Entomology Commons^™

Responses Of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Other Diptera To Carbon Dioxide In Linear And Dense Forests, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed, S. Mihok

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead and other Diptera to carbon dioxide were studied in linear and dense forests along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Flies were caught in biconical traps and were intercepted with electric nets while in flight near traps. Carbon dioxide dispensed at a high rate (51 min-1) in linear forest failed to increase the numbers of tsetse attracted to or caught in traps. In contrast, catches of non-biting Muscidae, Stomoxyinae and Tabanidae were improved by up to 11 times. Inside dense forest, carbon dioxide released at half this rate increased both the numbers of …

Intra- And Interspecific Aggregation Responses Of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides And Schistocerca Gregaria And A Comparison Of Their Pheromone Emissions, Abdoulaye Niassy, Baldwyn Torto, Peter G.N. Njagi, Ahmed Hassanali, Daniel Obeng-Ofori, Jonathan N. Ayertey

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Gregarious nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides are often seen to march together in common bands in the field. In the present study, the intraspecific aggregation responses of nymphal and older stages of the two insects were compared with their interspecific responses. Unlike S. gregaria, L. m. migratorioides shows a lesser pattern of stage and sex differentiation in its aggregation pheromone biology. Thus, although fifth-instar nymphs did not respond significantly to the adult pheromone, adults responded significantly to the nymph pheromone. No cross- stage aggregative responses occur in S. gregaria. In the adults of S. gregaria, production of …

Development Of Odour-Baited Traps For Glossina Swynnertoni (Diptera: Glossinidae), P. N. Ndegwa, S. Mihok

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Three new prototype traps, (S1-S3), were developed during studies of the behavioural ecology of Glossina swynnertoni Austen in Kenya and Tanzania. The traps were compared in latin square experiments relative to the regular biconical trap as a standard and a selection of other conventional tsetse traps. Observations were also made on fly behaviour in the vicinity of traps using electric nets and sticky materials. When baited with acetone and 1-octen-3-ol, the S1 trap was 3.5 times as effective in catching G. swynnertoni in Kenya as the biconical trap. In Tanzania, the relative performance of the S1 and biconical traps differed; …

Evidence For Additional Pheromonal Components Mediating Oviposition Aggregation In Schistocerca Gregaria, Baldwyn Torto, Yousif O.H. Assad, Peter G.N. Njagi, Ahmed Hassanali

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Oviposition responses of gregarious adult gravid females of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria to sand previously used for oviposition by gregarious females (contaminated sand, with eggs and froth removed) and to sterilized sand (noncontaminated sand) were compared in bioassays. Gregarious females preferentially oviposited into contaminated sand. The number of egg pods laid by the females was found to correlate with the frequency of use of the contaminated sand for oviposition. Charcoal-trapped volatiles from the contaminated sand also elicited similar responses from gregarious females. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the trapped volatiles revealed the presence of three electrophysiologically active compounds …

Resistance In Sunflower And Interaction With Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Four sunflower accessions were compared with a susceptible check, hybrid ‘894’, in the greenhouse to determine their resistance to the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, and their interaction with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki. Antibiosis, expressed as lower larval weights, was detected in all of the accessions. In addition to being antibiotic, sunflower accession Ames 3291 was antixenotic to banded sunflower moth oviposition and exhibited an additional impact on larval weight when B. thuringiensis was applied. By itself, B. thuringiensis provided better control of banded sunflower moth than the resistance tested. However, banded sunflower moth-resistant sunflower would be a …

Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) As Vectors Of Bacillus Thuringiensis For Control Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine if honey bees, Apis mellifera L., could vector Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki from hives equipped with a pathogen applicator to sunflower capitula and if the amount of B. thuringiensis deposited on the capitula would be sufficient to control the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. The study demonstrated that honey bees became contaminated with B. thuringiensis as they exited hives equipped with filled pathogen applicators and deposited enough B. thuringiensis on the capitula to cause banded sunflower moth larval mortality. When 2 methods of applying B. thuringiensis were compared, …

