Entomology Commons^™

Relative Safety Of Sprays Of Two Neem Insecticides To Diadegma Mollipla (Holmgren), A Parasitoid Of The Diamondback Moth: Effects On Adult Longevity And Foraging Behaviour, A. M. Akol, S. Sithanantham, P. G.N. Njagi, A. Varela, J. M. Mueke

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The non-target safety of two neem-based insecticides, Neemroc EC® (an oil formulation) and Neemros® (an oil-free powder formulation) to adults of Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), a larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was investigated in laboratory bioassays. The neem insecticides were compared against Karate® (a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide) and water as sprays. Karate® caused 100% mortality in treated wasps within 6 h, while the two neem insecticides did not cause any significant mortality. The mean longevity of wasps was not significantly affected by exposure to the two neem insecticides. The time allocation to different components of foraging behaviour …

Morphology Of The Minute Larva Of Ptinella Tenella, With Special Reference To Effects Of Miniaturisation And The Systematic Position Of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea), Vasily V. Grebennikov, Rolf G. Beutel

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

External and internal features of minute reared ex ovo larvae of Ptinella tenella Erichson with the head widths ranging from 108 to 138 μm are described. In total 139 setae (trichoid sensilla), 18 pores (non-trichoid sensilla), and 60 muscles were identified. The complexity of the chaetotaxy, the musculature of the head, the tentorium, and the digestive tract are not affected by the extremely small size of the larvae. Specific features, which may have resulted from miniaturisation are the elongate shape of the brain reaching the mesothorax posteriorly, the reduced condition of the thoracic sclerites and endosternites, the simplified musculature of …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 14, No. 5, October 2002

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

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High-Temperature Controlled Atmosphere For Post-Harvest Control Of Indian Meal Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Preserved Flowers, Jodi A. Sauer, Mark D. Shelton

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

High carbon dioxide atmospheres combined with high temperature were effective for controlling Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) pupae. Pupae were exposed to atmospheres of 60, 80, or 98% carbon dioxide (CO₂) in nitrogen (N₂), or 60 or 80% CO₂in air at temperatures of 26.7°C or 32.2°C and 60% RH. Controlled atmosphere treatments at 32.2°C controlled pupae faster than the same treatments at the lower temperature. At both temperatures high CO₂ concentration treatments combined with nitrogen killed pupae faster than high CO₂ concentration treatments combined with air. Exposure to 80% carbon dioxide …

Nebline, October 2002

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

West Nile Virus: How Much Should You Worry?
Perennials with Silver Foliage
Garden Cleanup
Storing Vegetables
House Plant Insect Problems
2002 October/November Garden Calendar
Horticulture information center
Migrating Mice
Wolf Spiders: Big, Hairy and Real Fast
Using Rodenticides in Outbuildings, Garages and Barns
Now is the Time to Utilize Fall Alfalfa
Effects of a Freeze on Forages
Latest U.S. Drought Monitor Map
Grain Stubble Rental Rates
Garden Season Draws to a Close
How to Collect and Handle a Water Sample
Selecting a Tractor for an Acreage
Reducing Mouse and Rabbit Damage
Mice Bait Stations
How America Cooks Pasta
Healthy Eating: …

The Development Of A Multipurpose Trap (The Nzi) For Tsetse And Other Biting Flies, S. Mihok

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

New trap designs for tsetse (Glossinidae), stable flies (Muscidae: Stomoxyinae), and horse flies (Tabanidae) were tested in Kenya to develop a multipurpose trap for biting flies. Many configurations and colour/fabric combinations were compared to a simplified, blue-black triangular trap to identify features of design and materials that result in equitable catches. New designs were tested against conventional traps, with a focus on Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti, Stomoxys niger Macquart, and Atylotus agrestis (Wiedemann). A simple design based on minimal blue and black rectangular panels, for attraction and contrast, with a trap body consisting of an innovative configuration …

