Food Processing Commons^™

Optimization Of Fermentation Process For Potato Wine And Analysis Of Flavor Substances, Yu Zhaoshuo, Xu Hanlin, Peng Zhangwen, Yu Ji, Ma Chengjin

Food and Machinery

The production process conditions of vinegar from fresh potatoes were studied through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and acetic fermentation. The influence of factors on total acid content was also studied according to Central Composite Design based on the single factor tests. The results showed that the optimal parameters of the fermentation were with inoculum size 12 mL/100 mL, processing at 34 ℃ for 6 d. Under this condition, the total acid content reached 3.21 g/100 mL, and the vinegar showed amber color and moderate sourness. Moreover, 14 kinds of flavor substances such as eugenol, benzene alcohol and phenethyl acetate were …

Effects Of Fat Content And Oxidation On The Color Of Casing, Ge Qingfeng, Ding Qiqi, Cui Baowei, Yin Yongqi, Gu Yongjun, Wu Mangang, Yu Hai

Food and Machinery

In the present study, the effect of lipid content and oxidation on the color of casing was investigated. Result showed that lipid content has a significant impact on the color of casing. After alcohol treatment, lipid content of casing decreased while its △E decreased significantly. The correlation coefficients for the colour change and the lipid oxidation of casing over 0.9. The present study indicates that lipid oxidation is an important factor of the deterioration of casing’s color.

Effect Of Drying Temperature On Quality Of Debittered Apricot Kernels, Zhang Xinyun, Song Yun, Fan Xuehui, Zhang Qingan

Food and Machinery

Effects of the drying temperatures (60, 80, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 ℃）on the major quality of debittered apricot kernels drying products were studied. The results showed that with increase of drying temperature, the main component of debittered apricot nuts decreased after the first increase. Values of peroxide and acid of debittered apricot kernels increased with drying temperature. Drying temperature influenced on the color of debittered apricot nuts significantly. There was a good correlation between the protein (r=0.713 0), leucine (r=0.659 8), histidine (r=0.765 2), reducing sugar (r=0.800 1), aspartic acid (r=0.638 7), glutamic acid (r=0.801 5), valine (r=0.812 0), …

Influences Of Environmental Temperature And Humidity On Quality Of The Distribution Tobacco Cut And Cigarette, Gu Liang, Li Chungguang, Liu Qiang, Fan Xinshun, Li Yaoguang, Sun Mi, Zhang Yuhai

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the influence trend of moisture and temperature on the filling and cigarette quality distribution of the cut tobacco, environment temperature (5～40 ℃) and humidity (30%～80%) conditions of different season of Henan province were simulated respectively, and the different packaging and distribution of tobacco and cigarette quality was analyzed, under conditions of low temperature and wet, drying, high temperature and wet, normal temperature and dry. The results showed that cigarette quality under normal temperature conditions on the distribution of tobacco was less than those under the low and high temperature conditions; cigarette quality under the damp conditions …

Advances In The Effect Of Crosslinked Modification On The Properties Of The Starch, Zhang Jiayan, Xiong Jianwen, Zhao Pin, He Liyuan

Food and Machinery

Crosslinking is a common method to modify starch. The properties of cross-linked starch are affected by the starch source, the kind and concentration of cross-linked agent, and cross-linking method. The affection of crosslinking on the physicochemical properties, microscopic structure, gelatinization properties, and crystal structure of cross-linked starch were reviewed in this study, aiming to provide theoretical references for further research on production and application of cross-linked starch.

The Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry Technology And Its Application In Plant Polyphenols Identification, Li Weizhou, Ming Jian, Xiao Xingning, Shi Fang, Li Yao

Food and Machinery

Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has been widely applied in food, biological medicine, environmental monitoring for its great precision, wide range of detection and high speed of analysis. TOF-MS with various techniques in tandem plays an important role in the structure identification of polyphenols. In this review, it was outlined the application of time of flight mass spectrometry in the structure identification of plant polyphenols to provide some references for the study of plant polyphenol.