Identification Of Muscidifurax Spp. By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region was used to differentiate Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) species which are parasitoids of filth fly pupae. Three restriction enzymes, Dpn 11, Mse I, and Taq I, produced restriction patterns which were diagnostic for the four species analyzed, M. raptor, M. raptorellus, M. uniraptor, and M. zaraptor. Seven other restriction enzymes were able to differentiate one or more of the species and can be used alone, or in combination with other enzymes, to verify identifications. No intraspecific variation was observed among the populations examined. The utility of the …

Median Lethal Concentration And Efficacy Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to determine dose-mortality response of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and its effect on sunflower seed damage and yield. Of B. thuringiensis products tested, Cutlass AF and Javelin WG had the lowest LC50 values and highest slopes and relative potencies for C. hospes. Javelin WG was superior to the other B. thuringiensis materials tested and to Asana XL in preventing seed damage. Sunflower heads sprayed with Javelin WG had higher yields than sunflower heads sprayed with Asana XL or the other B. thuringiensis products tested. Asana XL is a standard …

Distribution And Inhibition Of Esterases In Various Body Tissues Of Susceptible And Resistant German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), No-Joong Park, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The distribution and inhibition of esterase activity among body of the resistant Crawford and susceptible CSMA strains of male German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were evaluated with α- and β-naphthyl esters using a spectrophotometric assay and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The esterase activities in the Crawford strain were significantly higher than in the CSMA strain in most tissues except midgut and male genitalia, where the activities were similar. In both strains, isozyme a was dominant in the brain and fat body and isozymes c and d were more abundant in the midgut; but in addition to isozyme a, isozyme …

Virulence Of Metarhizium Anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Strain Esc-1 To The German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) And Its Compatibility With Insecticides, Pari Pachamuthu, Shripat T. Kamble, Gary Y. Yuen

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain ESC-1 against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was determined using 5 concentrations ranging from 83107 to 23109 spores per milliliter. The calculated LD50 value was 4.18 by 108 spores per milliliter (4.18 3 105 spores per cockroach). In vitro study was conducted to determine the compatibility of M. anisopliae strain ESC-1 with chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and cyfluthrin. Insecticides did not affect conidial germination but did adversely affect the growth and sporulation of M. anisopliae strain ESC-1. The growth of M. anisopliae colonies on media amended only with 50 and 500 ppm of chlorpyrifos …

Aulacaspis Yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae), A Scale Insect Pest Of Cycads Recently Introduced Into Florida, Forrest W. Howard, Avas Hamon, Michael Mclaughlin, Thomas J. Weissling, Si-Lin Yang

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Observations were conducted in southern Florida on Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae), a recently introduced armored scale insect native to Southeast Asia. The insect’s host plants, exclusively cycads, were identified in the following genera: Cycas (Cycadaceae ); Dioon, Encephalartos, Microcycas, (Zamiaceae), and Stangeria (Stangeriaceae). Cycas spp. seemed to be preferred over other cycad genera by this insect. Aulacaspis yasumatsui infested pinnae, rachides, strobili, stems, and roots of various species of cycads. It generally infested all above-ground plant parts of Cycas spp. and sometimes the primary and secondary roots to a soil depth of 60 cm. No morphological differences in …

Plant Hybrid Zones And Insect Host Range Expansion, Diana Pilson

Diana Pilson Publications

The hybrid bridge hypothesis suggests that plant hybrids ‘‘bridge’’ the genetic gap between actual and potential host species, and that, for this reason, herbivorous insects are more likely to evolve an expanded host range in the presence of hybrids. While intuitively appealing, the hypothesis has two implicit assumptions: that phenotypic gaps between potential hosts limit host range, and that characters controlling host use are additively inherited in plant hybrids. Evaluation of these assumptions suggests that operation of the hybrid bridge hypothesis is relatively uncommon. In addition, the hypothesis has not been well integrated into existing theoretical and empirical work on …

