Parasitology Commons^™

Quantitative Dissection Of Clone-Specific Growth Rates In Cultured Malaria Parasites, Heather B. Reilly Ayala, Hongjian Wang, John A. Steuter, Anastasia M. Marx, Michael T. Ferdig

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Measurement of parasite proliferation in cultured red blood cells underpins many facets of malaria research, from drug sensitivity assays to assessing the impact of experimentally altered genes on parasite growth, virulence, and fitness. Pioneering efforts to grow Plasmodium falciparum in cultured red blood cells revolutionized malaria research and spurred the development of semi-high throughput growth assays using radio-labeled hypoxanthine, an essential nucleic acid precursor, as a reporter of whole-cycle proliferation (Trager and Jensen, 1976; Desjardins et al., 1979). Use of hypoxanthine (Hx) and other surrogate readouts of whole-cycle proliferation remains the dominant choice in malaria research. While amenable to high-throughput …

Phylogenetic Affinities Of Plagiocirrus Van Cleave And Mueller, 1932 With The Description Of A New Species From The Pascagoula River, Mississippi, Stephen S. Curran, Robin M. Overstreet, Vasyl V. Tkach

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Plagiocirrus loboides n. sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) is described from Fundulus nottii, F. dispar blairae, F. chrysotus, and Notemigonus crysoleucas from the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Plagiocirrus loboides differs from P. primus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932, by having a longer postcecal space (14-25% of body length vs. about 7%); a more anterior vitellarium (extending at least to the middle of the ventral sucker vs. to its posterior margin); and larger eggs (51-71 μm long by 23-34 μm wide vs. 40-55 μm long by 30-35 μm wide). Plagiocirrus loboides differs from P. testeus Fritts, 1959, by having a …

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of 10-N-Substituted Acridones As Novel Chemosensitizers In Plasmodium Falciparum, Jane X. Kelly, Martin J. Smilkstein, Roland A. Cooper, Kristin D. Lane, Robert A. Johnson, Aaron Janowsky, Rozalia A. Dodean, Rolf Winter, Michael Riscoe

Collected Faculty Scholarship

A series of novel 10-N-substituted acridones, bearing alkyl side chains with tertiary amine groups at the terminal position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ability to enhance the potency of quinoline drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. A number of acridone derivatives, with side chains bridged three or more carbon atoms apart between the ring nitrogen and terminal nitrogen, demonstrated chloroquine (CQ)-chemosensitizing activity against the MDR strain of P. falciparum (Dd2). Isobologram analysis revealed that selected candidates demonstrated significant synergy with CQ in the CQ-resistant (CQR) parasite Dd2 but only additive (or indifferent) interaction in the CQ-sensitive …

Contrasting Infection Strategies In Generalist And Specialist Wasp Parasitoids Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Todd A. Schlenke, Jorge Morales, Shubha Govind, Andrew G. Clark

Publications and Research

Although host–parasitoid interactions are becoming well characterized at the organismal and cellular levels, much remains to be understood of the molecular bases for the host immune response and the parasitoids’ ability to defeat this immune response. Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma, two closely related, highly infectious natural parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster, appear to use very different infection strategies at the cellular level. Here, we further characterize cellular level differences in the infection characteristics of these two wasp species using newly derived, virulent inbred strains, and then use whole genome microarrays to compare the transcriptional response of Drosophila to each. While …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 3, Fall 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

New And Emended Descriptions Of Gregarines From Flour Beetles (Tribolium Spp. And Palorus Subdepressus: Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), John J. Janovy Jr., Jillian Tikka Detwiler, Samana Schwank, Matthew G. Bolek, Alaine Knipes, Gabriel J. Langford

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The following new gregarine taxa are described from larvae of flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Awrygregarina billmani, n. gen., n. sp., from Tribolium brevicornis; Gregarina cloptoni, n. sp., from Tribolium freemani; Gregarina confusa, n. sp., from Tribolilum confusum; and Gregarina palori, n. sp., from Palorus subdepressus. In addition, the description of Gregarina minuta Ishii, 1914, from Tribolium castaneum, is emended. Scanning electron micrograph studies of these species’ oocysts reveal differences in surface architecture. The Gregarina species have oocysts with longitudinal ridges, visible with SEM, whereas Awrygregarina billmani oocysts have fine circumferential striations; …

