Food Processing Commons^™

Effects Of Material Form On The Modification Of Rice By Heat-Moisture Treatment, Wang Haoyan, Feng Wei, Zheng Yubin, Wang Ren, Huo Jian

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of two material forms (rice flour and whole rice grains) on the modification performance of rice by heat-moisture treatment and physicochemical properties. [Methods] Early indica rice is used as raw material. Rice flour and whole rice grains are subjected to heat-moisture treatment (100 ℃, 2 h) under three moisture levels (21%, 24%, and 27%). Subsequently, the basic chemical composition, surface particle morphology, crystal structure characteristics, and farinograph processing properties of samples from the two groups are characterized. [Results] After heat-moisture treatment, the particle dispersibility of samples in both groups decreases significantly, accompanied by obvious aggregation …

Effects Of Combined Ultrasonication And Lactic Acid Bacteria Treatment On Nutritional Quality And In Vitro Simulated Digestibility Characteristics Of Rice During The Germination Process, Qingsong Zhu, Shuang Ren, Yalan Chen, Jing Zhu, Shuangying Jiao

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study explores the nutritional quality of germinated rice,aiming to develop its medicinal value.[Method ] Five varieties of rice (‘Shuijing 3’ ‘Zhiyou 151’ ‘Chunyou 167’ ‘9 You 418’,and ‘Ningxiangjing 9’) were treated with ultrasonic waves,and then lactic acid bacteria and fermentation liquid were used instead of water as the culture medium for rice germination.The effects of combined ultrasonication and lactic acid bacteria treatment on the levels of total starch,amylose,resistant starch,and soluble protein of rice during the germination process were investigated.The structural changes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the estimated glycemic index (eGI) …

Influence Of Lipolytic Enzymes On The Fractional Composition Of Wheat Alcohol, Bobir S. Kayumov, Saida Sh. Khakimova, Khasan T. Khasanov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The purpose of this work is to study the influence of lipolytic enzymes on the fermentation activity and fractional composition of alcohol by the yeast Saccharamyces cerevisea during alcoholic fermentation. Lipolytic enzymes, intensifying the fermentation process and increasing the yield of the target product, have a positive effect on the physiological activity of yeast cells. Hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters also occurs due to the hydrolase activity of lipases. In the presence of exogenous lipases, hydrolysis of lipids occurs due to the hydrolase activity of lipases and the fractional composition of alcohol changes. The content of esters is reduced by …

A Preliminary Study On The Effect Mechanism Of A Rice Immune Peptide In Mice, Wen Shiyu, Zhang Zhimeng, Wu Hao, Xie Yufei, Huang Qingming, Liao Juan, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the potential immunomodulatory activity in mice of rice immunopeptide GBP1 （NSVFRALPVDVVANAYR） screened previously. Methods: Animal experiments were conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism of GBP1 peptide. RNA-Seq was used to sequence the transcriptome of mouse spleen tissues before and after GBP1 peptide treatment, and the molecular mechanism of GBP1 peptide immunomodulatory effect was explained. Results: In the GBP1 peptide treatment group, the number of spleen cells tended to be normal, the liver organ coefficient decreased significantly, and the serum IgG content was stable.GBP1 peptide can affect the expression of cytokines, mediate signal transduction pathways, …

Rice Fatty Acid Detection Method Combining Hyperspectral Technology With Improved Lssvm, Fu Juanjuan, Chen Chunru, Huang Zhenlin, Sun Feng

Food and Machinery

Objective: To solve the problems of low accuracy and poor efficiency in the existing rice quality testing methods of food enterprises. Methods: Based on a hyperspectral data acquisition system, a fast and non-destructive detection method for stored rice quality was proposed, which combined an improved bacterial foraging algorithm and least squares support vector machine. By applying the improved bacterial foraging algorithm, the hyperparameters (regularization parameter and kernel parameter) of the least squares support vector machine were optimized to achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of rice quality. its performance was analyzed through experiments. Results: The proposed method can achieve rapid and …