Insights For The Management Of Different Locust Species From New Findings On The Chemical Ecology Of The Desert Locust, Ahmed Hassanali, Magzoub Omer Bashir

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Recent studies on the chemical ecology of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, have unravelled a rich and complex system of pheromonal and other semiochemical-mediated communication in this insect. The key pheromones associated with such behavioural processes as social cohesion and communal egg-laying have been characterised. The semiochemical bases of such physiological processes as maturation of solitarious insects before the arrival of seasonal rains, development of gregarious traits in crowded solitarious insects, development of maturation synchrony in gregarious insects, and maternal transfer of gregarious characters to the offspring are better understood. Desert locust semiochemicals are finding two principal uses: as tools …

Comparative Evaluation Of Cotesia Flavipes And C. Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) For The Management Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) In Kenya, M. N. Sallam, W. A. Overholt, E. Kairu

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Cotesia flavipes Cameron, a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to the Indo-Australian region, was imported from Pakistan and released in Kenya in 1993 for management of the exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Recent reports confirmed the successful establishment of the parasitoid in three locations in Kenya and in northern Tanzania. Functional response studies on this parasitoid and an indigenous congener, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), indicated that C. flavipes had a higher searching ability and attacked more larvae when Chilo partellus was the host. When a native stemborer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, was the host, there was no significant difference between numbers attacked by …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 10, No. 9, December 31, 1998

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Grants

Presentations

Congratulations

Graduate student news

Publications

Travel

From Cheri's desk

Classes offered spring 1999

Calendar of events

National ESA award winners

Effects Of Food Deprivation, Age, Time Of Day, And Gamma Irradiation On Attraction Of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) To Two Synthetic Lures In A Wind Tunnel, David C. Robacker

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The physiological condition of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), affected their attraction to 2 similar but qualitatively different synthetic lures in wind-tunnel bioassays. The 2 lures were BioLure (ammonium acetate and putrescine) and AMPu (ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCI, and putrescine) . Effects of food deprivation on attraction to the lures were smaller than the effects of sex, time of day, and irradiation. Sugar-fed, protein-starved flies were attracted more strongly than other hunger-status groups to the lures. Sugar-starved, protein-starved females were less responsive than other groups of females to AMPu. Protein-starved males were more responsive than protein-fed males to BioLure. …

Parasitism Of Greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) By Lysiphlebus Testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Grain Sorghum: Implications For Augmentative Biological Control, Odair A. Fernandes, Robert J. Wright, Z. B. Mayo

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field cage studies were conducted to describe the relationship between the percentage of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) parasitism (as measured by aphid mummies) and densities of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, on grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. In 1993 and 1994, a biotype E-susceptible grain sorghum hybrid was grown in field cages and L. testaceipes adults were released after each plant was infested with 20 biotype E greenbugs. The release rates were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wasps per plant in 1993, and 0, 0.16, 0.33, and 0.5 wasps per plant in 1994. Greenbugs and mummies were counted 1-2 times a week …

Two New Nymphalidae From Western North Carolina: New Subspecies Of Speyeria Aphrodite And Phyciodes Batesii, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Two new subspecies are described from Macon County, North Carolina, United States. Speyeria aphrodite cullasaja is characterized by dorsal melanism, especially in females, by usually lacking the dorsal FW basal spots in cell Cu1 and Cu2, and by a narrowed buff marginal band on the ventral HW (sometimes absent in females). Phyciodes batesii maconensis males are characterized by wholly yellow ventral hind wings devoid of any dark marginal dusting or whitish crescents; and females occasionally possessing, lightly dusted, brown margins and rarely having a silvered marginal ventral HW spot. PPhyciodes batesii maconensis larvae are gregarious Aster feeders. Females are …