Evaluation Of Buffalograss Germplasm For Resistance To Blissus Occiduus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), Tiffany Heng-Moss, Frederick P. Baxendale, Terrance P. Riordan, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Blissus occiduus Barber has emerged as an important insect pest of buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, in Nebraska. This research evaluated selected buffalograss germplasm for resistance to B. occiduus. Eleven buffalograss selections were screened for chinch bug resistance in three greenhouse studies and two field evaluations. Based on chinch bug damage, NE91-118, ‘Tatanka’, ‘Bonnie Brae’, and ‘Cody’ were rated highly to moderately resistant. These four buffalograsses exhibited minimal damage, even though all were heavily infested with chinch bugs. NE84-45-3 and ‘378’ were highly susceptible to B. occiduus. Field evaluations confirmed chinch bug resistance ratings under field conditions. NE91-118 …

Wolbachia Infection In Cotesia Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Causes Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Implications For Biological Control, Moses B. Mochiah, Adele J. Ngi-Song, William A. Overholt, Richard Stouthamer

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an indigenous, gregarious, larval endoparasitoid that attacks mid- to late-instar of the stem borer larvae. Although the parasitoid is distributed widely throughout Africa, not all local populations appear to be equally effective in controlling stem borers. Consequently, there is an interest in releasing the more effective strains in areas that already have very low populations of C. sesamiae. Some C. sesamiae populations are infected with bacterial symbionts in the genus Wolbachia, which may induce cytoplasmic incompatibility. Using an antibiotic treatment, we have established that the Wolbachia infection causes cytoplasmic incompatibility of the female mortality type …

Dynamic Change In Photosynthetic Pigments And Chlorophyll Degradation Elicited By Cereal Aphid Feeding, Xinzhi Ni, Sharron S. Quisenberry, Tiffany Heng-Moss, John P. Markwell, Leon G. Higley, Frederick P. Baxendale, Gautam Sarath, Robert Klucas

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The concentration of photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids) and chlorophyll degradation enzyme (i.e., chlorophyllase, oxidative bleaching, and Mg-dechelatase) activities on aphid-damaged and non-damaged regions of the infested leaves were determined with two infestation periods (6 and 12 days). Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] feeding caused significant losses of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in the damaged regions. However, bird cherry-oat aphid [Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] feeding did not, except a significantly lower level of carotenoids was observed in the damaged regions from the short-infestation (6-day) samples. Interestingly, the non-damaged …

A Review Of The Genus Hylamorpha Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina), Brett C. Ratcliffe, Federico Carlos Ocampo

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The southern Neotropical genus Hylamorpha (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina) is comprehensively reviewed. Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) is now the only species in the genus with H. cylindrica Arrow entered into new synonymy. Hylamorpha elegans var. australis Philippi is recognized as an unavailable name. Hylamorpha elegans is established as the type species for the genus, and a neotype for H. elegans is designated. Nomenclatural history, descriptions, illustrations, and commentary are included.

El género Hylamorpha (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina) del sur del Neotrópico es comprensivamente revisado. Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) es ahora la única especie del género, H. cylindrica Arrow pasa a sinonimia, y …

Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini), Andrew Smith

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the 17 taxa in the subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini) as a means of resolving classification conflicts and of identifying monophyletic groups. Results demonstrated that the subtribe is monophyletic and is composed of three monophyletic genera: Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville (nine species), Brachysternus Guérin-Méneville (seven species), and Hylamorpha Arrow (one species). Characters that define the genera are discussed, and the biogeography of the group is discussed.

The genus Aulacopalpus is revised and now includes A. aconcaguensis new species, A. castaneus (Laporte), A. ciliatus (Solier), A. clypealis Ohaus, A. pilicollis (Fairmaire), A. punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain), A. …

Larval Descriptions For The Neotropical Genus Platycoelia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini), Aura Paucar C., Andrew Smith

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The larvae of Platycoelia gaujoni Ohaus and Platycoelia lutescens Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) are described. These are the first descriptions of Neotropical Anoplognathini larvae. The character states shared by larval Platycoelia and two previously described Australian Anoplognathini larvae are examined. Character states that separate known Anoplognathini larvae from other Rutelinae tribes are also discussed.