Emended Description And Redetermination Of Sarwaria Caballeroi N. Comb. (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) With Details Of The Synlophe And Esophageal Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among genera of the ostertagiine nematodes, structural attributes of Spiculopteragia caballeroi are consistent with criteria that diagnose the genus Sarwaria. Specifically, the following characters are compatible with referral to this genus: (1) species characterized by monomorphic males; (2) tapering lateral synlophe in the cervical zone; (3) minuscule, thornlike cervical papillae; (4) length of Ray "4" < Ray "5"; (5) relatively thick or robust Ray "4;" (6) a substantially reduced dorsal lobe and dorsal ray that are disposed or curved ventrally relative to Rays "8"; and (7) a broad, laterally inflated dorsal lobe. Consequently, we propose Sarwaria caballeroi n. comb., and we provide further validation for the genus Sarwaria. Additionally, we propose that the ostertagiines are represented by 12 valid genera, including those characterized by a bursal formula of 2-2-1 (Cervicaprastrongylus, Hyostrongylus, Mazamastrongylus, Spiculopteragia, …

Geographic And Host Range Of The Nematode Soboliphyme Baturini Across Beringia, Anson V.A. Koehler, Eric P. Hoberg, Nikolai E. Dokuchaev, Joseph A. Cook

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The nematode Soboliphyme baturini Petrov, 1930, was found to represent a single species with a relatively broad geographic range across Beringia and northwestern North America on the basis of the assessment of molecular sequence data for adult and juvenile parasites. Refuted are hypotheses suggesting that several cryptic species could be partitioned either among an array of mustelid definitive hosts or across the vast region that links North America and Eurasia. Host specificity for this species is examined on the basis of a comprehensive list for definitive hosts, derived from new field surveys and existing literature for S. baturini. Only …

Effect Of Climatic Warming On The Pacific Walrus, And Potential Modification Of Its Helminth Fauna [Critical Comment], Robert L. Rausch, John C, George, Harry K. Brower

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The decreasing extent of sea-ice in the arctic basin as a consequence of climatic warming is modifying the behavior and diets of pagophilic pinnipeds, including the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, the species emphasized here. Mammals such as the walrus and bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben), cannot remain associated with the sea-ice, and continue to feed on their usual diet of benthic invertebrates inhabiting coastal waters to a depth of approximately 100 m, when the northwestward retreating ice reaches deep waters beyond the margins of the continental shelf. With reduction of their customary substrate (ice), the walrus has become …

Gregarina Niphandrodes (Eugregarinorida: Septatorina): Oocyst Surface Architecture, John J. Janovy Jr., Matthew G. Bolek, Jillian Tikka Detwiler, Samana Schwank, Alaine Knipes, Gabriel J. Langford

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The surface architecture of oocysts produced by Gregarina niphandrodes (Eugregarinorida) from Tenebrio molitor,/i> adults (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is reported. Gametocysts were allowed to dehisce on 15-mm, round cover glasses; the cover glasses with their oocysts chains were then mounted on stubs without further processing, and sputter-coated with 20-nm gold-palladium. Scanning electron microscopy was performed at 10-15 kV with a Hitachi 3000N SEM. Oocysts retained their characteristic shapes as reported in the original species description but showed longitudinal ridges of relatively uniform height, width, and spacing, in separate fields on either side of a central equatorial …

The Plasmodium Falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter, Pfcrt, Mediates The Activity Of Chloroquine-Resistance Reversal Agents In The Malaria Parasite, Kristin Lane

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Chloroquine (CQ) resistant Plasmodium falciparum is a serious problem affecting 3.2 billion people in over 100 countries today. Most endemic malarious countries are among the poorest in the world and lack the resources to replace the inexpensive and highly effective CQ. CQ resistance (CQR) reversal agents are a potentially inexpensive solution to restoring CQ efficacy. CQR reversal agents are drugs that have little to no antimalarial activity alone, but in combination with CQ, they increase dmg accumulation in the parasite and enhance the sensitivity to CQ in CQR parasites. PfCRT is a putative transporter located on the parasite digestive vacuole …

[In Memoriam:] Vale Colin Dobson, 19 July 1937-22 June 2007, Malcolm Jones, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary for Vale Colin Dobson, Australian parasitologists, 1937-2007.

