Entomology Commons^™

Nebline, January 2006

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

30 MyPyramid Steps to a Healthier You
Guide to Growing Amaryllis
Winter Care of Houseplants
Managing Dust Mites
Urban Pest Management Conference
You Caught Your Mouse — How About Cleanup?
Beginning Beekeeping 2-Day Workshop
Private Pesticide Applicator Certification
Is Burning Wood an Economically Feasible Option?
Crop Protection Clinic, Jan. 23
Acreage-Tough Plants
The Physical Resources of the Acreage—Part 1
Upcoming Acreage Insights Clinics
Meet the Grain Group
Mock Frozen “Peach” Daiquiri Recipe
Sit Less, Move More!
Low-Cost Indoor Avenues to Fitness
Home Energy Checkup
Household Hints: Cleaning silver by electrolysis
President’s Notes — Janet’s Jargon
FCE News & Events
Rokeby …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Scarab Family Hybosoridae And Monographic Revision Of The New World Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Federico C. Ocampo

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

1. Introduction to the Scarab Family Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo.

2. Molecular Phylogenetics and Systematic Placement of the Family Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo and David C. Hawks.

3. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Federico C. Ocampo.

4. Catalog of the Subfamilies Anaidinae, Ceratocanthinae, Hybosorinae, Liparochrinae, and Pachyplectrinae (Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae). Federico C. Ocampo and Alberto Ballerio.

Abstract. Phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revisions were conducted on the scarabaeoid family Hybosoridae. Two new subfamilies of Hybosoridae are described, Liparochrinae and Pachyplectrinae. Phylogenetic analysis and a systematic revision of the New World subfamily Anaidinae are provided. The …

Tapeworms Of Elasmobranchs (Part Ii) A Monograph On The Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda), Gaines Albert Tyler Ii

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

The main objective of this monograph was a synthesis of the available knowledge on the diversity, systematics, host associations, and biogeography of the Diphyllidea. A thorough review of the literature resulted in the transfer of Diagonobothrium into Diphyllidea as a genus inquirendum. The genus Yogeshwaria was also transferred to Diphyllidea as a synonym of Echinobothrium. Its only species, E. nagabhushani n. comb., is considered to be a species inquirenda. New collections resulted in the description of a new species of Echinobothrium. Type and/or voucher specimens for 32 of 36 valid diphyllidean species (including the new species) …

Genetic Analysis Of Resistance To European Corn Borer (Ostrinia Nubllalls Hub. Lepidoptera:Crambidae) Damage In Eight Maize Germplasm, Cengis Ikten, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The inheritance of resistance to Oslrinia nubilalis (ECB) damage in eight breeding maize lines was studied by Griffing's diallel analysis (Griffing 1956) under two water regimes. One hundred fifty neonate larvae of second generation of ECB were infested around ear node of maize germplasm and approximately two months later, the potentials of the germplasm were determined by measuring stalk and shank tunneling damage in plants. General combining ability (GCA) was more important than specific combining ability (SCA) in determining resistance to both stalk and shank tunneling. Although mean squares for GCA accounted for 76.1% of the variation for stalk tunneling …

Cowpea Weevil Flights To A Point Source Of Female Sex Pheromone: Analyses Of Flight Tracks At Three Wind Speeds, L. P. S. Kuenen, H. C. Rowe

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two-day-old male cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus, fly upwind to a point source of female sex pheromone at three wind speeds. All beetles initiating flight along the pheromone plume make contact with the pheromone source. Analysis of digitized flight tracks indicates that C. maculatus males respond similarly to moths tested at several wind speeds. Beetles’ mean net upwind speeds and speeds along their track are similar (P > 0.05) across wind speeds, whereas airspeeds increase (P < 0.01) with increasing wind speed. Beetles adjust their course angles to fly more directly upwind in higher wind speeds, whereas track angles are almost identical at each wind speed. The zigzag flight paths are generally narrow compared with most moth flight tracks and interturn distances are similar (P > 0.05) at the wind speeds employed. The frequency of these counterturns across the wind line is almost constant regardless of wind speed, and there is …

Olfactory Cues And Nest Recognition In The Solitary Bee Osmia Lignaria, Christelle Guedot, Theresa Pitts-Singer, James Buckner, Jordi Bosch, William Kemp