Se describen las larvas de Platycoelia gaujoni Ohaus y Platycoelia lutescens Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). Esta es la primera descripcio´n de las larvas de Anoplognathini neotropicales. Se examinan los estados de los caracteres compartidos entre las larvas de Platycoelia y las larvas de dos especies australianas …

Revision Of The South American Genus Brachysternus Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina), Mary Liz Jameson, Andrew Smith

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The southern South American genus Brachysternus Guérin-Méneville is revised and now includes seven species: B. angustus (Philippi and Philippi), B. germaini (Ohaus) new combination, B. marginatus Germain, B. olivaceus Philippi and Philippi, B. patagoniensis Jameson and Smith new species, B. prasinus Guérin-Méneville, and B. spectabilis Erichson. The following species names are new synonyms of B. prasinus: B. vicinus Guérin-Méneville, B. sinuatifrons Germain, B. pubescens Germain, B. viridis Germain, B. dilatatus Germain, B. viridipes Ohaus, and B. hirtus Ohaus. The following species names are new synonyms of B. olivaceus: B. chloris Philippi and Philippi, B. riverae Germain, …

Review Of The Genus Palaeophileurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) With Description Of Two New Species From Peru, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The eight species in the genus Palaeophileurus are reviewed, including the description of two new species from Peru: P. carbo Ratcliffe and P. erebus Ratcliffe. The diagnostic male parameres for all species are illustrated, and a distribution map is provided.

Se revisan las ocho especies del género Palaeophileurus, y se incluye la descripción de dos nuevas especies de Perú: P. carbo Ratcliffe y P. erebus Ratcliffe. Se proveen ilustraciones diagnósticas de los parámeros de todas las especies, y una mapa de distribución.

Nebline, September 2002

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Food Safety at the Workplace: September is National Food Safety Education Month^SM
Test Your Refrigerator Food Safety Savvy Quiz
Storing Sweet Potatoes
Low Water Use Flowers for Your Landscape
2002 September/October Garden Calendar
Fall Rose Show
Horticulture information center
Protect Yourself from West Nile Virus by Controlling Mosquitoes
Recycle Used Oil!
Fall Cleaning?
Head Lice Videotape in English, Spanish and Arabic!
Basic Information about the 2002 Farm Bill
Wait to Use Fall Forage
Fall is a Good Time to Control Problem Weeds
Latest U.S. Drought Monitor Map
Organic Production
Let Popcorn Mature on the Stalk
Drying Gourds
Raising Ducks …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 14, No. 4, [August?] 2002

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

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Nebline, August 2002

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

4-H School Enrichment in Action!
NEP/4-H School Enrichment Participants Eat Healthier
A Community of Character!
Perennials with Colorful Foliage
An Easy Way to Dry Flowers
All America Rose Selections, All Time Classics
2002 August/September Garden Calendar
Stinging Wasps and Bees
Water Conservation Tips
Pesticides in Schools
Bat Sightings Increase in August
Is Fall or Spring Seeding of Alfalfa Best?
Farm Bill Informational Sessions Scheduled
Predicting the Last Irrigation
Deadline Approaches to Terminate Oral Farm Leases
Designing a Low Maintenance Landscape
Free Disease Testing for Backyard Poultry Flocks
New Pesticide Disposal Instructions
NU Landscape Connections: A Showcase Event
Other August/September UNL …

Ovicidal Activity Of Entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes To The Legume Pod Borer, Maruca Vitrata And The Pod Sucking Bug, Clavigralla Tomentosicollis, S. Ekesi, R. S. Adamu, N. K. Maniania

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The ovicidal activity of eight isolates of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes was evaluated in the laboratory against Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis. At a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia ml-1, four isolates (Beauveria bassiana CPD 3 and 10, and Metarhizium anisopliae CPD 5 and 12) were found to be highly pathogenic to eggs of M. vitrata, achieving 89-100% mortality. At a given concentration, three isolates (B. bassiana CPD 9 and M. anisopliae CPD 5 and 12) were highly pathogenic to eggs of C. tomentosicollis, achieving 91-94% mortality. These isolates also caused high larval and nymphal mortality (94-100% in M. vitrata and …

Repellency Of Live Potted Plants Against Anopheles Gambiae From Human Baits In Semi-Field Experimental Huts, Aklilu Seyoum, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Wilber Lwande, Gerry F. Killeen, Ahmed Hassanali, Bart G.J. Knols