Vale Colin Dobson, 19 July 1937-22 June 2007, Malcolm K. Jones, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary for Vale Colin Dobson, July 19, 1937-June 22, 2007, parasitologist and Foundation Director of the School of Marine Science at the University of Queensland.

Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Mitochondrial Coi Phylogeny Reviewed: Host Plant Relationships, Phylogeography, Reproductive Parasites And Barcoding, Vera I.D. Ros, Johannes A.J. Breeuwer

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The past 15 years have witnessed a number of molecular studies that aimed to resolve issues of species delineation and phylogeny of mites in the family Tetranychidae. The central part of the mitochondrial COI region has frequently been used for investigating intra- and interspeciWc variation. All these studies combined yield an extensive database of sequence information of the family Tetranychidae. We assembled this information in a single alignment and performed an overall phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny shows that important patterns have been overlooked in previous studies, whereas others disappear. It also reveals that mistakes were made in submitting the …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 4, Dean Thomas, Dominique Blache, Dean Revell, Hayley Norman, Phil Vercoe, Zoey Durmic, Serina Digby, Di Mayberry, Megan Chadwick, Martin Sillence, David Masters, R. Silberstein, F. Byrne, P. G. H. Nichols, J. Young, L. Aitkins, M. G. Wilmot, A. J. Rintoul, T. Lambert, D. R. Mcclements, P. Raper, P. Ward, C. Walton, T. York, David Pethick, David Hopkins, Malcolm Mcphee, D. B. Savage, J. V. Nolan, I. R. Godwin, A. Aoetpah, T. Nguyen, N. Baillie, C. Lawler, Ken Geenty, John Smith, Darryl Smith, Tim Dyall, Grant Uphill, John Young, Michael Paton, John Dorrian

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:

GRAZING

1. The impact of high dietary salt and its implications for the management of livestock grazing saline land, Dean Thomas, Dominique Blache, Dean Revell, Hayley Norman, Phil Vercoe, Zoey Durmic, Serina Digby, Di Mayberry, Megan Chadwick, Martin Sillence and David Masters, CRC for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA.

2. Sustainable Grazing on Saline Lands - outcomes from the WA1 research project, H.C. Norman^1,2, D.G. Masters^1,2, R. Silberstein^1,2, F. Byrne^2,3, P.G.H. Nichols …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 5, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Carolina Viñoles Gil, B. L. Paganoni, K. M. M. Glover, J. T. B. Milton, G. B. Martin, Hugh Dove, Bill Mckiernan, John Wilkins, Paul Greenwood, Linda Cafe

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

1. Breech Strike Resistance: Selecting for resistance traits reduces breech strike, Bindi Murray, John Karlsson, Johan Greeff, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

2. Breeding Merino Sheep for Worm Resistance increases profit in a Mediterranean Environment, John Karlsson and Johan Greeff Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

FEEDING

3. Embryo lasses were not increased when Merino ewes that had lost weight were supplemented with lupins, C. Viñoles Gil, B.L. Paganoni, K.M.M. Glover, J.T.B. Milton & G.B. Martin, School of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Sheep Updates

No abstract provided.

Host And Distribution Lists Of Mites (Acari), Parasitic And Phoretic, In The Hair Or On The Skin Of North American Wild Mammals North Of Mexico: Records Since 1974, John O. Whitaker Jr., Brianne L. Walters, Linda K. Castor, Christopher M. Ritzi, Nixon Wilson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Information concerning mites found in the hair of wild mammals of North America north of Mexico is summarized for records accumulated since a similar paper was published by Whitaker and Wilson in 1974. Chiggers, ticks and species that burrow into or under the skin are generally excluded although follicle-inhabiting mites are included. Included are lists a) of the mites organized taxonomically, b) hosts from which each species has been reported, and c) states and provinces citing references for each separate record.