Advances In Research On Extraction Technologies Of Bioactive Substances From Chrysanthemum, Zhang Lei, Xiang Fangzhi, Miao Wenjuan, Yin Peifeng

Food and Machinery

The optimum extraction techniques of five kinds of bioactive substances in chrysanthemum were reviewed, and the principle and technical parameters of each extraction process were expounded in order to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for scientific research and industrial production of chrysanthemum.

The Using Of Bib In The Packaging Of Cooking Oil, Diao Xiaoqian, Weng Yunxuan, Pei Xiaoqin, Wei Wenchang

Food and Machinery

Cooking oil is now mainly packagedby cans and PET bottles in China. However, there are problems of serious illegally refilling waste cooking oil, limited shelf life and high costs. In this paper, the structure of the Bag in Box (BIB), the advantages of the packaging for the cooking oil, the existing problems, and the prospect of the application in the packaging of the cooking oil were reviewed. BIB has been widely used in the packaging of various liquid products, which can be used in cooking oil to save raw materials and costs, improve the shelf life, and exclude illegally refilling …

Overview On Shearing Equipment For Stipe Lentinula Edodes, Li Feng, Song Weidong, Wang Mingyou, Wang Jiaoling, Wu Jingji, Ding Tianhang

Food and Machinery

Shearing equipment for stipe Lentinula edodes alleviates the restriction of shearing stipe Lentinula edodes by labor intensive, ensures the processing quality of the Lentinula edodes and improves the efficiency of Shearing for stipe Lentinula edodes. Therefore, this paper does deep analysis on research progress of shearing equipment for stipe Lentinula edodes, and points out that: the research of shearing equipment for stipe Lentinula edodes started later, and the development of hardware and software was poorer; the design of equipment was simple and humble; , and the key techniques such as sorting, positioning did not conquer; degree of mechanization was lower. …

Effect Of Sodiuncarboxy Methyl Cellulose On The Gel Properties Of Soybean Protein, Miao Zhonghua, Xin Yicong, Zeng Ruiqi, Zheng Jiong

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the influence of sodiuncarboxy methyl cellulose on the gel properties of soybean protein, CMC of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% were added, respectively, to soybean protein with a mass fraction of 5%, and the change of the rheological properties, gelation and microstructure were also studied. The results showed that the dynamic viscoelasticity of the gel system changed, and the storage modulus of the gel system increased with the addition of CMC. However, the loss tangent decreased gradually with the addition of CMC. When the amount of CMC exceeded 0.3%, the storage modulus of the system …

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Device For Water-Injected Meat And Extraction Of Feature Threshold, Liu Zhaoxin, Li Ming, Gan Fuhang, Zhang Weihua, Wang Runtao

Food and Machinery

Targeting the water-injected meat issue and lack of the household inspective devices, developed a portable non-destructive ultrasonic inspective device on water-injected meat. Basing on the ultrasonic energy analysis, the final characteristic threshold is confirmed by analyzing characteristic values, like the characteristics of frequency, characteristic half-wave, and δ0 amplitude, through related experiments. As the results imply, 4.010 V, the obtained δ0 amplitude of characteristic half-wave, is the final threshold. The nondestructive ultrasonic inspective device on water-injected meat reaches a high grading accuracy of 98.8%.

Study On The Optimization Of The Compound Inhibitor Of Non-Enzymatic Browning In Stanuntonia Chinensis Juice, Cui Linyun

Food and Machinery

To optimize the compound inhibitor of the non-enzymatic browning in Stanuntonia chinensis juice, four inhibited single factor experiments, i.e., EDTA-Na₂ (X1), Sodium D-isoascorbate (X2), L-cysteine (X3) and Citric Acid (X4), were used as the independent variables, while the non-enzymatic browning inhibition rate (Y) was regarded as the dependent variable. Moreover, the response surface experiments were undertaken by Box-Behnken design and process the data by Expert 8.0. With the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimal inhibited process parameters of non-enzymatic browning in the S. chinensis juice was found to be combination of 0.001 1% EDTA-Na₂, 0.212 6% Sodium …

Developments And Properties Of Plastic Mimicking Biopolymers For Food Packaging Application, Daniel I. Hefft

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Sustainability takes an ever increasing importance in the food industry. Here not only the selection of raw materials plays a role, but also packaging materials. Nowadays there is an increasing number of biodegradable and bio-compostable packaging materials available.

