Parasitology Commons^™

Systematics And Emerging Infectious Diseases: From Management To Solution, Daniel R. Brooks, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The crisis of emerging infectious disease stems from the absence of comprehensive taxonomic inventories of the world's parasites, which includes the world's pathogens. Recent technological developments raise hopes that the global inventory of species, including potential pathogens, can be accomplished in a timely and cost-effective manner. The phylogenetics revolution initiated by systematists provides a means by which information about pathogen transmission dynamics can be placed in a predictive framework. Increasingly, that information is widely available in digital form on the internet. Systematic biology is well positioned to play a crucial role in efforts to be proactive in the arena of …

Bionomics Of Larvae Of Parelaphostrongylus Odocoilei (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) In Experimentally Infected Gastropod Intermediate Hosts, Emily J. Jenkins, S. J. Kutz, Eric P. Hoberg, L. Polley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei is a protostrongylid parasite that has recently been recognized at several locations in sub-Arctic, but not Arctic, North America. We investigated factors that may determine the distribution of P. odocoilei, including suitable gastropod intermediate hosts, temperature requirements for larval development in gastropods, and larval emergence facilitating overwinter transmission. We collected and experimentally infected gastropods from a site in the sub- Arctic where P. odocoilei is at the northern limit of its distribution. Deroceras laeve, Catinella sp., and Euconulus cf. fulvus, but not members of the Pupillidae, were suitable intermediate hosts. We describe bionomics of larvae …

Selachohemecus Benzi N. Sp. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) From The Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus Limbatus (Carcharhinidae) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Stephen A. Bullard, Robin M. Overstreet, John K. Carlson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Selachohemecus benzi Bullard & Overstreet n. sp. infects the heart and kidney of the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Florida and Mississippi, USA. Specimens of S. olsoni Short, 1954, the only congener and only other named blood fluke reported from a chondrichthyan in the Gulf of Mexico, were collected from the heart of the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae from two new localities, Apalachicola Bay, Florida, and Mississippi Sound, Mississippi, USA. The new species differs from S. olsoni by having a larger body (1.4–3.8 mm long), robust tegumental body spines numbering 51–63 along each …

Myxozoan Genera: Definition And Notes On Taxonomy, Life-Cycle Terminology And Pathogenic Species, Jiří Lom, Iva Dyková

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

A list of myxozoan genera is presented in the current taxonomical scheme. These genera are defined; their type species and most important pathogens along with their hosts are listed. Simultaneously, definitions of actinospore stages representing sexual stages of the myxosporean life cycle are given; altogether, 17 actinospore collective groups with 180 types have been described. Life cycles of the two classes of the phylum Myxozoa, Malacosporea and Myxosporea, are briefly outlined with specification of the appropriate terms. Up to now, 4 malacosporean and 2,180 myxosporean species assigned to a total of 62 genera, have been established. The surviving classification of …

First Report Of Mites And Fleas Associated With Sigmodontine Rodents From Corrientes Province, Argentina, Marcela Lareschi, Donald Gettinger, Santiago Nava, Agustín Abba, Mariano L. Merino

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) and mesostigmate mites (Acari: Laelapidae) are common ectoparasitic associates of sigmodontine rodents in the Neotropics of South America. In Argentina, most of the research on ectoparasitic arthropods has been carried out on rodents from Buenos Aires Province (Autino and Lareschi, 1998; Lareschi and Mauri, 1998), while only a few small studies have been done in other areas of the country, such as the northwest (Lareschi et al., 2003a), and the Monte Desert Biome in Mendoza Province (Lareschi et al., 2004). Unfortunately, very little information is available from the region between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers in northeastern …

Parelaphostrongylus Odocoilei In Columbia Black-Tailed Deer From Oregon, Jack A. Mortenson, Arthur Abrams, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Detiger Dunams, Eric P. Hoberg, Robert J. Bildfell, Richard L. Green

