Food Processing Commons^™

Improvements In Sorghum Milling Technologies, Martin M. Kebakile

INTSORMIL Presentations

Discusses in some detail various sorghum milling techniques.

Sorghum Malting, Luke Mugode

INTSORMIL Presentations

Malting is defined as the germination of grain in moist air under controlled conditions. Malting occurs in three stages: steeping (soaking), germination, and drying or kilning, then milling can take place. Malting changes the chemistry of the grain.

Virtues Of Sorghum: Utilization And Supply Chain Management, Lloyd W. Rooney

INTSORMIL Presentations

Discusses the consumer demands, value-added supply chain, strategy for value-added products, functionality of sorghums and millets, sorghum food use in Central America, plant breeding and improvement of grain quality, sorghum image, special sorghums as a particularly healthy food item, food utilization, improving sorghum quality, effect of molds, insects, and weathering on grain quality, and mycotoxins.

Breeding Sorghum Cultivars For Processing, Gary Perterson

INTSORMIL Presentations

Discusses the diversity of traits in sorghum and details some aspects of breeding techniques.

Effect Of Sodium Chloride Addition During Diafiltration On The Solubility Of Milk Protein Concentrate, Scott J. Gualco

Master's Theses

There is considerable interest among food manufacturers to incorporate protein into food products in both developed and developing countries. Dairy proteins are excellent choices for many different applications, as they are known to have several nutritional and functional benefits. Membrane filtration techniques are often utilized as the preferred method of fractionation, due to the high throughput and continuous nature of the process. One such product produced from membrane filtration of skim milk is called milk protein concentrate. This product is valued for its high protein content, but it has historically exhibited poor solubility when reconstituted into water, which severely restricts …

Effects Of Malting And Fermentation On The Composition And Functionality Of Sorghum Flours, Onesmo N.O. Mella

INTSORMIL Presentations

Includes information about the sorghum market in Tanzania, and provides an overview of the chemical components present in sorghum grain and their effects on the nutritional qualities of the grain with respect to human consumption. Explains that malting and fermentation improve the nutritional profile of sorghum grain, and describes the methods used to test this hypothesis.

Controlling The Mineral Content Of Sweet Whey Powder In An Industrial Setting, Matthew W. Sawyer

Dairy Science

The objective of this project was to reduce the final ash content of sweet whey powder. The data for this project was collected over a two-week period, from July 13th to July 27th 2010 in a dairy plant in the Mid-West of the United States. The data is composed of particle size test, ash test, and pH test. The conclusions of this study are that multiple pre-heat treatment tank changes contribute to mineral content by requiring more buffering than usual. The low pH of this pre-heat liquid forces a need for more buffering. Particle segregation may play a role in …

Developing Entrepreneurship, The Tanzania Experience: Sua-Intsormil Project, Joseph J. Mpagalile, Wenceslaus R. Ballegu

INTSORMIL Presentations

Project Title: Building a Sustainable Infrastructure for Product Development and Food Entrepreneur/Industry Technical Support: A Strategy to Promote Increased Use of Sorghum and Millet in East Africa.

Long Term Program Objectives: Development of successful entrepreneurial businesses that add-value to sorghum and millet such that:

~Farmers have an established outlet for cash sales of high-quality sorghum and millet

~Small businesses or cooperatives develop processing capabilities enabling the incorporation of sorghum and millet into a wide variety of food products

~Markets and market channels for sorghum and millet-based products develop.

Further develop research, extension and marketing expertise of National Agricultural Research Institutes …

Development And Validation Of A Light Weight, Energy Dense, Ready To Eat (Rte) Bar, Jacob Wilhelm-Maria Heick

Master's Theses

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIGHT WEIGHT, ENERGY DENSE, READY TO EAT (RTE) BAR

Jacob Wilhelm-Maria Heick

Providing additional calories in the form of an RTE bar to endurance athletes will increase performance and muscle re-synthesis, reduce muscle breakdown, and shorten recovery time. An RTE bar containing a blend of dairy proteins and carbohydrates will create a product with superior functionality, including bioactive and immunity enhancing properties from dairy derived ingredients. The protein will provide benefits in the form of easily digestible calories, essential amino acids and physical satiate.