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The use of olfactory cues for nest recognition by the solitary bee Osmia lignaria is studied in a greenhouse environment. Glass tubes are provided as nesting cavities to allow the in-nest behavior of bees to be observed. In addition, each glass tube is cut into three sections for experimental manipulation and for subsequent chemical analysis. Nesting females drag their abdomen along the tube before exiting, spiral inside the tube, and sometimes deposit fluid droplets from the tip of the abdomen. For the manipulation, the outer section, the middle section, or both sections are removed and replaced with similar clean glass …

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Insect Herbivory On Physiological And Biochemical (Oxidative Enzyme) Responses Of The Halophyte Atriplex Subspicata (Chenopodiaceae), P. D. Nabity, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Leon G. Higley

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Physiological responses of the halophyte, Atriplex subspicata Nutt. Rydb., to defoliation injury were evaluated through a series of experiments measuring plant gas exchange, fluorometry, and enzyme activity. Leaves exposed to simulated insect herbivory exhibited reductions in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Carboxylation efficiency, maximum assimilation, and CO₂ compensation were also negatively associated with mechanical leaf injury. Insect injury by a herbivore generalist, Spilosoma virginica, also reduced photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency within the saturated spectrum of A/C_i response curves. Initially, declines in photosynthesis occurred because of transient stomatal limitations. However, after time, mesophyll limitations impaired photosynthesis and the …

Spatiotemporal Patterns Of Host-Seeking Ixodes Scapularis Nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) In The United States, M. A. Diuk-Wasser, A. G. Gatewood, M. Roberto Cortinas, S. Yaremych-Hamer, J. Tsao, Uriel Kitron, G. Hickling, J. S. Brownstein, E. Walker, J. Piesman, D. Fish

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The risk of Lyme disease for humans in the eastern United States is dependent on the density of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis Say nymphal stage ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Although many local and regional studies have estimated Lyme disease risk using these parameters, this is the first large-scale study using a standardized methodology. Density of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs was measured by drag sampling of closed canopy deciduous forest habitats in 95 locations spaced among 2° quadrants covering the entire United States east of the 100th meridian. Sampling was done in five standardized transects at each site and repeated …

Key To Selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) Larvae Intercepted At U.S. Ports Of Entry: Revision Of Pyraloidea In Keys To Some Frequently Intercepted Lepidopterous Larvae By Weisman 1986, M. Alma Solis

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

A key to frequently intercepted lepidopterous larvae, designed for the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS) identifiers at US ports, was last revised in 1986. Since then many changes have occurred in the classification, nomenclature, and the nature of commodities being imported into the US. In this revision of the section on Pyraloidea, species recently intercepted are included, the most recent generic combinations are used, and families and subfamilies are now included in the key. Distributions are updated, stating if the species occurs in Hawaii or restricted areas of the continental United States. …

Discovery Of A New Species Of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Donald M. Anderson, Boris A. Korotyaev, Steven W. Lingafelter

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Smicronyx obrieni Anderson, Korotyaev, and Lingafelter, a new species associated with ragweed [Ambrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners], was discovered in Krasnodar (Russia) and Texas (United States), and is described.

Review Of Lady Beetles In The Cycloneda Germainii Species Complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini) With Descriptions Of New And Unusual Species From Chile And Surrounding Countries, Guillermo González, Natalia J. Vandenberg

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii (Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brèthes), C. boliviana (Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa González & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & González, n. sp., and C. patagonica González & Vandenberg, n. sp. Cycloneda duplaris (Berg) and Arrowella albilacus Brèthes, previously synonymized with C. areata Mulsant, are placed as new synonyms of C. germainii; C. boliviana is removed from synonymy with C. areata and reinstated as a full species; C. sicardi (Brèthes) is recognized as the valid replacement …

Taygete Sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Autostichidae): Redescription Of The Adult, Description Of The Larva And Pupa, And Impact On Polistes Wasps (Hymenoptera; Vespidae) Nests In The Galapagos Islands, Bernard Landry, David Adamski, Patrick Schmitz, Christine Parent, Lazaro Roque-Albelo

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Taygete sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Autostichidae) is reported on the Galapagos Islands. The morphology of the moth, larva, and pupa are described and illustrated in details. Part of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced and made available on GenBank. The incidence of predation by T. sphecophila on nests of Polistes versicolor Olivier (Hymenoptera; Vespidae) was measured in four different vegetation zones of Floreana and Santa Cruz Islands. The percentages of infested nests varied greatly (from 13.9% to 66.7% on Floreana and from 20.0 to 100% on Santa Cruz) and no clear ecological trends could be ascertained.