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Documenting the occurrence of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has historically relied on the morphological examination of adult worms collected from the skeletal muscle of definitive hosts, including deer. Recent advances in the knowledge of protostrongylid genetic sequences now permit larvae to be identified. Dorsal-spined larvae (DSLs) collected in 2003–2004 from the lung and feces of six Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from Oregon were characterized genetically. The sequences from unknown DSLs were compared to those from morphologically validated adults and larvae of P. odocoilei at both the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome …

Glucocorticoid Hormone Levels Increase With Group Size And Parasite Load In Cliff Swallows, Samrrah A. Raouf, Linda C. Smith, Mary Bomberger Brown, John C. Wingfield, Charles R. Brown

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Animals often cope with adverse events by releasing glucocorticoid hormones, which in turn promote increased energy assimilation. In captive animals, crowding also leads to increased glucocorticoid activity, probably because of increased levels of social competition. We investigated how group size and ectoparasite infestations affected endogenous levels of the glucocorticoid hormone, corticosterone, in colonial cliff swallows, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, in southwestern Nebraska, USA. Parasites were removed from some colonies by fumigating nests. Baseline levels of corticosterone in breeding adults varied significantly with whether parasites were present, colony size (measured by total number of active nests at a site), and nesting stage. …

Sl1 Rna Gene Recovery From Enterobius Vermicularis Ancient Dna In Pre-Columbian Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl Reinhard, Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves, Luiz Fernando Ferreira, Adauto Araújo, Ana Carolina Paulo Vincente

Karl Reinhard Publications

Enterobius vermicularis, pinworm, is one of the most common helminths worldwide, infecting nearly a billion people at all socio-economic levels. In prehistoric populations the paleoparasitological findings show a pinworm homogeneous distribution among hunter-gatherers in North America, intensified with the advent of agriculture. This same increase also occurred in the transition from nomad hunter-gatherers to sedentary farmers in South America, although E. vermicularis infection encompasses only the ancient Andean peoples, with no record among the pre-Colombian populations in the South American lowlands. However, the outline of pinworm paleo epidemiology has been supported by microscopic finding of eggs recovered from coprolites. …

Redescription Of Cryptocotyle Thapari Mcintosh, 1953 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae), In The River Otter Lutra Longicaudis From Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Peter T. Thew

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cryptocotyle thapari McIntosh, 1953 (Digenea: Heterophyidae), collected originally from a South American otter that died at the U.S. National Zoo in Washington, D.C., is redescribed from specimens obtained from a river otter, Lutra longicaudis, collected from the Rı´o Matos in the Departamento de Beni, Bolivia. These individuals of C. thapari are slightly smaller than the type specimens, but they have similar features, including testes arranged in tandem and a well-defined ventrogenital sac. We redescribe this species because the original description was based on only 3 individuals, and the figures lacked detail. This is the first record of Cryptocotyle from …

In Memorium: Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald Duszynski, Eric S. Loker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A memorial tribute to Lynn Ann Hertel (1951-2005) of the University of New Mexico, by Donald W. Duszynski and Eric S. Loker.

Seven New Species Of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Colubrid Snakes Of Guatemala And A Discussion Of What To Call Ellipsoid Tetrasporocystic, Dizoic Coccidia Of Reptiles, I. M. Asmundsson, Donald W. Duszynski, J. A. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During a survey of Guatemalan herpetofauna in the summers of 1998–2000, 29 presumed new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 were found, seven of which have a distinct elongate-ellipsoidal shape (L/W ratio ≥ 1.7) and are described herein. Six of the seven new species are similar in oöcyst length, width and L/W ratio and sporocyst length, width and L/W ratio, lack a micropyle, oöcyst residuum, Stieda body, sub- and parastieda bodies, have a polar granule and sporocyst residuum, and their sporocysts appear to have dehiscence sutures. The seventh is slightly smaller and has sporocysts with a Stieda body. The new species …

