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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Parasitology
An Ecological And Physiological Assessment Of Feather Mite-Bird Symbioses, Kevin James Krajcir
An Ecological And Physiological Assessment Of Feather Mite-Bird Symbioses, Kevin James Krajcir
Student Theses and Dissertations
Feather mites are ectosymbiotic arthropods that reside primarily on the wing and tail feathers of most birds. Despite our growing understanding of feather mite biology, previous studies of the nature of the feather mite-avian host relationship report mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Such inconsistencies are likely due to narrow study designs that fail to capture the possibility of context dependency in this interaction. To provide some clarity surrounding the nature of this symbiotic system, we explored how geographical, climatic, and ecological contexts relate to variation in feather mite abundance and how that abundance, consequently, associates with multiple metrics of host condition …
The Role Of Chemical Cues In Host Susceptibility To Fish-Parasitic Gnathiid Isopods., Clayton M. Vondriska
The Role Of Chemical Cues In Host Susceptibility To Fish-Parasitic Gnathiid Isopods., Clayton M. Vondriska
Student Theses and Dissertations
Parasitism is one of the most common lifestyle strategies. Ectoparasites must navigate complex environments to find their host and many rely heavily on chemical cues to do so. Gnathiid isopods are common parasites that use chemical cues to find their marine fish hosts. While gnathiids are considered host-generalists, hosts vary in their susceptibility to infestation. However, the mechanisms that mediate differential susceptibility are unknown. Here I used field and laboratory experiments to investigate if the chemo-attractiveness of hosts explains differences in susceptibility of Caribbean reef fishes to infestation by a common Caribbean gnathiid isopod, Gnathia marleyi. While G. marleyi can …
Potential Vectors Of Dog Heartworm, Dirofilaria Immitis, In Arkansas And Seasonal Transmission In The United States, Sofija Todorovic
Potential Vectors Of Dog Heartworm, Dirofilaria Immitis, In Arkansas And Seasonal Transmission In The United States, Sofija Todorovic
Student Theses and Dissertations
Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy), is a mosquito-borne, parasitic filarid responsible for heartworm disease in vertebrates. A mosquito survey, focusing on diurnal species, was conducted from May to December 2016 to identify the prevalence of D. immitis in mosquitoes collected at residential entryways in Jonesboro, AR. Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a diurnal mosquito, was collected in low abundance (3.4%) with 16.7% mosquitoes positive for heartworm microfilariae. Dirofilaria immitis was observed in 11.2% of the total mosquitoes collected. The second study estimated the seasonality of heartworm disease in four high-risk US cities. Daily average and hourly temperatures were used to predict the presence of …
Preliminary Work On Infestation Dynamics And Stable Isotope Ecology Of A Coral Reef Micropredator, William Garrett Jenkins
Preliminary Work On Infestation Dynamics And Stable Isotope Ecology Of A Coral Reef Micropredator, William Garrett Jenkins
Student Theses and Dissertations
Despite the significant ecological role that parasites likely play within their respective communities, little is understood about the role that they play within food webs. The studies presented herein sought to expand upon the understanding of the role that gnathiid isopods, a marine fish ectoparasite, play within coral reef ecological communities by: a) assessing the effect of host physical condition on susceptibility to exploitation by a gnathiid isopod and b) by conducting a comprehensive, preliminary, study on the stable isotope ecology of these micropredators. Host fish which were experimentally injured during field trials exhibited a higher probability of being parasitized …
Ecological And Evolutionary Relationships Between Feather Mites And Parulid Warblers, Alix Elizabeth Matthews
Ecological And Evolutionary Relationships Between Feather Mites And Parulid Warblers, Alix Elizabeth Matthews
Student Theses and Dissertations
Host-symbiont relationships are ubiquitous in nature, yet the evolutionary and ecological processes that have shaped these intricate associations are not well understood. Here, I explored the complex symbiosis between feather mites and their warbler hosts. I first considered how ecological context may influence feather mite abundance on two ecologically dissimilar warbler species, and how feather mite abundance may in turn influence the current reproduction and annual survival of hosts. Ecological context of hosts does play a role in feather mite abundance, and even though current reproduction may not be influenced by feather mite abundance, annual survival may be at a …