Tick Pheromones And Their Use In Tick Control, Daniel E. Sonenshine

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tick pheromones that regulate assembly, attraction/aggregation/attachment, and mating behavior have been described. Most of the compounds regulating these behaviors are purines, substituted phenols, or cholesteryl esters. Other pheromonal compounds include organic acids, hematin, or ecdysteroids. Novel devices have been developed that combine the specific compounds comprising these pheromones with an acaricide. When applied to tick-infested vegetation or directly to the body surfaces of livestock or companion animals, these devices are effective for tick control. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of tick pheromones. In addition, this review also presents examples illustrating how devices using tick pheromones can offer …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 7 2006, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Molecular Characterization Of A Tsetse Fly Midgut Proteolytic Lectin That Mediates Differentiation Of African Trypanosomes, Laila U. Abubakar, Wallace D. Bulimo, Francis J. Mulaa, Ellie O. Osir

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Differentiation of bloodstream-form trypanosomes into procyclic (midgut) forms is an important first step in the establishment of an infection within the tsetse fly. This complex process is mediated by a wide variety of factors, including those associated with the vector itself, the trypanosomes and the bloodmeal. As part of an on-going project in our laboratory, we recently isolated and characterized a bloodmeal-induced molecule with both lectin and trypsin activities from midguts of the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis [Osir, E.O., Abubakar, L., Imbuga, M.O., 1995. Purification and characterization of a midgut lectin-trypsin complex from the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis. Parasitol. Res. …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Interactions Between Formosan Subterranean Termites, Brown Rot Fungus (Gloeophyllum Trabeum) And Some Of The Fungi Present On The Termite Integument And Gut, Poornima Jayasimha

LSU Master's Theses

Although the brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.:Fr.) Murrill, has been shown to be attractive and beneficial to subterranean termites, including Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, to date no research has been conducted to determine if the association is mutualistic. We first set out to determine if the fungus could be spread by termites. This would represent an obvious benefit to the fungus. We found that C. formosanus does not spread G. trabeum. Unexpectedly, Formosan subterranean termites were found to suppress the growth of G. trabeum. To further investigate this finding, Formosan subterranean termite workers were released into Petri dishes with wood …

Scorpions’ Bad Rap Dates To Prehistoric Times, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Tanja Mckay

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Seasonality And Adult Habitat Use By Four Diabrotica Species At Prairie–Corn Interfaces, Laura A. Campbell, Lance J. Meinke

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although Diabrotica pest species have been well studied in field corn, Zea mays L., relatively little is known about adult habitat use by pest and nonpest species at prairie-corn interfaces. Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare seasonal patterns of beetles of four Diabrotica species and their use of remnant prairie and adjacent field corn habitats in southeastern Nebraska. The study was conducted at five sites in 2001 and continued at three sites in 2002. The Diabrotica species included D. barberi Smith and Lawrence, D. cristata (Harris), D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, and D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Cucurbitacin vial …

Absence Of Genetic Divergence Between Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Resistant And Susceptible To Control By Crop Rotation, Nicholas Miller, K. S. Kim, S. T. Ratcliffe, A. Estoup, T. Guillemaud

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn, Zea mays L., in North America that has recently invaded Europe. A loss of ovipositional fidelity to cornfields has allowed the species to circumvent crop rotation as a means of control in part of its range in the United States. Analyses of variation at eight microsatellite loci provided no evidence for general genetic differentiation between samples of western corn rootworm collected in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields and those collected in cornfields both inside and outside the rotation-resistance problem area. This result suggests …

Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior On Transgenic Maize (Mon 863) And Its Isoline, Pete L. Clark, Ty T. Vaughn, Lance J. Meinke, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Diabrotica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval behavior studies have posed a challenge to researchers because of the subterranean life cycle of this pest. To fully understand how the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, injures the maize, Zea mays L., root system, its behavior must be studied. For example, larvae that can detect an area of the root that has a lower amount of toxin, whether from an insecticide or a transgenic maize plant, have an increased chance of survival. This study assessed D. v. virgifera larval feeding behavior on rootworm-susceptible maize and maize containing a biotechnology-derived trait (MON863) with …

Australian Plague Locust (Chortoicetes Terminifera), Department Of Agriculture And Food, Wa

Bulletins 4000 -

The Australian plague locust (APL) is the most economically important grasshopper in Australia. The immature hopper stage damages mainly pastures in farming areas, and gardens and lawns in domestic areas. They tend to avoid established green crops, although the edges of crops can be damaged. Adult locusts can form swarms and fly into other areas, damaging pastures, ripening cereal, lupin and pulse crops, grapevines, fruit trees and native tree seedlings. If crops have completely dried off before locusts begin flying, the possibility of damage is considerably less.