A New Species Of Neohaematotrephus (Digenea: Echinostomiformes: Cyclocoelidae) In The Spotted-Sandpiper Actitis Macularia (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) From Venezuela, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fischthal and Nasir (1974) reported Neohaematotrephus brasilianum (as Cyclocoelum brasilianum) in the spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia from Venezuela. Three voucher specimens from that report, deposited in the United States National Parasite Collection, however, differ from N. brasilianum by having the cirrus sac on the sinistral side of the body, which resembles N. facioi, N. arayae, and N. gendrei. The new species is similar to N. brasilianum by having vitelline follicles extending well anterior to the intestinal bifurcation and by having a short and laterally displaced cirrus sac whose posterior end does not reach the intestinal bifurcation, …

Psettarium Anthicum Sp. N. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) From The Heart Of Cobia Rachycentron Canadum (Rachycentridae) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Stephen A. Bullard, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Psettarium anthicum sp. n. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) infects the myocardium and atrial wall of the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rachycentridae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi, USA. It is the first member of Psettarium Goto et Ozaki, 1930 reported from other than the Indian Ocean or Pacific Ocean and the second species of the genus reported from cobia. It differs from its congeners by the combination of having posterior caeca with lateral projections appearing as thorns in lateral view and the male pore anterior to the oötype. The species of Psettarium, P. japonicum (Goto et Ozaki, 1929) …

A Review Of Polylekithum Arnold 1934 And Its Familial Affinities Using Morphological And Molecular Data, With Description Of Polylekithum Catahoulensis Sp. Nov., Stephen S. Curran, Vasyl V. Tkach, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The type material of Polylekithum ictaluri, P. halli, and Maculifer chandleri was examined from the United States National Parasite Museum, and we determined that the material was conspecific, making P. halli and M. chandleri junior subjective synonyms of P. ictaluri. Polylekithum catahoulensis sp. nov. was described from material collected from catfishes at the Catahoula Wildlife Refuge, LaSalle Parish, Louisiana, USA, and compared with P. ictaluri collected from catfishes in Reelfoot Lake, Obion County, Tennessee, USA, and the Pearl River, Hancock County, Mississippi, USA. Polylekithum catahoulensis had smaller eggs (77-–88 μm long by 51–-63 µm wide vs. 94–-108 …

Introduction Of Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, The 2005 Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Includes the text for the introduction for Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León who was the 2005 recipient of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal through the American Society of Parsitologists. [Note: The award introduction was not given in person due to the impending arrival of Hurricane Dennis in Mobile, Alabama, where the ASP meeting was being held that year.]

A New Species Of Petasiger (Digenea: Echinostomiformes: Echinostomatidae) In The Brown Pelican, Pelecanus Occidentalis, (Aves: Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae), From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Petasiger inhabits Pelecanus occidentalis, from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The new species most closely resembles Petasiger novemdecim Lutz 1929 and Petasiger caribbensis Nassi, 1980 by having 19 circumoral spines and vitelline follicles confluent between the ventral sucker and gonads. The new species differs from both of these species by having a cirrus sac that is anteroposteriorly elongate and that reaches posteriorly to the midventral sucker, an ovary and Mehlis' gland that overlap the anterior testis dorsally, a uterus that lies dorsal to the ventral sucker, and a dextromedial genital pore. In P. …

A Method For Testing The Host Specificity Of Ectoparasites: Give Them The Opportunity To Choose, Carlos El Esbérard, Fernanda Martins-Hatano, Emerson B. Bittencourt, David Ep Bossi, Angélica Fontes, Marcela Lareschi, Vanderlaine Menezes, Helena G. Bergallo, Donald Gettinger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Host-choice experiments were carried out with rodent and bat ectoparasites on Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We constructed experimental chambers that enclosed three different rodent or bat host species, and then introduced a selected set of ectoparasitic arthropods. When given the opportunity to choose among host species, the ectoparasites showed a strong tendency to select their primary hosts, and reject novel host species. These kinds of simple experiments can be valuable tools for assessing the ability of ectoparasites to locate and discern differences between host species, and make choices about which hosts to infest, and which hosts …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 27, No. 3, Autumn 2005, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

