah Communities, Thomas W. Sawyer

Theses and Dissertations

A survey of the endoparasites of 100 stray cats in central Utah was conducted. Each cat was euthanized, and the entire alimentary tract, gall bladder, bile duct, heart, respiratory and excretory systems were excised and examined for endoparasites. Fecal samples were examined by a sugar flotation technique. Parasites identified and number of cats infected were: Isospora felis 5; I. rivolta, 4; Dipylidium caninum, 1; Hydatigera taeniaformis, 10; Toxocara mystax, 43; and Physaloptera sp., 2. One ectoparasite, Cheyletiella parasitivorax, was identified in the feces of 4 cats. Dipylidium caninum and T. mystax are known to cause accidental infection in humans and …

Anesthetization Of Morphologically Similar Species With Carbon Dioxide For Separation And Culture, Gregory R. Noel, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Nematologists frequently encounter congeneric species in sampling for nematodes. No convenient method for the separation of morphologically similar species has been described. For Meloidogyne spp., inoculum consisting of hundreds of eggs can be easily obtained from a single egg mass and a pure population reared on a suitable host. The separation and culture of other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Paratrichodorus spp., is often more difficult. The species may be separated by placing a single female in the rhizosphere of a host plant, but the chances of a single nematode increasing to a high population in a short time …

Concurrent Infection Of Trypanosoma Musculi Kendell, 1906, And Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907 In Mice, Berhane Andeberhan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The possible effects of ablastin on Schistosoma mansoni were investigated by (1) establishing a concurrent infection of Trypanosoma musculi and Schistosoma mansoni in mice, and (2) by obtaining Trypanosoma lewisi immune rat serum (ablastin) and injecting it into S. mansoni infected mice. These procedures were followed on days 4, 14 and 28 of S. mansoni infection. For the groups that were given immune rat serum, controls were kept into which normal rat serum was injected.

Ablastin does not have any effect on the development or morphology of the S. mansoni worms as tested in this study. Although ablastin inhibits glycolytic …

Neodeuterobaris Pritchardae Gen. Et Sp. N. (Digenea: Microscaphidiidae) In A Sideneck Turtle, Podocnemis Lewyana Dumeril 1852, From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Neodeuterobaris pritchardae in the stomach of the freshwater turtle, Podocnemis lewyana, from Colombia resembles members of Deuterobaris in possessing ventral glands, a dorsal oral hood, and vitelline follicles confluent posteriorly, but apparently differs from them by possessing 5 rather than 7 rows of ventral glands; by lacking ventral spines, extracecal uterine loops, and a muscular esophageal bulb; and by inhabiting the stomach of freshwater turtles rather than the intestine of marine turtles. Those characters are considered significant enough to erect a new genus. Diagnosis of the Deuterobaridinae is emended to accommodate the new species.

Five Species Of Platyhelminths From Bufo Marinus L. (Anura: Bufonidae) In Colombia With Descriptions Of Creptotrema Lynchi Sp. N. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) And Glypthelmins Robustus Sp. N. (Digenea: Macroderoididae), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Gorgoderina diaster, Cylindrotaenia americana, and Ophiotaenia bonariensis are reported, and Creptotrema lynchi and Glypthelmins robustus described from Bufo marinus from 3 localities in the Republic of Colombia. All are new locality records and B. marinus is a new host for G. diaster and C. americana. Creptotrema lynchi differs from C. creptotrema in possessing smaller eggs, relatively smaller oral papillae and suckers, and elongate rather than spherical testes. Glypthelmins robustus differs from all other species in the genus in possessing a pharynx which is significantly larger than the acetabulum and tegumental spines restricted to the anterior fifth of …

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Prevalence Of Antibodies To Toxoplasma Gondii In Wild And Domestic Animals Of New Mexico, Arizona And Colorado, Alan A, Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, Gary O. Maupin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Using the Sabin-Feldman dye test, sera from wild and domestic animals in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The prevalence of positive titers (≥ 1:8) in animals from these areas was: New Mexico (178 of 569, 31%), Arizona (11 of 56, 20%), and Colorado (2 of 7, 29%). The overall prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma was 30% (191 of 632).

Nine of 17 fecal samples from wild zoo felines contained Toxoplasma-like oocysts which were inoculated per os and intraperitoneally into mice. Mice from six of these nine inoculations later …

Immunoglobulins Attached To And In The Integument Of Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon 1907, From First Infection Of Cf1 Mice, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

7S_γ2b antibody was found attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni removed from CF₁ white mice. With the techniques used, I_gA, I_gM, 7S_γ1, 7S_γ2a, 7S_γ3, and C3 complement were not found to be attached to the integumental surfaces. 7S_γ2b does not seem to fix C3, and it is suggested this antibody may be acting in enhancing and blocking roles which protect the worms from the host.