However, these materials are still not able to replace mineral oil based packaging materials completely, nevertheless they are becoming increasingly important, since there must be solutions to problems such as pollution of the oceans by plastic waste, growing piles of rubbish from growing population, etc.

The following literature review shows briefly recent developments on plastic mimicking biopolymers, as these materials guarantee great …

Effect Of Red Cabbage Extract On Minced Nile Perch Fish Patties Vacuum Packaged In High And Low Oxygen Barrier Films, Ayse Demirbas, Yavuz Yagiz, Ziynet Boz, Bruce A. Welt, Eric Mclamore, Maurice Marshall, William Pelletier, Amarat Simonne

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish causes loss of product quality. Oxidative rancidity causes loss of nutritional value and undesirable color changes. Therefore, powerful antioxidant extracts may provide a relatively low cost and natural means to reduce oxidation, resulting in longer, higher quality and higher value shelf life of foods.

In this study, we measured synergistic effects of red cabbage antioxidant and vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation in fresh tilapia patties using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, peroxide value (PV), pH and color analysis.

Concentrated red cabbage extract was obtained …

Study On Catalytic Behaviors Of Rhizopus Chinensis Lipase Under Synergic Action Of High Pressure And Temperature, Chen Gang, Miao Ming, Jiang Bo, Feng Biao

Food and Machinery

The effects of pressure and temperature on the activity and the stability of Rhizopus chinensis lipase during high hydrostatic pressure treatment were studied. Based on the two-state model, the thermal denaturation of the enzyme was investigated and the isokineticity diagram was obtained. Within 0.1～200.0 MPa the enzyme activity increased with the pressure and the maximum activity was achieved at 200 MPa, which was 116% of that at atmospheric pressure. The activity began to decrease at pressure above 200 MPa and this tendency accelerated upon the pressure superior to 400 MPa. The high pressure treatment did not modify the optimal temperature …

Preparation Of Carbon Nanotube Composite Functionalized By Cinnamaldehyde/Chitosan And Application For Lipase Immobilization, Liu Wei, Jia Chengsheng, Zhang Xiaoming, Xia Shuqin

Food and Machinery

Using chitosan modified by cinnamaldehyde to decorate carbon nanotubes, a novel cinnamaldehyde/ chitosan/ carbon nanotubes composites were synthesized. The modified composites and its corresponding intermediates were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, high-resolution SEM and TGA. Taking porcine pancreatic lipase as a model, explored the properties of cinnamaldehyde/ chitosan/ carbon nanotubes composite materials. The results indicated that when the conditions were: molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to chitosan of 41, pH =7.0 and the enzyme concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the maximum load of 248 mg/g and the enzyme activity of 8 064 U/g were obtained. The enzyme activity was still above 69% …

Research Of Bound Aromas Based On Acid Hydrolysis In Glutinous And Non-Glutinous Sorghums, Lu Jiahui, Fan Wenlai, Xu Yan

Food and Machinery

In order to explore the effect of glutinous and non-glutinous sorghums on Chinese liquor’s quality, the SPE column was used for adsorbing bound precursors, and then, which were hydrolyzed by acid to release volatile compounds. The HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS was employed to identify and quantify sorghums’ bound aroma compounds. 21 kinds of aroma compounds were detected in two sorghums, including 5 alcohols, 7 aldehydes and ketones, 5 aromatic compounds, 3 terpenoids and 1 furan. Among these, 3 volatiles were identified tentatively. The total content of glutinous and non-glutinous sorghums’ bound aromas was 7 192 μg/kg and 6 922 μg/kg. …

Selection And Diversity Of Pesticide-Degrading Bacteria Isolated From Zaopei Of Luzhou-Flavor Liquor, Feng Ruizhang, Zhou Wanhai, You Ling, Wei Qing, Shu Yuan