A formulation was developed and optimized, resulting in a final product …

Harina De Sorgo Para Uso En La Industria De La Panificación, Laboratorio De Tecnología De Alimentos (San Andrés, El Salvador)

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El sorgo o maicillo ha sido cultivado y utilizado en El Salvador por muchos años tanto para el consumo humano como animal. Existen variedades criollas y mejoradas que han sido utilizadas para la produccion de harina y la elaboración de alimentos, obteniendo muy buenos resultados. Con harina de sorgo se pueden elaborar muchos productos alimenticios, ya sea en combinación con harinas de otros cereales (harinas compuestas); o usando harina de sorgo pura, sin mezclas. La industria de la panificacion en El Salvador ya esta utilizando el sorgo para la elaboración de diversos productos tales como pan de dulce y pan …

Metabolic Profiling And Fingerprinting For The Detection And Discrimination Of Mechanical Damage In Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus) During Storage, Aoife O'Gorman

Doctoral

Horticultural products such as mushrooms are exposed to external agents during their postharvest life, which are going to affect product quality. Loss of whiteness during storage is particularly important in the mushroom industry. Rough handling and distribution of crops, fruiting body senescence, bacterial and viral infection are among the causes of mushroom discolouration. The aim of this work was to study the use of metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiling tools for the detection and discrimination of mechanical damage on mushrooms. This research involved: 1. Investigating whether the chemical changes induced by mechanical damage and ageing of mushrooms could be (a) …

Barley For Brewing: Characteristic Changes During Malting, Brewing And Applications Of Its By-Products, Mahesh Gupta, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Eimear Gallaghar

Articles

Barley is the basic raw material for brewing. Its chemical composition, brewing, and technological indices are highly determinative for the beer quality and the economical efficiency of the brewing process. Barley is rich in protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins. The presence of non starch polysaccharides as mixed linkage (1-3),(1-4)-β-D-glucans and arabinoxylans together with the enzymes are responsible for barley modification. Malting is a complex process that involves many enzymes; important ones are α-amylase, β-amylase, α-glucosidase, and limit dextrinase. During the process of malting and brewing, the by-products left after separation of the wort are rich in protein, fibers, …

The Effects Of High Pressure Processing On Peanut Sauce Inoculated With Salmonella, Tara K. Stiles

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Recent Salmonella outbreaks have prompted the need for new processing options for peanut products. Traditional heating kill-steps have shown to be ineffective in lipid-rich matrices such as peanut products. High pressure processing is one such option for peanut sauce because it has a high water activity, which has proved to be a large contributing factor in microbial lethality due to high pressure processing. Four different formulations of peanut sauce were inoculated with a five strain Salmonella cocktail and high pressure processed. Results indicate that increasing pressure or increasing hold time increases log₁₀ reductions. The Weibull model was fitted to …

Effect Of Hydrothermal Processing On Colour, Antioxidant And Free Radical Scavenging Capacities Of Edible Irish Brown Seaweeds, Gaurav Rajauria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta

Articles

The effect of heat processing on change in colour (ΔE), level of bioactive compounds and overall antioxidant capacity in raw and heat processed Irish brown seaweeds was investigated. Raw seaweeds were heated at 85, 95, 100, 110 and 121 °C for 15 min in an autoclave and the samples were extracted with 60% methanol. Total phenol (TPC), total tannin (TTC), DPPH• scavenging and metal chelating ability (FIC) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 85 °C while the value of ΔE, total flavonoid (TFC), total sugar (TSC), lipid peroxidation and H2O2 scavenging capacity were higher at 95 °C, as compared to raw seaweeds, in all the species studied. Results showed that heat treatment affects not only the content of bioactive compounds in seaweeds but also beneficial biological activity associated with these compounds which can suggest new processing for the application of seaweeds extract as nutraceutical.

The History Of Canned Food, Lisa Couture

Academic Symposium of Undergraduate Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Chicos Del Horno: How Adobe Oven-Roasted Corn Became A Local, Slow, And Deep Food, Devon Peña

NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings

No abstract provided.

An Assessment Of The Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity Of Six Species Of Edible Irish Seaweeds, Sabrina Cox, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta

Articles

Six species of edible Irish seaweeds; Laminaria digitata, Laminaria saccharina, Himanthalia elongata, Palmaria palmata, Chondrus crispus and Enteromorpha spirulina were screened for potential bioactivity. Extraction of secondary metabolites was carried out using different solvents to determine antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the dried extracts. The total phenolic contents of dried methanolic extracts were significantly different (p < 0.05). H. elongata exhibited highest phenolic content at 151.3 mg GAE/g of seaweed extract and also had the highest DPPH scavenging activity (p < 0.05) with a 50% inhibition (EC50) level at 0.125μg/ml of extract. H. elongata also had the highest total tannin and total flavonoid contents (p < 0.05) of 38.34 mg CE/g and 42.5 mg QE/g, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was determined using a microtitre method which allowed detection of bacterial growth inhibition at low levels. All methanolic seaweed extracts inhibited the food spoilage and food pathogenic bacteria tested; Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella abony, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except C. crispus extracts. It was found that dried methanolic extracts of red and green seaweeds had significantly lower antimicrobial activity than the brown species; H. elongata had the highest antimicrobial activity with up to 100% inhibition. In the studied work, the antimicrobial activity of red and green seaweed extracts significantly increased when ethanol and acetone were used as extraction solvents (p < 0.05). Inhibition of E. faecalis with C. crispus extracts increased from 39.28 to 100% when ethanol and acetone were applied as solvents.