The Arthropod Ectosymbionts Of The Fox Squirrel In Coles County, Illinois, Jeanine L. Stanis

Masters Theses

The body surface areas of 18 squirrels (Sciurus niger) were calculated by regions, and the numbers and densities of the ectoparasite populations present on each region determined. Four species representing four genera of arthropods were recovered. The louse, Neohaematopinus antennatus was the most abundant organism with Orchopeas howardii, Haemagamasus reidi, and Dermacentor variabilis being also present. The average population density of all parasite species combined was highest on the back and decreased on the belly, tail, legs, and the head respectively. Body regions showing greatest average total population densities were different for males and females. The …

Blood Parasites Of Illinois Wild Turkeys, Ulrike G. Guenthner

Masters Theses

Blood smears, from 152 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) killed during hunting seasons in southern Illinois, were examined for blood parasites. Haemoproteus meleagridis infected 34% of the 83 adult and 19% of the 69 immature turkeys. Of the infected birds, 54% had one or two infected cells per 5000 erythrocytes and 78% had one to five. Infection rates were significantly higher in counties along the Mississippi River than in Pope County, located about 40 miles east of the river. Other parasites specifically searched for but not found were Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and microfilaria.

Efficacy Of Bunamidine Hydrochloride Against Immature And Mature Stages Of Echinococcus Granulosus, Lauritz A. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of bunamidine hydrochloride against the immature and mature stages of Echinococcus granulosus found in Utah. Twenty-seven dogs were obtained from local animal shelters and experimentally infected with the parasite. The drug was given at dosage levels of 25 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of bodyweight. It was from 85.9 to 98.8% effective against the immature stage, and 100% effective against the adult stage. The results suggest that this drug can feasibly be used under field conditions where hydatid disease is endemic.

A Review Of The Genus Allassostomoides Stunkard 1924 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) With A Redescription Of A. Chelydrae (Maccallum 1919) Yamaguti 1958, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A redescription of Allassostomoides chelydrae and a review of the genus is presented, based on new collections of A. chelydrae and A. parvus from Nebraska, and examination of all type material relating to the genus. A. chelydrae, A. parvus, and A. louisianaensis are considered valid species. New host records for A. chelydrae are Bufo americanus, Rana catesbeiana, Chrysemys picta, and Graptemys pseudogeographica.

Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Antibodies In Range Vs. Dairy Cattle From The Bitterroot Valley Of Montana, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal, A. A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, J. K. Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

"Natural" or unaltered foods have become a fad in recent years. This includes the drinking of unpasteurized cow's milk as well as that designated "Certified." This report is made to call attention to a high prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma in dairy as compared with range cattle. Previous to this study, few papers have considered the breed or conditions of management of cattle sampled for toxoplasma antibodies (McIlwain, 1969, Arch Environ Health 19: 885-886; Vanderwagen et aI., 1974, J Am Vet Med Assoc 164: 1,034-1,037).

Buquinolate As A Preventive Drug To Control Microsporidosis In The Blue Crab, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When administered a single meal containing spores of Nosema michaelis and buquinolate, specimens of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were less likely to acquire spore-ridden muscle tissue than individuals not allowed the drug. Those crabs presented the drug 48 hr preceding or following the introduction of spores also exhibited minimal incidence of infection. Even after 2 mo, spores were not observed in the musculature of most crabs.

Phyllodistomum Scrippsi Sp. N. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) And Neobenedenia Girellae (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) From The California Sheephead, Pimelometopon Pulchrum (Ayres) (Pisces: Labridae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phyllodistomum scrippsi sp. n. is described from the urinary bladder and Neobenedenia girellae is reported from the skin of Pimelometopon pulchrum from La Jolla, California. Phyllodistomum scrippsi differs from P. borisbychowskyi in possessing lobed vitell ari a, fewer extracecal uterine loops, irregular to lobed gonads, and larger eggs; and from P. acceptum in possessing a short esophagus, nondigitiform vitelline lobes, and an oral sucker larger than the acetabulum. An annotated checklist of trematodes parasitizing P. pulchrum is given.