The Effects Of Camelina Sativa Meal On Haemonchus Contortus In Breeding Age Ewes, Nicole Julia Nichols
The Effects Of Camelina Sativa Meal On Haemonchus Contortus In Breeding Age Ewes, Nicole Julia Nichols
Student Theses and Dissertations
Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are one of the greatest threats to sheep production in the United States. Increased resistance to traditional anthelmintics has created the need for alternative methods to control GIP. The objective of this study was to determine if Camelina sativa (CS) meal could be fed as part of a daily ration to reduce infection rates of the GIP Haemonchus contortus during two 28-day trials. Forty-eight ewes were sorted and fed a 14% crude protein (CP) supplement with or without 10% CS as part of their daily ration. All ewes grazed a mixture of Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) and tall …
Habitat And Community Associations And The Population Dynamics Of A Temporary Coral-Reef Fish Ectoparasite, John Michael Artim
Habitat And Community Associations And The Population Dynamics Of A Temporary Coral-Reef Fish Ectoparasite, John Michael Artim
Student Theses and Dissertations
Coral reef is habitat constructed by the scleractinian coral after which the habitat is named. While scleractinian coral colonies are often meters in extent, they are composed of small individual organisms—typically on the scale of millimeters across. Coral reefs that include an abundance of many coral species support a diverse abundance of fish and conspicuous invertebrate life. These macro constituents of coral reefs—coral colonies, reef fish and conspicuous invertebrates—have been the primary focus for much of the existing body of coral reef ecology research. One of the inconspicuous and understudied coral reef invertebrate constituents are gnathiid isopod fish parasites. These …
Aspects Of Host Usage Of The Chestnut Lamprey (Ichthyomyzon Castaneus) In Arkansas, Jeremiah Max Salinger
Aspects Of Host Usage Of The Chestnut Lamprey (Ichthyomyzon Castaneus) In Arkansas, Jeremiah Max Salinger
Student Theses and Dissertations
Most native North American lamprey species are imperiled in some manner, but are curiously understudied. The research described in this thesis addresses the adult feeding biology of the Chestnut Lamprey (Ichthyomyzon castaneus), a freshwater parasitic lamprey native to the southeastern United States. This thesis addresses Chestnut Lamprey attachment site selection and size-selective parasitism of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in an outdoor laboratory setting, as well as Chestnut Lamprey host usage and distribution in Arkansas. Approximately 75% of the 80 wounded Rainbow Trout studied were attacked in their dorsal mid-section. Chestnut Lampreys were found to select shorter hosts, with no mass …
Prevalence Of Blood Parasites In Damselfishes And Blennies Of The Eastern Caribbean And Their Detection Using Molecular Techniques, Lance Pierre Renoux
Prevalence Of Blood Parasites In Damselfishes And Blennies Of The Eastern Caribbean And Their Detection Using Molecular Techniques, Lance Pierre Renoux
Student Theses and Dissertations
This study built on the recent discovery of Apicomplexan blood parasites in damsel and blennioid fishes in the Caribbean (Cook et al. 2015), by elucidating their geographical distribution, species and life history stages of damselfishes they infect, and developing specific molecular primers to identify them. From 2013-2015, eight damselfish species from three genera were sampled from 11 localities (n = 807), and eight blenny species from two genera (n = 114) were sampled from 7 of these sites. Damselfish parasites appeared only in Stegastes species and at all localities, except Curacao (n = only 6), but were rare in the …
Direct And Indirect Effects Of The Caribbean Cymothoid Parasite Anilocra Haemuli On Host Energetics, Behavior, And Trophic Interactions, Rachel Lynn Welicky
Direct And Indirect Effects Of The Caribbean Cymothoid Parasite Anilocra Haemuli On Host Energetics, Behavior, And Trophic Interactions, Rachel Lynn Welicky
Student Theses and Dissertations
The majority of coral reef research focuses on organisms that are familiar to humans, yet 80% of coral reef animals are parasites. Research on the direct effects of parasitism has suggested that hosts may undergo both behavioral and physiological changes. These changes may manifest at the ecosystem level, yet evidence of such changes are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the Caribbean cymothoid parasite Anilocra haemuli on Haemulon flavolineatum (French grunt) energetics, behavior and trophic interactions. I conducted field surveys to measure A. haemuli prevalence of infection and determine its association …