Antioxidant Capacity And Polyphenol Content Of Brown Seaweeds After Heat Processing, Gaurav Rajauria, Shilpi Gupta, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are renewable living resources which are also used as food, feed and fertilizer in many parts of the world. They are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites characterized by a broad spectrum of biological behavior such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The effect of heat treatment was investigated on the level of bioactive compounds and changes in the overall antioxidant capacity of edible Irish brown seaweeds namely Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata. In order to make the seaweeds safe and edible, they were heated at 85, 95, 100, 110 and 121°C …

Preserving Pears, Charlotte P. Brennand, Teresa Hunsaker

All Current Publications

This publications provides information on pears, including freezing, canning, drying, storing, and nutritional information.

Preserving Tomatoes, Pauline Williams, Charlotte P. Brennand

All Current Publications

This publication provides information of preserving tomatoes by freezing, canning, and drying, and includes recipes.

Preserving Grapes, Christine Jensen, Charlotte P. Brennand

All Current Publications

This publication describes grapes, how to select, can, freeze and dry them. It gives storage and nutritional information.

Preserving Pole And Bush Beans, Brian Nummer

All Current Publications

This publication provides information on the varieties of beans and how to best plant and harvest them.

Preserving Summer Squash, Brian Nummer

All Current Publications

This publication includes information about varieties, planting and harvesting, ways to preserve, nutrition, and recipes.

Preserving Apricots, Charlotte P. Brennand, Ann Henderson

All Current Publications

This publication provides information on the proper selection, preparation, freezing, and canning of apricots.

Preserving Berries, Charlotte P. Brennand, Debra Proctor

All Current Publications

This publication describes kinds of berries, how to select, can, freeze, and dry them. It also gives storage and nutritional information.

Preserving Chile, Charlotte P. Brennand

All Current Publications

1. The best way to preserve chile depends on how you plan to use it and your available storage space. Frozen or canned chile is best for chile rellenos and salsas. Stews can use frozen, canned or dried chile. Dried chile has minimal storage requirements and is light-weight for taking on camping trips. Pickled chiles can be used on a relish plate or as an ingredient in other dishes.

Preserving Venison, Charlotte P. Brennand, Brian A. Nummer, Margie P. Memmott

All Current Publications

This publication describes venison and how to properly select, can, freeze, and store it.

Applied Statistics: Experience & Cerification In Quality Assurance, Huey D. Dodson

Statistics

The composition of my senior project can be broken down into two parts. The first part of my project, without which the second could not be pursued, involved a 13 week internship at a produce processing facility where I took part in several projects varying in scope and type. The second part was to acquire certification as a Quality Process Analyst from the American Society for Quality.

This document is structured to represent the dichotomous nature of my project; the first section is dedicated to my internship experience, and the second dedicated to the certification examination preparation and completion.

Evaluation Of Increased Vitamin D Fortification In High-Temperature, Short-Time–Processed 2% Milk, Uht-Processed 2% Fat Chocolate Milk, And Low-Fat Strawberry Yogurt, Alexa L. Hanson, Lloyd E. Metzger

Nutrition Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased vitamin D fortification (250 IU/serving) of high-temperature, short-time (HTST)–processed 2% fat milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt on the sensory characteristics and stability of vitamin D during processing and storage. Three replicates of HTST pasteurized 2% fat milk, UHT pasteurized 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt were manufactured. Each of the 3 replicates for all products contained a control (no vitamin D fortification), a treatment group with 100 IU vitamin D/serving (current level of vitamin D fortification), and a treatment group with …

High Crimes, Not Misdemeanors: Deterring The Production Of Unsafe Food, Rena I. Steinzor

Faculty Scholarship

In the fall of 2008, Minnesota public health officials became alarmed by an unusually high number of illnesses and deaths caused by salmonella poisoning. Federal and state regulators and the news media eventually traced the outbreak back to products supplied by the Peanut Corporation of America (PCA). Employees shipped batches that tested positive for salmonella from a plant with a leaking roof, mold growing on ceilings and walls, rodent infestation, filthy processing receptacles, and feathers and feces in the air filtration system. Under an agreement with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Georgia state inspectors visited the PCA plant nine …