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 2, Summer 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

A New Species Of Dipetalonema (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) From Ateles Chamek From The Beni Of Bolivia, Juliana Notarnicola, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We describe a new species of Dipetalonema occurring in the body cavity of Ateles chamek (Humboldt, 1812) from north-central Bolivia. Morphologic characters serving to separate Dipetalonema yatesi n. sp. from known forms include a vagina vera with a simple tube and thin walls and a left spicule, which possesses a handle shorter than the lamina (ratio 2.7); the latter displays an anterior membranous alae similar in length to the terminal flagellum, a distal extremity of the left spicule within a simple hook and a membrane, phasmids at the basis of the lappets, and heterogeneous muscles occupying the whole cavity. Dipetalonema …

Evolutionary Avenues For, And Constraints On, The Transmission Of Frog Lung Flukes (Haematoloechus Spp.) In Dragonfly Second Intermediate Hosts, Matthew G. Bolek, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Metacercariae survival patterns and their distribution in second intermediate odonate hosts were examined for four species of frog lung flukes. Surveys of aquatic larvae and recently emerged teneral dragonflies and damselflies indicated that prevalence and mean abundance of Haematoloechus spp. metacercariae were significantly lower in teneral dragonflies than larval dragonflies, while there was no significant difference in prevalence or mean abundance of Haematoloechus spp. metacercariae among larval and teneral damselflies. Experimental infections of dragonflies indicated that metacercariae of Haematoloechus coloradensis and Haematoloechus complexus were located in the head, thorax, and branchial basket of dragonflies, whereas metacercariae of Haematoloechus longiplexus and …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 1, Spring 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Small Frogs Get Their Worms First: The Role Of Nonodonate Arthropods In The Recruitment Of Haematoloechus Coloradensis And Haematoloechus Complexus In Newly Metamorphosed Northern Leopard Frogs, Rana Pipiens, And Woodhouse's Toads, Bufo Woodhousii, Matthew G. Bolek, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Studies on the life cycles and epizootiology of North American frog lung flukes indicate that most species utilize odonates as second intermediate hosts; adult frogs become infected by ingesting odonate intermediate hosts. Newly metamorphosed frogs are rarely infected with these parasites, predominantly because they are gape-limited predators that cannot feed on large intermediate hosts such as dragonflies. We examined the role of the frog diet and potential intermediate hosts in the recruitment of the frog lung fluke, Haematoloechus coloradensis, to metamorphosed northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), Woodhouse’s toads (Bufo woodhousii), and bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana …

Research Note: Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey Of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera), Carl W. Dick, Donald Gettinger, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A survey collection of arthropods associated with bats documents new distributional records of Bolivian ectoparasites. New species records include Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae —Periglischrus caligus Kolenati, Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, Periglischrus ojasti Machado-Allison; Macronyssidae—Radfordiella oudemansi Fonseca; Metastigmata: Argasidae—Ornithodoros hasei (Schulze); Insecta: Diptera: Streblidae—Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, Exastinion deceptivum Wenzel, Megistopoda theodori Wenzel, Neotrichobius delicatus (Machado-Allison), Paradyschiria fusca Speiser, Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, Strebla curvata Wenzel, Strebla guajiro (Garcı´a & Casal), Trichobius petersoni Wenzel, and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel.

Haemodipsus Brachylagi N. Sp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae), A New Sucking Louse From The Pygmy Rabbit In Nevada, Lance A. Durden, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The male and female of Haemodipsis brachylagi,/i> n. sp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are described from specimens collected from a pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis (Merriam) (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), from Nevada. Morphological features that differentiate the new species from other known species of Haemodipsus are elucidated, and an identification key to both sexes of the three species now known from this genus in North America is included. Geographical distributions of the other four species of Haemodipsus known from other parts of the world are highlighted.