The Voucher Specimens Served To Document The Existence Of The Host-Parasite Relationship Between Vertebrates And Its Associated Parasites At A Certain Geographic Locality At A Specific Date In Rakuno Gakuen University, Mitsuhiko Asakawa, Scott Lyell Gardner, Hitoshi Sasaki, Noriyuki Ontaishi

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The voucher specimens serve to document the existence of the species of mammal and its associated parasites at a certain geographic locality at a specific time and date in history. In this paper, a case report was conducted with status quo of host voucher specimens including terrestrial vertebrates kept in Rakuno Gakuen University.

Three Rarely Reported Digeneans Inhabiting Amphibians From Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three rarely reported species of digeneans were collected in amphibian hosts from Diversion Reservoir, Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, The endangered anuran Rana aurora hosted Glypthelmins californiensis, Gorgoderina multilobata, and Megalodiscus microphagus. In addition, the anuran Pseudacris regilia and the caudatan Taricha granulosa hosted Megalodiscus microphagus. Gorgoderina multilobata has been reported only once since 1936 and has never been reported outside of California. We note several characters not previously reported for Gorgoderina multilobata and G. aurora.

Spread Of An Exotic Fish-Gill Trematode: A Far-Reaching And Complex Problem, Andrew J. Mitchell, Robin M. Overstreet, Andrew E. Goodwin, Thomas M. Brandt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Centrocestus formosanus, the gill trematode, has caused serious losses among fish raised by tropical fish producers since the early 1980s and is believed to be harmful to wild fish populations, including the federally listed endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), in the Comal River near San Marcos, Texas. The parasite appears to infect in many fishes from Hawaii, Florida, Texas, and Utah. The gill trematode has a complex life cycle involving definitive hosts (aquatic birds and occasionally some mammals) and intermediate hosts (aquatic snails and several fish species). In the United States, the green heron (Butorides virescens …

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 7, S. M. Liu, A. C. Schlink, J. R. Williams, M. E. Dowling, J. C. Greeff, Roy Butler, Keith Croker, L. G. Butler, Rob Davidson, Ken Hart, Doug Harrington, Mario D'Antuono, Julian Gardner, Geoff Duddy, R. G. Woodgate, A. Le Feuvre, A Bailey, R. B. Besier, N. Campbell, I. Carmichael, S. Love, Richard Stovold

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:

POSTERS

1. Sulpher in wool and its implications for fleece weight and sheep health, SM Liu, AC Schlink, JR Williams, CSIRO Livestock Industries Wembley WA, ME Dowling,JCGreef, Department of Agriculture Western Australia.

2. Stubbles for sheep: a reality check, Roy Butler, Keith Croker, Department of Agriculture Western Australia.

3. Genetic benchmarking using artificial insemination, LC Butler, JC Greeff, Department of Agriculture Western Australia.

4. The potential lambing performances of ewes in mixed age flocks, Kieth Croker, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Rob Davidson, WAMMCO International, formally University of Western Australia, Ken Hart, …

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 4, Lucy Anderton, John Young, Rob Davidson, Keith Croker, Ken Hart, Tim Wiese, B. M. Thomson, I Williams, J. R. Briegel, J. C. Greeff, N. R. Adams, E. N. Bermingham, Sue Hatcher, Gordon Refshauge, Emma Kopke, Ross Kingwell, K. E. Kemper, M. L. Hebart, F. D. Brien, K. S. Jaensch, R. J. Grimson, D. H. Smith, Melanie Dowling, A. (Tony) Schlink, John Karlsson

Sheep Updates

This session covers twelve papers from different authors:

REPRODUCTION

1. Is it worth increasing investment to increase lambing percentages? Lucy Anderton Department of Agriculture Western Australia.