Determination Of Chlorantraniliprole And Penoxsulam Residues In Rice By Quechers-Uplc-Ms/Ms, Huang Zijie, Huang Pengmian, Luo Kuanneng, Xiang Zhongping, Zhang Honggang

Food and Machinery

Objective: To establish a new QuEChERS-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam residues in rice. Methods: After the sample was extracted with 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile, purified with N-propylethylenediamine (PSA) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) packing, 0.2% formic acid water and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases for gradient elution, and then subjected to C₁₈ chromatography. UPLC-MS/MS was used to column separation and determination. Results: The limits of quantification (LOQ) of chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were both 0.004 mg/kg, and the method detection limits (LOD) were both 0.001 mg/kg. Chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam had …

A Method For On-Site And Rapid Detection Of Trace Cadmium In Rice Based On Colloidal Goldlateral Chromatography, Wang Ranran, Yao Li, Yao Bangben, Chen Wei, Chen Zhaoran

Food and Machinery

Objective： A colloidal gold test strip method that can achieve on-site and rapid detection of cadmium elements in rice was established. Methods： Based on lateral immunochromatographic technology, the colloidal gold test strip was systematically optimized for a series of parameters that affect the detection performance. Results： The visual detection limit of cadmium in rice was reached at 10 ng/g with the colloidal gold test strip. In practical applications, the sample pretreatment process is simple, low concentration acid can be directly extracted and diluted for test strip detection. Conclusion: The colloidal gold test strip was suitable for on-site rapid screening ofcadmium …

B. R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2022, J. Hardke, X. Sha, N. Bateman

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice producer in the United States. The state represents 50.1% of total U.S. rice production and 49.8% of the total acres planted to rice in 2022. Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, these practices are also dynamic and continue to evolve in response to changing political, environmental, and economic times. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor and record changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas that produce rice. Questions …

International Rice Outlook: International Rice Baseline Projections 2022-2032, A. Durand-Morat, S. Bairagi, W. Mulimbi

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Rice prices in Asia increased since the Summer of 2022 mainly due to worries about a reduction in rice production in India caused by an abnormal monsoon season (Fig. 1). The upward trend in export prices solidified after India implemented a 20% export tariff on brown and milled long-grain rice, and a complete ban on exports of broken rice, in September 2022 to curve down exports and release the pressure on domestic rice prices. India’s rice export prices increased since then and proportionally to the value of the export tax. The latest estimates put rice production at 128 million metric …

Design And Experiment Of Multi-Station Automatic Powder Loading System Based On Fuzzy Control, Mou Xiang-Wei, Nan Xiang-Gang, Yu Xin-Ye, Chen Lin-Tao

Food and Machinery

Objective: In view of the technical problems such as low efficiency and difficult automatic control of the automatic powder production line for factory rice noodle production. Methods: This research proposed a multi-station automatic powder loading system based on fuzzy control, selecting the deviation E₁ between the detected value of the powder height and the preset value, the deviation change rate EC₁ and the deviation between the current position of the powder loading car and the position to be loaded. The absolute value E₂ was used as the input variable, and the motor speed U₁ and the …

B.R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2021, J. Hardke, X. Sha, N. Bateman

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading rice producer in the United States. The state represents 47.5% of total U.S. rice production and 47.8% of the total acres planted to rice in 2021. Rice cultural practices vary across the state and across the U.S. However, these practices are also dynamic and continue to evolve in response to changing political, environmental, and economic times. This survey was initiated in 2002 to monitor and record changes in the way Arkansas rice producers approach their livelihood. The survey was conducted by polling county extension agents in each of the counties in Arkansas that produce rice. Questions …

Mineral Element Discrimination Of Selenium-Enriched Rice In Ningxia And Its Quality Evaluation, Yang Xiao-Chen

Food and Machinery

Objective:The element content and physical and chemical quality were analyzed from the nutritional quality of Selenium (Se)-enriched rice in Ningxia.Methods:25 rice samples from different brands in Ningxia were selected as the research object, and 26 mineral elements in which were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and multivariate statistical analysis of these elements was conducted.Results:Through the analysis of the difference of element content between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice, the quality of Se-enriched rice was distinguished. Moreover, it was found that Se-enriched rice was rich in four kinds of elements such as Ca, …