Analyses Of Cry1ab Binding In Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of The European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Herbert A. A. Siqueira, Joel Gonzalez-Cabrera, Juan Ferre, Ronald Flannagan, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Cry1Ab toxin binding analysis was performed to determine whether resistance in laboratory-selected Ostrinia nubilalis strains is associated with target site alteration. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars of susceptible and resistant strains (Europe-R and RSTT) of O. nubilalis. Immunoblot analysis indicated that three different proteins bound to Cry1Ab toxin and were recognized by an anticadherin serum. In a comparison of resistant and susceptible strains, reduced Cry1Ab binding was apparent for all three bands corresponding to cadherin-like proteins in the Europe-R strain, while reduced binding was apparent in only one band for the RSTT …

An Update On The Distribution And Diversity Of Bombus In Nebraska (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Douglas A. Golick, Marion D. Ellis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

From 1999–2002, the University of Nebraska Department of Entomology, Folsom’s Children Zoo, and Lincoln Public Schools Science Focus High School initiated a program called Bumble Boosters. Forty schools participated to conduct a general survey of Nebraska bumble bees to: 1) determine whether the 20 species of bumble bees previously identified can still be found in Nebraska, 2) collect in areas that were not included in previous surveys, and 3) discover any additional species in the state. This study provides an update to previous surveys including; new distribution maps for species, and a discussion of findings.

Genetic And Morphological Comparisons Of New And Old World Populations Of Spalangia Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), David B. Taylor, Roger Moon, Gary Gibson, Allen L. Szalanski

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The genetic similarity of New and Old World samples of Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was examined using two ribosomalDNAregions. The species examined were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Bouček, Spalangia nigra Latreille, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Spalangia slovaca Bouček. Two species of Muscidifurax, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were included as outgroup taxa. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region was highly variable among Spalangia species with many insertions/deletions making alignment of the sequences difÞcult. The D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene and the nuclear rDNA 18s gene were …

Long-Term Reduction Of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection In Sylvatic Mammals Following Deforestation And Sustained Vector Surveillance In Northwestern Argentina, L. A. Ceballos, M. V. Cardinal, G. M. Vazquez-Prokopec, M. A. Lauricella, M. M. Orozco, M. Roberto Cortinas, A. G. Schijman, M. J. Levin, Uriel Kitron, R. E. Gürtlera

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Long-term variations in the dynamics and intensity of sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi were investigated around eight rural villages in the semiarid Argentine Chaco in 2002–2004 and compared to data collected locally in 1984–1991. Of 501 wild mammals from 13 identified species examined by xenodiagnosis, only 3 (7.9%) of 38 Didelphis albiventris opossums and 1 (1.1%) of 91 Conepatus chinga skunks were infected by T. cruzi. The period prevalence in opossums was fourfold lower in 2002–2004 than in 1984–1991 (32–36%). The infection prevalence of skunks also decreased five-fold from 4.1–5.6% in 1984–1991 to 1.1% in 2002–2004. Infection in opossums increased …

Effects Of Temperature On Development Of Phormia Regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Use Of Developmental Data In Determining Time Intervals In Forensic Entomology, P. D. Nabity, Leon G. Higley, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Precise developmental data for forensic indicator blow fly species are essential for accuracy in the estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Why, then, does the determination of the PMI result in conflicting time frames when published conspecific developmental data are used? To answer this question, we conducted constant temperature trials between the developmental minimum temperature and upper threshold temperatures (8-32 degrees C) on the forensically important blow fly species Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Flies were reared using two designs to quantify sources of variation. We measured rearing container temperatures and internal growth chamber temperatures by using thermocouples to accurately …

Oil-Soluble Dyes For Marking Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Elis Christine Vilarinho, Odair Aparecido Fernandes, Celso Omoto, Thomas E. Hunt

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although various biological aspects of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) have been examined, adult movement and dispersal of this insect pest is not well understood. Release-recapture techniques by using marked insects is a useful approach for dispersal studies; however, the marking technique should not significantly affect insect biology or behavior. Therefore, the effect of different concentrations of oil-soluble dyes (Solvent Blue 35 [C.I. 61554], Sudan Red 7B [C.I. 26050], Sudan Black B [26150], Sudan Orange G [C.I. 11920], and Sudan I 103624 [C.I. 12055]) on development, mortality, and fecundity of S. frugiperda was evaluated. Dyes were added to artificial …