Food and Machinery

The pesticide-degrading bacteria was isolated and selected from Zaopei of Luzhou-flavor Liquor by the enrichment culture and plate separation technology, then the phylogenetic analysis of these strains were carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that 52 strains were isolated from Zaopei of Luzhou-flavor Liquor, and 25 strains had degradative capability for Propiconazol, and 10, 17 had degradative capability for, Atrazine, 2,4-D butyl ester respectively. 51 strains belonged to 22 species of 6 genera (Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, Stenotrophomonas), and 1 isolate was presumed to be variety of Bacillus thuringiensis (with 97.3% sequence similarity). Bacillus was …

Screening And Identification Of Lactobacillin-Producing Strain In Traditional Yak Yogurt, Zhang Meimei, Suo Huayi, Zhao Xin, Qian Yu, Li Jian, Ding Yangping, Zhang Yu

Food and Machinery

The 26 strains isolated from traditional fermented yak milk in Yangbajin-Tibet and Yunnan-Shangrila area. In this study, the inhibitory spectrum of the selected strain was determined by Oxford cup double agar diffusion method Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Yeast was taken as the indicator, to screen out lactic acid bacteria with high antibacterial activity from various stains. At the same time, according to the exclusion of organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and proteolysis detection, speculated that the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria may come from lactobacillin. The results showed that 3, 21, 23, 24, 25 strains have higher …

Solubility And Structural Changes Of Corn Starch In Dmso / Water System, Wang Rui, Tian Yaoqi, Xie Zhengjun

Food and Machinery

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the key reagent to dissolve starch in the starch structural analysis. In this paper, solubility and structural changes of corn starch in DMSO/water system were studied. Corn starch achieved maximum solubility of 97.15% in 90% DMSO solution when the dissolution time reaches 12 h. With the excessive dissolution, no significant change in solubility was detected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that starch granules structure were the largest damaged in 90% DMSO, which confirmed that 90% DMSO was the best solvent for starch. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) found …

Optimization On Cultivation Conditions For Antimicrobial Substance Production By Paenibacillus Bovis Sp.Nov. Bd3526, Hua Bangqing, Zhang Qiuxiang, Liu Zhenmin, Wu Zhengjun

Food and Machinery

In order to increase the production of the antimicrobial substances by P.bovis BD3526 in wheat bran broth，the effect of individual fermentation parameter including cultivation temperature, period, inoculum ratio, age of the inoculum and concentration of wheat bran on the inhibitory intensity of the fermented wheat bran broth was determined, employing Micrococcus luteus as the indicator. Based on the results of single factor tests, four variables i.e. cultivation temperature, cultivation period, inoculum ratio and concentration of wheat bran were employed to further optimize the fermentation conditions for antimicrobial components production by the strain BD3526 by response surface methodology. The optimal cultivation …

Characterization Of Carboxymethyl Modified Cellulose Nanocrystal From Sweet Potato Residue, Ma Xiaohan, Liu Xiong, Guo Ting, Zhao Dan, Tian Junqing, Zhao Tiantian

Food and Machinery

With sweet potato residue as raw material, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were achieved through ultrasonic-assisted acid method. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanocrystals (N-CMCs) were produced by carboxymethylation of CNCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the N-CMCs were still typical spherical nano particles and slightly larger with a uniform diameter ranging from 30 nm to 50 nm. They were more loosely packed than the CNCs and had a porous surface structure. The crystallinity index of the N-CMCs (52.83%) was lower than that of CNCs (73.27%), whereas the thermal stability of the former was higher. N-CMCs could be used as an excellent food additive, …

Research On The Detection Model Of Sugar Content In Different Position Of Citrus Based On The Hyperspectral Technology, Jie Dengfei, Yang Jie, Peng Yaxi, Lian Yuxiang, Zhang Deng

Food and Machinery

Hyperspectral techniques were used to study the sugar content of different parts of citrus, and the sugar content detection models with hyperspectral information of calyx, stem and equator part were established respectively. The results showed that the model established by calyx was better than that of stem and equator. The detection models of partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and stepwise multivariate linear regression (SMLR) were established respectively, and the results of these three models were close. The PLSR model was found to the best among them, after Norris derivative pretreatment methods were applied, the prediction correlation …

Determination Of Organic Selenium In Food By Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Gong Liang, Xiong Jun, Yu Yigang