Nebline, December 1998

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Holiday legends,traditions & fun
Gardening resolutions
Keep trees fresh
Cyclamen care
Painting with plants
Pruning vines and groundcovers
Combing—a non-toxic method that can eliminate head lice
Our Christmas tree
A mouse in the house
A “must read” book
It’s a hit–20,000 hits!
Use and care of home humidifiers
Deadline near for requesting free inspection in compliance with Livestock Waste Management Act
Private applicators training
Crop Protection Clinic
The Power of a PTO
Beef home study course begins fifth year
Landlords need to reduce cash crop rental rates for '99
Developing your marketing plan
Chain saw operation
Commercial handling of fresh …

Nebline, November 1998

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Auntie Bacteria's holiday advice
Gifts for the gardener
Forcing bulbs
Attracting birds with the right plants
Rodent damage
Winter care for strawberry plants
Dealing with head lice? Even for experts, it's a head scratcher
Good reasons to recycle aluminum
Milk carton bird feeder
Migrating birds face many hazards
Achieving cleaner indoor air
Holding wet corn with aeration
Grain storage information on the web
Pesticide container recycling a success
Farm finances tight? Fertilize with biosolids and save $$
Acreage reply
Native prairie preservation
United States using less water
Reduce orchard woes
Mealtime tips for the preschool child
Healthy Eating: Holiday Turkey …

The Rediscovery, Taxonomy, And Biology Of Chlosyne Gorgone Gorgone And Chlosyne Ismeria (Nymphalidae) In Burke County, Georgia, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

On April 24, 1993 a colony of Chlosyne gorgone gorgone was found in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. This led to the rediscovery on April 27, 1993 of C. g. gorgone at its type locality in Burke County, Georgia. This species had not been seen or collected anywhere in east coastal Georgia or coastal South Carolina since its description in 1810. The type locality is xeric, scrub oak sandhill. This habitat is generally unsuitable for the survival of later broods. The larvae of nominate gorgone have only been found on Helianthus divaricatus. Topotypical gorgone differ slightly, …

Potential Of The Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium Anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin For Control Of The Legume Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips Sjostedti (Trybom) On Cowpea In Kenya, S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, K. Ampong-Nyarko, I. Onu

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Field experiments were conducted at Mbita, western Kenya for two seasons to evaluate the potential of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsh.) Sorokin, for biological control of the legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), on cowpea. An ultra-low-volume (ULV) oil/aqueous formulation and a high-volume (HV) aqueous formulation of conidia were applied three times each at two concentrations of 1 x 1011 and 1 x 1013 conidia ha-1. Compared with the untreated controls, both formulations significantly reduced thrips populations and plant damage in both seasons. Adult insects collected from fungal-treated plots and reared in the laboratory showed a high mortality due …

Viral And Insect Genes That Inhibit The Immune System And Methods Of Use Thereof, Bruce A. Webb, Liwang Cui

Entomology Faculty Patents

Viral, endoparasitoid and/or host genes that specifically inhibit the immune response of insect pests, useful for broadening the host range of insect viruses. Symbiont viruses of insect pests are genetically modified to express immune-suppressing proteins or biologically active fragments thereof and, optionally toxins, to increase the virus host range and/or improve the efficacy of insect pathogens.

"Insects" From Atlas Of The Sand Hills, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Because the Sand Hills are, for the most part, a treeless landscape of grass-covered sand dunes, most of the insects are adapted to sandy habitats and a dry, continental climate, as well as to the kinds of plants and other animals that live there. Unlike most forest-adapted species, insects in the Sand Hills tolerate drier and windier conditions and greater solar radiation. They have also been successful in surviving the periodic fires that are so necessary for maintaining native grasslands. In fact, the mosaic of habitats partially created by fire has probably contributed to increased insect diversity in the Sand …