Platyhelminths Of Nebraska Turtles With Descriptions Of Two New Species Of Spirorchiids (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-one species of platyhelminth parasites are reported from 8 species of turtles collected in Nebraska. Two species of spirorchiids are reported as new. Vasotrema brevitestis sp. n. from Trionyx muticus and T. spiniferus differs from V. amydae Stunkard, 1926, in possessing a relatively shorter, more compact testis, postcecal length equal to one-fifth the body length, a cirrus sac which does not extend to the opposite cecum, and vitellaria composed of discrete follicles more restricted in distribution. Hapalorhynchus foliorchis sp. n. from Chelydra serpentina differs from H. gracilis Stunkard, 1922, in possessing a narrower oral sucker and larger acetabulum, a prominent …

Histochemistry Of The Tissue Capsule Surrounding Intradermal Mites, Hannemania Spp. (Acarina: Trombiculidae) In New Mexico Amphibians, Jill J. Grover, Donald W. Duszynski, Barbara C. Bogan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first occurrence of larval intradermal mites, Hannemania spp., from New Mexico amphibians was recently reported (Duszynski and Jones, 1973, Int. J. Parasit. 3: 531-538). These parasites are always encapsulated by host connective tissue in the dermis of their host and the capsules are grossly visible below the epidermis. Basic histochemical procedures were used to help characterize and give us a better understanding of the structure and formation of this tissue capsule.

Thynnascaris Reliquens Sp. N. And T. Habena (Linton, 1900) (Nematoda: Ascaroidea) From Fishes In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico And Eastern U.S. Seaboard, Donald E. Norris, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Thynnascaris reliquens sp. n. is described from the type host, the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum), and other fishes of the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida, including the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean); the spiny boxfish, Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum); the slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch); and the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Its salient characters are: length up to approximately 12.5 cm; lips broad, with pedunculate pulp and equatorially constricted flanges; esophagus 8 to 12% and spicules 3 to 6% of body length; preanal and postanal papillae up to 33 and 6 pairs, respectively. In the type …

Parasites Of Channel Catfish In Illinois Hatcheries, Charles Dale Meryman

Masters Theses

Ninety channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were trapped during September 1973 through April 1974 at three hatcheries located at Worden, Centralia, and Kinmundy, Illinois. All were examined for parasites and 87 were parasitized. The trematodes Azygia angusticauda and Neascus sp. were found in the gastrointestinal system and Cleidodiscus floridanus and Dactylogyrus sp. were attached to the gills. Five cestode genera, including Bothriocephalus sp., Corallobothrium giganteum, Eubothrium sp., Haplobothrium sp., and Proteocephalus ambloplitis were present. Rhabdochona sp. was the only nematode found. Protozoans; Costia sp., Myxobolus sp., Scyphidia macropodia and Trichodina discoidea and one kind of glochidium were observed. …

Parasites Of Selected Gamed Fishes Of Lake Fort Smith, Arkansas, David A. Becker, Donald G. Cloutman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Surveys during 1961 and 1970 of the helminth parasites of selected game fishes of Lake Fort Smith, Arkansas, are compared. New host records are established in the State of Arkansas for the monogenetic trematode and crustacean parasites of the channel catfish, warmouth, bluegill, white crappie and black crappie.

Fine Structure Of The Oocyst Walls Of Isospora Serini And Isospora Canaria And Excystation Of Isospora Serini From The Canary, Serinus Canarius L., Clarence A. Speer, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oocysts of Isospora serini and Isospora canaria, from the canary Serinus canarius, were broken, added to a cell suspension, fixed in Karnovsky's fluid, and studied in the electron microscope. The oocyst wall of each species had an electron- lucent inner layer, a more osmiophilic middle layer and an outer layer of electron-lucent (I. serini) or electron-dense material interspersed with some electron-lucent material (I. canaria). A few, relatively large lipid-like bodies were present in the outer or middle layer of the oocyst wall of I. canaria. As many as 9 membranes were present in …

Taxonomy And Zoogeography Of Lemmus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolinae), With Notes On Laboratory-Reared Lemmings, Robert L. Rausch, Virginia R. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Lemmings of the genus Lemmus Link, 1795, have long attracted interest because of the high numerical densities attained at intervals by their populations. In earlier times, in northern Europe, such events seemed so remarkable as to be explained by some as a consequence of the animals' having fallen from the sky (HaGSTROM 1749). During the last 25 years, lemmings have been the object of intensive ecological investigation in Eurasia and North America, although there has been no consensus concerning their taxonomic relationships. In 1959, a colony of brown lemmings from arctic Alaska was established in our laboratory, primarily to provide …