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Articles 4111 - 4140 of 11462

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Monoterpenes Of Jack Pine Seedlings And Weight Gain Of Jack Pine Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Deborah G. Mccullough, Paul D. Swedenborg, Herbert M. Kulman Dec 2017

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Monoterpenes Of Jack Pine Seedlings And Weight Gain Of Jack Pine Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Deborah G. Mccullough, Paul D. Swedenborg, Herbert M. Kulman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Nine-month old jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under four nitrogen fertilization regimes. Levels of total nitrogen and five monoterpenes in new foliage were measured. Fertilization resulted in four significantly different levels of foliar nitrogen; means ranged from 1.8-4.5 percent dry weight. Contrary to predictions of resource availability theory, seedlings grown under the highest fertilization regime had higher foliar monoterpene levels than seedlings in the other treatments. Newly molted, sixth-instar female jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) larvae were allowed to feed for four days on new foliage of the seedlings. …

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Dytiscidae And Noteridae Of Wisconsin (Coleoptera). Iii. Distribution, Habitat, Life Cycle, And Identification Of Species Of Colymbetinae, Except Agabini, William L. Hilsenhoff Dec 2017

Dytiscidae And Noteridae Of Wisconsin (Coleoptera). Iii. Distribution, Habitat, Life Cycle, And Identification Of Species Of Colymbetinae, Except Agabini, William L. Hilsenhoff

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Nineteen species of Colymbetinae, excluding Agabini, were collected in Wisconsin over the past 30 years. Included are three species of Colymbetes, two species of Copelatus, three species of Coptotomus, two species of Matus, two species of Neoscutopterus, and seven species of Rhantus. Species keys are provided for adults, but larvae are poorly known and species keys are provided only for larvae of Matus and Neoscutopterus. Information on distribution and abundance in Wisconsin, habitat, life cycle, and identification is provided for each species based on a study of 9,857 adults and 834 larvae. Most …

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Solvent Deactivation Of Mimosa Webworm Larval Webbing (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Robert C. North, Elwood R. Hart, Lu Mingxian Dec 2017

Solvent Deactivation Of Mimosa Webworm Larval Webbing (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Robert C. North, Elwood R. Hart, Lu Mingxian

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Untreated larval webbing of the mimosa webworm, Homadaula anisocentra stimulated oviposition. Six-week-old webbing was as active as two-day-old webbing. Stimulatory activity of webbing was lost after rinsing with highly polar solvents, but not after rinsing with nonpolar solvents. Addition of the polar solvent rinses did not induce activity in other substrates nor restore activity to rinsed webbing. No differences in structure were found in a scanning electron microscope examination of unrinsed webbing and webbing rinsed with solvents of varying polarity.

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Seasonal Abundance And Species Diversity Of Adult Tabanidae (Diptera) At Lake Lansing Park-North, Michigan, Jeffrey D. Strickler, Edward D. Walker Dec 2017

Seasonal Abundance And Species Diversity Of Adult Tabanidae (Diptera) At Lake Lansing Park-North, Michigan, Jeffrey D. Strickler, Edward D. Walker

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A two year study was undertaken to determine the seasonal abundance and diversity of adult deer flies and horse flies, to compare two methods of sampling (Malaise trap and sweep net), and to estimate attack rates by tabanids on people at Lake Lansing Park-North, Ingham County, Michigan, in 1990 and 1991. Tabanids were sampled using dry ice-baited Malaise traps, and by making over- head sweeps with a standard insect net while hiking a trail. Hybomitra spp. (299 individuals of 9 species) peaked in abundance in mid-May to early June in both years. Chrysops spp. (11,675 individuals of 14 species) and …

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Seasonal Flight Patterns Of Miridae (Hemiptera) In A Southern Illinois Black Walnut Plantation, J. E. Mcpherson, B. C. Weber, T. J. Henry Dec 2017

Seasonal Flight Patterns Of Miridae (Hemiptera) In A Southern Illinois Black Walnut Plantation, J. E. Mcpherson, B. C. Weber, T. J. Henry

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The seasonal flight patterns of 92 species of Miridae collected in window traps in a southern Illinois black walnut plantation are compared with similar data from a North Carolina black walnut plantation. Flying height distributions and seasonal flight activities of Amblytylus nasutus, Deraeocoris nebulosus, Leptopterna dolabrata, Lopidea heidemanni, Lygus lineolaris, and Plagiognathus politus are considered in detail. Six species are newly recorded for Illinois.