Food and Machinery

A method was established to direct determination of organic selenium in food. The organic selenium was extracted by adding cyclohexane in aqueous solution with pH value of 7.0, and the content of organic selenium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. In the best test conditions, the limit of detection and quantification were 0.45 μg/kg and 1.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 93.5% to 103.0%. The method has many advantages such as simple operation, high precision, wide linear range and so on, and can be used for accurate determination of selenium in food. So it …

Research On Adsorption Capacity Of Organically Modified Na-Montmotillonite For Aflatoxin B1, Sun Siyuan, Diao Enjie, Li Xiangyang, Chu Xuan, Wang Jiasheng, Dong Haizhou

Food and Machinery

Na-montmotillonite (Na-MMT) was organically modified using Octadecy Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (OTMAB) as a modifier to improve its adsorption capacity of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). The modified Na-MMT is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the OTMAB was intercalated into the Na-MMT, expanded its interlayer spacing (d_0.01), and increased its specific surface area. The adsorption isotherm of AFB₁ on the modified Na-MMT is followed the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) and the Langmuir adsorption coefficient (k) …

Study On Electromagnetic Shielding Of Temperature Sensor Which Measures The Temperature Of Powder Food In High Frequency Electrothermal Sterilization Equipment, Tao Yi, Cai Jianrong, Zhang Shiqing, Sun Li, Li Xin

Food and Machinery

One kind of heat treatment machine for powder material was designed to use the metal screw impellor inside the sterilization chamber as the heating component connected to high frequency electricity. As strong magnetic field was generated during the process, the accuracy of temperature at critical control point (CCP) of the material measured by platinum resistor would be influenced, and this entailed the electromagnetic shielding (EM shielding). Based on both theoretical analysis and virtual simulation, our research was intended to design the shielding device. The relationships between the shielding effectiveness and the relative permeability, relative conductivity and thickness of different materials …

Numerical Simulation Of Agitating Valve And Structureoptimization Based On Fluent, Zhan Minmin, Yu Jinghu, Dai Xin

Food and Machinery

The method of computational fluid dynamics with RNG κ-ε turbulence model and Eulerian multiphase flow model was used to the simulation of solid-liquid two-phase feed mixer. Distribution of fluid field and volume fraction of solid-phase were analyzed in the stirred tank of horizontal mixer under the effect of agitator blade with different installing space of mixing blades and various lengths of mixing arms. Based on the results, the appropriate structure parameters could be selected and the simulation also provides theoretical basis for the optimizing design.

Study Of Mixing Effect Of Solid Powder In Horizontal Plant-Size Twin-Shaft Paddle Mixer, Huang Zhaoxia, Wu Xiaochun, Chen Qiaohong

Food and Machinery

The contrast mixing experiments of easy-clean, plant-scale twin-shaft paddle mixer and V-type mixer with one over ten thousand of the tracer were carried out. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of horizontal twin-shaft paddle mixer was under 3% after 180 s mixing, while that of V-type mixer was under 4% after 20～25 min mixing. However, the different characteristics of materials should be considered in the design of this equipment.

Development Of An Electromagnetic Double Row Of Chain Equipment For Recycling And Cleaning Of Plates, Yu Jianwu, Wen Cheng, Hu Qifeng, Shen Xiang, Li Xin

Food and Machinery

In order to solve low collection efficiency and low automation existing in present plates collection equipments, an electromagnetic double row of chain equipment for recycling and cleaning of plates is proposed. Diners place plates on the electromagnetic adsorption module, then plates with different models and materials is cleaned up and collected through automatic adsorbing, cleaning, stacking, and calculating stages. The equipment has good practicability and economy which design with compact structure and simple operation. The maximum speed of equipment is 240 pieces /min, the speed and pressure can be adjusted according to actual need. Equipments do not contact ort during …

Design Of Control System For Vertical Bagpacking Machine Based On Motion Controller, Du Jian, Feng Yu, Zhu Xuejian, Ma Yong

Food and Machinery

The shape irregularity and size diversity of the vertical bags made it difficult to fill them. A stable performance of automatic vertical packaging was explored in order to solve the problems of its poor stability, based on the research of the motion controller as well as adopting the Delta2 robot structure, and this might provide a set of control solutions for the vertical packaging.