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The repellency of potted plants against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles was quantified in experimental huts under semi-field conditions inside a screen-walled greenhouse. Ocimum americanum Linnaeus (Labiatae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), and Lippia uckambensis Spreng (Verbenaceae) repelled at an average of 39.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 29.6-48.4%), 32.4% (95% CI = 19.7-43.1%), and 33.3% (95% CI = 21.5-43.3%) of the mosquitoes, respectively (P < 0.0001 for all treatments). This was determined by logistic regression, allowing for variations associated with different bait hosts, sampling huts, and replicate test nights. In contrast, Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (Labiatae), Ocimum suave Willd. (Labiatae), Corymbia citriodora Hook (Myrtaceae), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), and Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (Lamiaceae) did not significantly repel mosquitoes. The combination of O. americanum with either L. camara or L. uckambensis repelled 31.6% (95% CI = 19.7-41.7%) and 45.2% (95% CI = 34.7-54.0%) of the mosquitoes, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both treatments). This study is the first to show that live intact plants can reduce domestic exposure to malaria vector mosquitoes. As such, they may represent a new, sustainable and readily applicable malaria vector control tool for incorporation into integrated vector management programs.

Eicosanoids Mediate Manduca Sexta Cellular Response To The Fungal Pathogen Beauveria Bassiana: A Role For The Lipoxygenase Pathway, Jeffrey C. Lord, Sheri Anderson, David W. Stanley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Many studies have documented the involvement of eicosanoids in insect cellular immune responses to bacteria. The use of the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana as a nodulation elicitor, with inhibition of phospholipase A2 by dexamethasone, extends the principle to fungi. This study also provides the first evidence of involvement of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway rather than the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in synthesis of the nodulation mediating eicosanoid(s). The LOX product, 5(S)- hydroperoxyeicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), substantially reversed nodulation inhibition caused by dexamethasone and the LOX inhibitors, caffeic acid and esculetin. The COX product, prostaglandin H₂ (PGH₂), did not reverse …

Nebline, July 2002

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

2002 Lancaster County Fair
Blue Flowers for the Garden
Lawn Care Tips Save Water During Drought
Fall Webworm
2002 July/August Garden Calendar
“Itchy Chiggers”
Mosquito Prevention and Control
What’s the Scoop on Insect Repellents?
Changes in the Nebraska Pesticide Act May Affect Termiticide Applications
Preparing Bins, Equipment for Harvest
Soybeans American Style: Using Innovation & Experience to Increase Profitability
Pesticide Container Recycling
Plant Turnips for Fall Grazing
Safety and Risk Management in Agricultural Tourism
Caring for Animals When Gone
State’s Rural Population is Growing
July/August UNL Programs and Events of Interest
Packing Your Lunch Can Save You More Than Money …

In Vivo And In Vitro Metabolism Of Fi Pronil By Larvae Of The European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis, Eric W. Durham, Blair D. Siegfried, Michael E. Scharf

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of [₁₄C]fi pronil was examined in a susceptible European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hübner) laboratory strain. [₁₄C]Fipronil penetrated the larval integument slowly, with 71.5% of the applied radioactivity recovered from surface rinses 24 h after topical application. Despite this slow penetration, radioactivity was detected in both the excrement and internal organo-soluble fractions. Radioactivity in the internal aqueous fraction and tissue pellet accounted for less than 0.8% of total radioactivity. The in vivo studies suggest that fipronil oxidation to its sulfone metabolite is the major route of metabolic conversion. …

Visual Evaluation And Recognition Of Hosts By The Tick Parasitoid, Ixodiphagus Hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), F. A. Demas, E. N. Mwangi, A. Hassanali, E. C. Kunjeku, A. R. Mabveni

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The role of host size, movement, feeding status, color, and species in the visual host evaluation and recognition behavior of the tick parasitoid, Ixodiphagus hookeri Howard was investigated. Freshly emerged female parasitoids were subjected to a choice bioassay, where the test materials were placed in sealed vials and the vials placed in a Petri dish. When presented with A. variegatum live and mummified nymphs, females examined: larger nymphs significantly longer than smaller nymphs, fed nymphs significantly longer than unfed nymphs, dead and live nymphs for similar lengths of time, and grey live nymphs and yellow-brown and dark brown mummified nymphs …