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Absence Of Behavioral Induction In Oviposition Preference Of Papilio Glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), J Mark Scriber Dec 2017

Absence Of Behavioral Induction In Oviposition Preference Of Papilio Glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), J Mark Scriber

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This study addressed the possible behaviora induction effects of previous exposure to several specific host plants on subsequent host "preference hierarchy" and "specificity" (i.e .. how far down the ranking order a female will go) the most polyphagous swallowtail butterfly in the world, Papilio glaucus (Papilionidae). Multi-choice preference bioassays using individual females in revolving arenas were used to assess one of the potentially most significant non-genetic sources of variation: learned (or induced) oviposition preferences. Results of the 4-choice studies using tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera; Magnoliaceae), black cherry (Prunus serotina; Rosaceae), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides; …

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Advanced Biotechnology Tools For Invasive Species Management, Invasive Species Advisory Committee Dec 2017

Advanced Biotechnology Tools For Invasive Species Management, Invasive Species Advisory Committee

National Invasive Species Council

Increasingly, genetic tools are being used to detect and solve pressing environmental, social, and health-related challenges. It is clear that investments in technology innovation can be game changing, as advances in biotechnology may provide new methods to protect the nation’s resources from the negative impacts of invasive species. The current toolbox of management options is recognizably insufficient to deal with many of the high-impact species that have been introduced. However, “surrendering” to these species is generally not a viable option from ecological, health, economic, socio-cultural, or political perspectives. Cost-efficient solutions to these “grand invasive species challenges” need to be found. …

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Enhancing Federal-Tribal Coordination Of Invasive Species, Blaine Parker, Chuck Bargeron, Sean Southey, Lori Buchanan, Miles Falck, Chris Fisher, Joe Maroney, Mervin Wright, Gintas Zavadkas Dec 2017

Enhancing Federal-Tribal Coordination Of Invasive Species, Blaine Parker, Chuck Bargeron, Sean Southey, Lori Buchanan, Miles Falck, Chris Fisher, Joe Maroney, Mervin Wright, Gintas Zavadkas

National Invasive Species Council

Invasive species are defined by the United States government to mean “with regard to a particular ecosystem, a non-native organism whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm, or harm to human, animal, or plant health” (Executive Order [EO] 13751). The ecosystems to which invasive species are introduced or spread are not delimited by jurisdictional boundaries; they intersect with lands managed by federal, tribal, state, territorial, and county governments, as well as properties under private ownership. For this reason, effective coordination and cooperation across jurisdictions is of paramount importance in the prevention, eradication, and control of …

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Comparative Analysis Of Double-Stranded Rna Degradation And Processing In Insects, Indrakant K. Singh, Satnam Singh, Kanakachari Mogilicherla, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Subba R. Palli Dec 2017

Comparative Analysis Of Double-Stranded Rna Degradation And Processing In Insects, Indrakant K. Singh, Satnam Singh, Kanakachari Mogilicherla, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Subba R. Palli

Entomology Faculty Publications

RNA interference (RNAi) based methods are being developed for pest management. A few products for control of coleopteran pests are expected to be commercialized soon. However, variability in RNAi efficiency among insects is preventing the widespread use of this technology. In this study, we conducted research to identify reasons for variability in RNAi efficiency among thirty-seven (37) insects belonging to five orders. Studies on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation by dsRNases and processing of labeled dsRNA to siRNA showed that both dsRNA degradation and processing are variable among insects belonging to different orders as well as among different insect species within …

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Use Of Communal Nest Entrances By Osmia Simillima (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Virginia Scott Dec 2017

Use Of Communal Nest Entrances By Osmia Simillima (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Virginia Scott

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Six Osmia simillima females used communal nest entrances to gain access to their nests in a piece of buried wood. Some nest characteristics are described.