Quality Properties Of Mixture Of The Proso Millet And Rice, Ren Jing, Jiang Wen-Qian, Zhao Ning, Ji Xiao-Hui, Li Meng-Qing, Du Shuang-Kui

Food and Machinery

Objective:The purpose of this study was to mix rice and proso millets and obtain high nutritional value, fantastic taste and flavor mixed rice.Methods:By adding different proportions of proso millets to rice, the nutritional value and fantastic taste of mixed rice were evaluated via the amino acid score (AAS), texture profile properties, sensory evaluations and flavor properties.Results:There were significant differences in the texture profile properties, sensory evaluations and flavor properties among cooked proso millets additions. The proportion of the cooked rice addition was significantly positively correlated to the gumminess and chewiness of rice, while it was …

Research On Rapid Prediction Model Of Rice Moisture Content Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Lu Du, Tang Jian-Bo, Jiang Tai-Ling, Chen Zhong-Ai, Pan Mu

Food and Machinery

Objective:In order to established a non-destructive, rapid and efficient method for detecting the moisture content of rice. Methods:This study, 161 rice samples were collected from 5 different regions were studied by near infrared spectroscopy combined with stoichiometry. By eliminating abnormal spectra and preprocessing the spectra, the prediction model of rice moisture content was established by partial least squares regression. Results:15 abnormal spectrum samples were eliminated using the method of principal component analysis combined with mahalanobis distance. The best spectral pretreatment was to eliminate the constant offset. The prediction model R2CAL established in the training set was 0.994 …

International Rice Outlook: International Rice Baseline Projections 2021–2031, A. Durand-Morat, S. Bairagi

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

The war in Ukraine and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are pushing input costs to record levels. Although rice prices have increased some in the last several months, production costs have increased more than proportionally, undermining rice profitability.

We project global rice production will surpass global rice consumption for most of the coming decade, with a small deficit developing by the end of the projected period.

The projected growth in production is almost exclusively due to productivity gains since the global rice area is projected to increase only marginally by 2029–2031.

The projected growth in global rice consumption …

Effects Of Thickness Fraction Process On Physicochemical Properties, Cooking Qualities, And Sensory Characteristics Of Long-Grain Rice Samples, Sara E. Jarma Arroyo, Terry J. Siebenmorgen, Han-Seok Seo

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

A process of removing thinner kernels of rough rice, i.e., thickness fraction process, has been suggested as a method for increasing milling yields in the rice industry. This study aimed at determining whether physicochemical properties, cooking qualities, and sensory characteristics of rice samples could be changed by the addition of a thickness fraction into the rice process stream. Each of four long-grain rice cultivar lots was assigned into two groups: unfractionated and thickness-fractionated. For the thickness-fractionated group, thin rice kernels (

High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation In Starch Related Snps, And Functional, And Sensory Properties, Ming Hsuan Chen, Karen Bett-Garber, Jeanne Lea, Anna Mcclung, Christine Bergman

Hospitality Faculty Research

Human diets containing greater resistant starch (RS) are associated with superior glycemic control. Although high amylose rice has higher RS (29 g/kg to 44 g/kg) than lower amylose content varieties, sensory and processing properties associated with RS have not been evaluated. This study used variants of Waxy and starch synthase II a (SSIIa) genes to divide high amylose (256 g/kg to 284 g/kg) varieties into three haplotypes to examine their effects on RS, RVA parameters, and 14 cooked rice texture properties. RVA characteristics were influenced by both genes with peak and hotpaste viscosity differentiating the three haplotypes. Setback from hotpaste …