Nebline, October 1998

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Character Counts! for everyone
Growing hardy bulbs
Tree planting snafus
Timely care of hardy chrysantheums
Mole, mole, go away
Termite control options: baits vs. barriers?
Celebrate America Recycles Day
Household hazardous waste collection: November 7
It's time for your annual “pest-proof” check-up
Removing skunk odor
Temporary/emergency grain storage options
Control leafy spurge
Fall clean-up of warm-season grasses
The first frost, the last hurrah
Pasture weed control
What is this thing called winter desiccation?
Dormant planting grasses and legumes
Finding facts about vegetables and fruits
Healthy Eating: No-Crust Pumpkin Pie
Focus on Food
Preparing for the winter food olympics!
Family & …

An Addendum To Anthocharis Midea Dos Passos And Klots 1969: Description Of A New Subspecies From Texas, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

This paper verifies and expands upon the information presented by dos Passos and Klots in their 1969 systematic revision of Anthocharis midea. Their restriction of the range of A. midea midea to the coastal islands and immediate coast of Georgia and South Carolina, United States is confirmed and expanded north into southern coastal North Carolina. Their range of A. m. annickae is expanded southward from Virginia to central Georgia. A new subspecies, A. midea texana, is described from Texas. Texana is annickae’s ancestor. It differs from annickae only in having greatly reduced black scaling …

Beneficial Arthropods Associated With Buffalograss, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Frederick P. Baxendale, Terrance P. Riordan

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Beneficial arthropods collected from buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, evaluation plots and vegetatively established buffalograss lawns included predatory ants, spiders, ground beetles, rove beetles, big-eyed.bugs, and several species of hymenopterous parasitoids. Ants and spiders were the most abundant beneficial arthropods collected, representing 84% of the total beneficial arthropods captured. Pitfall traps collected >2.5 times as many (16,094) beneficial arthropods as sod plug samples (6,054), demonstrating that pitfall traps are a more effective technique than sod plugs for capturing highly mobile surface-dwelling arthropods. Families of parasitoids captured on sticky traps during the 2-yr sampling period included Scelionidae, Encyrtidae, Mymaridae, and Trichogrammatidae. …

Supplement To: Bt Corn & European Corn Borer: Long-Term Success Through Resistance Management, Ncr-602, Regional Research Committee, Nc 205

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

1. NC-205 is a regional research committee supported by Land Grant Universities, USDA-CSREES and ARS. It is comprised of scientists from 20 states, Mexico and Canada who have conducted research on stalk-boring pests since 1954.

2. The Committee re-examined many of the assumptions upon which our previous scientific assessments were based. This update http://ent.agri.umn.edu/ecb/nc205doc.htm summarizes our scientific understanding and recommendations for resistance management of Bt corn. Our initial recommendations were published in North Central Regional Publication 602 during 1997. An electronic version of NCR-602 is located at http://www.extension.umn.edu/Documents/D/C/DC7055.html.

3. The Committee reaffirmed, as a premise, the importance of prolonging the …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 10, No. 8, September 30, 1998

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Faculty news

Publications

Graduate news

Travel

Museum news

Speakers: E. O. Wilson. October 13, 1998

Conferences

Calendar of events

Diversity And Dominant Species Of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) In Crop Rotation And Chemical Input Systems For The Northern Great Plains, Michael M. Ellsbury, Janine E. Powell, Frank Forcella, W, David Woodson, Sharon A. Clay, Walter E. Riedell

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Dominant carabid species present in crops and crop rotation sequences commonly used in the northern Great Plains were assessed as an initial step toward the management of carabids as natural control agents. Ground beetle populations were determined by pitfall trapping in 4 crop rotation treatments maintained under high, managed, and low levels of chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Diversity and species richness among crops, rotations, and input levels were compared using 3 indices—the Shannon-Weaver Index, relative diversity, and the Hierarchical Richness Index (HRI). Four carabid species, Cyclotrachelus altemans (Casey), Poecilvs lucublandus Say, Harpalns pensylvanicus (DeGeer), and Bembidion quadrimaculatum L., comprising …