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New Prey Families For Crabro Advena (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), Frank E. Kurczewski Dec 2017

New Prey Families For Crabro Advena (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), Frank E. Kurczewski

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Three new prey families of adult Diptera are presented for Crabro advena, bringing to 14 the total number of fly families captured by this euryphagous wasp. The variety of prey flies used as provisions by this species is probably related to its varied nesting habitat.

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Resistance Stability Of The Secondary Tiller Of 'Caldwell' Wheat After The Primary Culm Was Infested With Virulent Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae, Stanley G. Wellso, Jaime E. Araya Dec 2017

Resistance Stability Of The Secondary Tiller Of 'Caldwell' Wheat After The Primary Culm Was Infested With Virulent Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae, Stanley G. Wellso, Jaime E. Araya

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Secondary tiller resistance of 'Caldwell' wheat, Triticum aestivum, with the H6 gene for larval resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, was maintained, after the primary culm had been previously infested with virulent larvae. Earlier studies showed that a primary culm infested initially with a virulent larva allowed subsequent normally avirulent larvae to survive on that cultivar; however, in our study the resistance of secondary tillers was mainained even though the primary culm was infested earlier with virulent Hessian fly larvae. This gene stability for resistance is important for optimizing wheat yield of those cultivars that possess genes resistant to …

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Field Investigations On The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis, In Northwest Ohio (Acari: Ixodidae), Kelly M. Micher, C. Lee Rockett Dec 2017

Field Investigations On The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis, In Northwest Ohio (Acari: Ixodidae), Kelly M. Micher, C. Lee Rockett

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Ecological investigations on the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, were conducted in two metroparks located in Lucas County, Ohio. Adult tick surveys were conducted in 1989 and 1990. For both years, adult tick activity began in late April, and adult ticks were most abundant from early May to mid-June. Observed activity had ceased by early August, producing a unimodal pattern of activity. Sunny days with temperatures between 24 ° and 32°C were most conducive to adult tick activity, and adult ticks were most abundant on grass trails and in meadows. Using nest boxes inhabited by white-footed mice, immature tick …

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Microctonus Pachylobii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): New Host Record From Hylobius Radicis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), And Additional Notes On Its Biology, George D. Hoffman, Kenneth F. Raffa Dec 2017

Microctonus Pachylobii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): New Host Record From Hylobius Radicis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), And Additional Notes On Its Biology, George D. Hoffman, Kenneth F. Raffa

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The endoparasite Microctonus pachylobii was discovered parasitizing a new weevil host, Hylobius radicis. Thirteen of the 154 H. radicis adults collected were parasitized (8.5%). The median numbers of parasites per weevil were 26 (x =22.5) during the period April through June, and 4 (x =9.4) during August and September. The median male:female sex ratio was 0.91 (x =0.65). Males emerged approximately 1 day earlier than females. Median parasite mortality while in the cocoon was 10.2% per parasitized weevil (x = 11.8%). Microctonus pachylobii was not found parasitizing two previously recorded weevil hosts from field samples, Hylobius rhizophagus and H. …

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Dytiscidae And Noteridae Of Wisconsin (Coleoptera). Ii. Distribution, Habitat, Life Cycle, And Identification Of Species Of Dytiscinae, William L. Hilsenhoff Dec 2017

Dytiscidae And Noteridae Of Wisconsin (Coleoptera). Ii. Distribution, Habitat, Life Cycle, And Identification Of Species Of Dytiscinae, William L. Hilsenhoff

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Twenty-one species of Dytiscinae were collected in Wisconsin over the past 30 years, including three species of Acilius, one species of Cybister, eight species of Dytiscus, five species of Graphoderus, two species of Hydaticus, and two species of Thermonectus. Species keys are provided for adults, and except for Dytiscus and Cybister, keys are also provided for larvae. Based on a study of 13,236 adults and 854 larvae, information on the distribution and abundance of each species in Wisconsin is provided along with notes on their habitat, life cycle, and identification.