Data Analytics For Sustainable Food And Agriculture Systems, Megan Lord Reavis

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The increasing concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is altering the climate, posing a serious threat to global agriculture and food security. Agriculture and food production contribute a quarter of all GHG emissions produced, so there is a critical need to limit emissions in this area while increasing food production to feed the anticipated 10 billion people by 2050. To address the needs of the future, data-driven solutions are needed to guide decision-making and provide support for actionable climate mitigation and survival strategies. Research efforts must be focused on analyzing problems on multiple scales, identifying new ways to …

Impact Of Planting Arrangement And Drill Row Spacing For Direct-Seeded, Delayed Flood Rice, Mary Jane Lytle

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Direct-seeding is the most frequently utilized planting practice in Arkansas and Mid-South rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Enhanced plant density and more rapid rice canopy formation may result from the implementation of innovative plant arrangements and spacings. Studies were initiated in 2019 and continued into 2020 to examine different cultural management practice experiments, including evaluating the impacts of planting arrangement, row spacing, and seeding rates on rice stand density, canopy coverage, grain yield, and milling yield. These small-plot trials were conducted at two locations, a silt loam site and a clay site, representative of soils produced to rice in eastern …

Optimization Of Broken Rice Consumption Through Understanding The Confluence Of Sensory And Economic Preferences, Matthew Greer Richardson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The authors were perplexed by the seeming dichotomy between the majority 70% of Haitian consumers being chronically food insecure, but still preferring to pay premium international market prices for long-grain rice that constitutes 30% of the calories in this poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal percent broken rice in regards to price specifically to Haiti. Optimization between quality and price point is seen as the best rice for the price, and can be found through combining individual preferences with willingness to pay. Broken rice (brokens) garner a significantly discounted price …

Evaluation Of Irrigation And Nutrient Management Strategies In Rice Using Alternative Irrigation Methods, Justin Lee Chlapecka

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As water resources gain value across the Mid-South, alternative irrigation strategies of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have garnered increasing attention. In 2015, an estimated 1.7% of Arkansas rice hectarage used alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation and 0.9% used furrow irrigation. As of 2020, 2.5% used AWD and 16.9% used furrow irrigation, the latter accounting for near 99,000 ha in Arkansas. Little information exists in the scientific literature in relation to management of rice grown in the Mid-South without a conventional flood. This fact coupled with the rapid adoption rate, especially for furrow-irrigated rice (FIR), during the last five years …

Impacts Of Postharvest Temperature Exposure Profiles On Rice Physicochemical Properties, Seth Graham-Acquaah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heated-air drying followed by tempering (HAT) is effective for increasing rough-rice drying rates without compromising head rice yield (HRY). However, heat exposure could affect rice end-use properties. Hypothesizing that the total amount of heat exposure incurred by rice during heated-air drying determines the trend and magnitude of changes in end-use properties, this dissertation sought to 1) characterize the effects of drying and tempering regimen on changes in end-use properties, 2) derive an index to quantify and compare the amount of heat exposure that rice kernels incur during active drying and, 3) relate values of this index to changes in rice …

Analysis Of Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Polysaccharides In Immature Rice During Seed Development, Li Hong-Liang, Li Dan, Zhang Chao, Zhang Dong-Jie

Food and Machinery

In order to determine the change rule of polysaccharides content in fresh rice grains at different mature stages, the polysaccharides were extracted from fresh rice grains at different mature stages by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction method. The composition of polysaccharides was analyzed by HPLC, and the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was determined by antioxidant test in vitro. The results showed that the content of polysaccharides in fresh rice was the highest at the stage of late milk, up to 46.89 mg/g. Mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose were the main components of polysaccharides at this …

Implications Of Rice Cultivar Selection To Optimize Returns From Crop Insurance, David Ethan Branscum

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice production differs from most other field crops by distinct differences in yields across cultivars and rice producers being paid for yield after post-harvest milling. Using eleven years (2003-2013) of Arkansas harvest data from performance trials in six different locations, hybrids have 19% higher paddy yields and head rice yield rate 1.7% lower than conventional cultivars. Given the 2014 Farm Bill’s emphasis on crop insurance as a risk management tool for producers, these variations in yield among cultivars have significant implications for rice producers. Comparing national level, crop insurance data on corn, soybeans and rice indicates rice producers strongly prefer …