2. What value is a lamb? John Young, Farming Systems Analysis Service, Kojonup, WA

3. Providing twin-bearing ewes with extra energy at lambing produces heavier lambs at marking. Rob Davidson WAMMCO International,, formerly University of Western Australia; Keith Croker, Ken Hart, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Tim Wiese, "Chuckem", Highbury, Western Australia.

GENETICS

4. Underlying biological cause of trade-off between meat and wool. Part 1. Wool and muscle glycogen, BM Thomson, I Williams, University …

Sheep Updates 2005 - Contents, Department Of Agriculture Western Australia

Sheep Updates

No abstract provided.

Sheep Updates 2005 - Part 5, Geoff Duddy, Brent Mcloud, John Sullivan, T. J. Mahar, A. Balasingam, J. H. Stanton, K. M. S. Curtis, P. R. Lamb, Eliza Dowling, Ned Crossley, Surrender Mann, Lucy Anderton, Matthew Kelly, Andrew Swan, Ian Mcfarland, Di Evans, K. Bell, D. Sackett, Robin Jacob

Sheep Updates

This session covers eleven papers from different authors; MARKET INFORMATION 1. Crystal Spring - Crystal clear and consistant, Geoff Duddy, Livestock Officer (Sheep & Wool) Yanco, NSW, Brent McLoud, (Product Development Officer) Cowra, NSW, John Sullivan, J.J Dresser and Co (Agent), Woodstock, NSW 2. An overview of Recent Developments in Dark and Medullated Fibre Testing, T.J. Mahar, A. Balasingam, AWTA Ltd 3. Opportunities and Implications for Wool Producers of the TEAM3 Prediction Equations, J.H. Stanton12 K.M.S. Curtis1 , 1Department of Agriculture Western Australia, 2 Curtin University, WA 4. Premiums and Discounts for Fibre Properties in Superfine Wool, Now and in …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 27, No. 2, Summer 2005, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Four New Cestode Species From The Spiral Intestine Of The Round Stingray, Urobatis Halleri, In The Northern Gulf Of California, Mexico, Megan M. Friggens, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The spiral intestines of 40 specimens of Urobatis halleri from the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, were examined for cestodes. Four new species, Rhinebothrium chollaensis n. sp., Rhinebothrium gravidum n. sp., Eutetrarhynchus cortezensis n. sp., and Prochristianella minima n. sp., are described. This is the first record of these 3 genera in the Gulf of California and the first report of Eutetrarhynchus in U. halleri.

Diphyllobothrium Fayi N. Sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) From The Pacific Walrus, Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An independent species of cestode of the genus Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858, known only from the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, has been incorrectly designated Diphyllobothrium cordatum (Leuckart, 1863) in the literature since 1955. That cestode is described in this study as Diphyllobothrium fayi n. sp. on the basis of specimens obtained from walruses from the northern Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. It is distinguished readily from D. cordatum by its much larger strobila of different form and by a range of morphological characteristics of taxonomic significance in the reproductive organs. Comparisons were made with specimens of D. cordatum …

Urotrema Shirleyae N. Sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Urotrematidae) In Norops Oxylophus And N. Cupreus (Squamata: Iguania: Polychrotidae) From The Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Vasyl Tkach

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Urotrema inhabits Norops oxylophus and Norops cupreus from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The new species is most similar to Urotrema scabridum but differs by having a relatively longer esophagus, at least 10% of the total body length versus 4-8% in U. scabridum; an oral sucker width:ventral sucker width ratio less than 1:1 (averaging 1:0.76) versus 1:1 or greater; an oral sucker width:pharyngeal width ratio less than 1:0.5 (averaging 1:0.42) versus greater than 1:0.5; and by having many transversely oriented posttesticular uterine loops versus a few vertically oriented posttesticular uterine loops.

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 27, No. 1, Spring 2005, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.