Extent Of Digestion Affects The Success Of Amplifying Human Dna From Blood Meals Of Anopheles Gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), W. R. Mukabana, W. Takken, P. Seda, G. F. Killeen, W. A. Hawley, B. G.J. Knols

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The success of distinguishing blood meal sources of Anopheles gambiae Giles through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at the TC-11 and VWA human short tandem repeats (STR) loci. Blood meal size and locus had no significant effect on the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals digested for 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h (P = 0.85 and 0.26 respectively). However, logistic regression found a significant negative relationship between time since ingestion and the success probability of obtaining positive PCR products among meals digested for between 8 and 32 h (P …

Cryopreservation Of New World Screwworm Embryos, Dennis Berkebile, Roger Leopold, Jan Chirico, Wen Wang

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The following interpretive summary refers to an oral presentation given at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Livestock Insect's Workers Conference. The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) has been successfully eradicated from the United States, Mexico and Central America. The program involves monitoring infestations and the mass rearing and release of sterile screwworms. In order for the program to be successful, research must be conducted to make the identification and rearing of the insect more efficient. Methods have been developed to distinguish the screwworm from other fly larvae that may be found in animal wounds using Polymerase Chain Reaction …

Transposable Element-Mediated Transgenic Insects In The Screwworm Program, Margaret Allen, Alfred Handler, Dennis Berkebile, Steven Skoda, Philip Scholl

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The following interpretive summary refers to an oral presentation given at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Livestock Insect Worker's Conference. Transposable element (TE)-mediated transformation of non-drosophilid insects is becoming a viable and robust gene introduction method for many insects of economic and medical importance. Transformation may be used for gene identification and characterization, and for creating strains with genes encoding lethality or sterility. This technology now has been adapted for and applied to the primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Using a piggyBac TE system, a green fluorescent marker gene has been introduced to the germ line of a laboratory …

Pterourus Appalachiensis (Papilionidae: Papilioninae), A New Swallowtail Butterfly From The Appalachian Region Of The United States, Harry Pavulaan, David M. Wright

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

A new univoltine species of Tiger Swallowtail, Pterourus appalachiensis, is described from the southern Appalachian Mountain region of the eastern United States. This distinct swallowtail has remained unrecognized by lepidopterists since the description of its sympatric congener Pterourus glaucus (Linnaeus) in 1758. Historical accounts of Tiger Swallowtails from this region pertain specifically to glaucus and cannot be attributed to this new species. Morphology, voltinism, phenology, distribution, and behavioral traits indicate species level status of appalachiensis. Although appalachiensis shares several phenotypic characters with the recently elevated species canadensis (Rothschild & Jordan), preliminary mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that appalachiensis is …

Insects And The Native Vegetation Of Nebraska, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Paul C. Hammond

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The principal plant biomes in Nebraska are briefly reviewed. The relationships of insects, particularly scarab beetles and butterflies, to these biomes are discussed, especially as it relates to their distributions. Human-induced alteration of habitat has significantly influenced the present distributions of both plants and insects relative to their historical distributions at the time of Euro-american colonization of Nebraska in the mid-1800s. Examples of range expansion or contraction are presented for exemplar taxa of scarab beetles and butterflies

Case 3237: Leucopelaea Albescens Bates, 1891 (Insecta, Coleoptera): Proposed Validation Of The Lectotype Designation, Andrew Smith

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

The purpose of this application is to validate the lectotype designation of Leucopelaea albescens Bates, 1891 under Article 86.1.2 of the Code. The nominal species has very recently been considered a junior synonym of Platycoelia lutescens Blanchard, 1851, the name for a scarab beetle (family SCARABAEIDAE) from the Andes in Ecuador, Peru and southern Colombia. The lectotype designation was made under the provisions of the third (1985) edition of the Code in a paper that was accepted for publication in November 1999. However, the paper was not published until May 2000, after the fourth (1999) edition of the Code had …

Review Of Entomology & Pest Management, By Larry P. Pedigo, 4th Edition, Mark D. Shelton

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

Review of Entomology & Pest Management by Larry P. Pedigo, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 2002, 742 pp., Hardbound. $78.75.