How To Be The Perfect Asian Wife!, Sophia Hill

Art and Art History Honors Projects

“How to be the Perfect Asian Wife” critiques exploitative power systems that assault female bodies of color in intersectional ways. This work explores strategies of healing and resistance through inserting one’s own narrative of flourishing rather than surviving, while reflecting violent realities. Three large drawings mimic pervasive advertisement language and presentation reflecting the oppressive strategies used to contain women of color. Created with charcoal, watercolor, and ink, these 'advertisements' contrast with an interactive rice bag filled with comics of my everyday experiences. These documentations compel viewers to reflect on their own participation in systems of power.

Development And Characterization Of Rice Genotypes For Water Use Efficiency And Drought Resistance, Anuj Kumar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice, the second largest staple food crop, uses 30% of global fresh water to complete its life cycle worldwide. Water deficits worldwide have become a serious problem affecting rice growth and ultimately grain yield. To solve the water problem globally, improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) and other drought resistance (DR) traits in rice genotypes would be a useful strategy using advanced genomics tools. In this study, our objectives were to 1) analyze phenotypes of the USDA rice mini-core collection (URMC) for WUE and DR related traits, 2) correlate drought response phenes for physiological traits and grain yield in the …

Development Of A One Pass Microwave Heating Technology For Rice Drying And Decontamination, Deandrae Lynette Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

An industrial microwave (MW) system operating at 915 MHz frequency was used to dry high moisture content (MC) (23% to 24% wet basis) medium-grain rough rice samples (cv. Jupiter). The rice beds were contained in a modified tray that accommodated up to 9 kg of rice separated by thin fiberglass mesh in 3 kg increments. Each layer of rice was fitted with fiber optic sensors connected to a real time data logger during MW treatments. It was determined that drying rice to a MC of 14% to 16% was feasible with the application of MW specific energy at 600 kJ/kg-grain …

Effects Of Delayed Drying And Storage Conditions On Milling, Color, And Viscosity Properties Of Rice, Kathryn Nicole Haydon

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Head rice yields (HRYs), kernel discoloration, and functional properties are three hallmarks of rice quality, and can be impacted after harvest by storage conditions. This study evaluated impacts on rice quality due to controlled storage at moisture contents (MCs), temperatures, and storage durations that may be incurred during Mid-South rice farming practices. Three hybrid, long-grain cultivars, harvested in Arkansas in 2014 and 2015, were stored in rough rice form at 4 MCs (12.5%, 16%, 19%, and 21%), and 5 temperatures (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 27°C, and 40°C), for 16 weeks, with samples taken every 2 weeks. After drying and milling, HRYs, …

A Simulation Platform For Accurate Prediction Of In-Bin Drying And Storage Of Rough Rice, Houmin Zhong

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Natural air (NA), in-bin drying and storage of rough rice generally maintains high grain quality, but the associated slow movement and occasional stagnation of the drying front during the process may result in problems of rice quality reduction, mold growth, and mycotoxin development, especially for rough rice in the top layers of the bin. Using modeling techniques to simulate in-bin rough rice drying in typically-encountered field scenarios may provide a tool for rapidly predicting the grain condition as drying progresses. The objectives for this study were to (1) investigate accurate models for predicting equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of rough rice …

Milling And Functional Properties Of Co-Mingled Rice Cultivars, Nikhil N. Basutkar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Differences have been observed in the milling and functional properties of different rice cultivars, particularly between hybrid and pureline cultivars. Co-mingling of rice cultivars commonly occurs during harvest, storage and drying operations. Thus, there is a need to study the effect of co-mingling on the milling and functional properties of rice cultivars. Two long-grain, hybrid (H) cultivars CL XL745 and CL XL729 and two long-grain, pureline (P) cultivars CL 151 and Wells were used to prepare CL XL745/CL 151 (H/P), CL XL745/CL XL729 (H/H) and Wells/CL 151 (P/P) co-mingles, mixed in various proportions. Milled rice yield (MRY), head rice yield …