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Aphid Prey Of Passaloecus Cuspidatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), John M. Fricke Dec 2017

Aphid Prey Of Passaloecus Cuspidatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), John M. Fricke

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Provisioning activity of Passaloecus cuspidatus extended from 29 May through 6 August 1987. Eighty trap-nests contained 281 provisioned cells containing 9,618 aphids. The average number of aphids per cell was 34.2 and the average number of cells provisioned per day was 0.73. Passaloecus cuspidatus stored the following aphids as provisions: Cinaria sp., Euceraphis sp., Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus sp., Myzus cerasi, Myzus monardae, and Sitobium avenae. The number of aphids provisioned per cell was inversely related to aphid size. The number of aphids provisioned per cell varied signifI­cantly (9-74).

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New Distribution Records Of The Tiger-Moth Genus Phragmatobia In North America (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae), Julian P. Donahue Dec 2017

New Distribution Records Of The Tiger-Moth Genus Phragmatobia In North America (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae), Julian P. Donahue

The Great Lakes Entomologist

New distribution records for all three Nearctic species of Phragmatobia include state records (the first records for the states indicated) of P lineata (Maryland, Wisconsin); P fuliginosa rubricosa (Ohio, South Dakota), and P assimilans (Idaho, Montana, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin), all representing southern range extensions at those longitudes except for the Wisconsin records of P lineata, which are northern range extensions. Chelone glabra (Scrophulariaceae) is reported as a larval hostplant of P lineata, and descriptive notes on the larva of this species are included. Midwinter activity of a larva crawling on snow is reported for P fuliginosa rubricosa. The rare …

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Methods For Artificial Rearing Of Solitary Eumenid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), Charles F. Chilcutt, David P. Cowan Dec 2017

Methods For Artificial Rearing Of Solitary Eumenid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), Charles F. Chilcutt, David P. Cowan

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Solitary eumenid wasps of the genera Ancistrocerus and Euodynerus can be reared in small cages. Laboratory-reared larvae of the spruce budworm caterpillars, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Torlricidae) are suitable prey.

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A New Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae); Parasite Of Harpalus Herbivagus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) From Michigan, Robert W. Husband Dec 2017

A New Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae); Parasite Of Harpalus Herbivagus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) From Michigan, Robert W. Husband

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Eutarsopolipus porteri n. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae) is described from HarpaIus herbivagus and E. elongatus is reported for the first time in North America from Amara aenea (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Fort Custer State Recreation Area, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Of the 7 species of Podapolipidae known from American Carabidae, E. elongatus was introduced with Amara aenea and the others are native species. All are parasites restricted to Carabidae.

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Horticulture For Pollinator Conservation, Carter M. Westerhold Dec 2017

Horticulture For Pollinator Conservation, Carter M. Westerhold

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Pollinators worldwide are declining. Consequently, the agricultural and ecological services these insects provide are in danger of being lost. Land use intensification, via urbanization, has greatly influenced this decline in pollinators. Luckily, through targeted horticultural practices, stable populations of pollinators can be sustained within urban areas. The horticultural practices of planting diverse floral resources and managing pollinator habitat in urban areas can sustain these populations. Two studies were conducted with the intent to identify horticultural knowledge gaps that could be reduced to aid in pollinator conservation efforts. First, a study to compare Nebraska native and non-native ornamental plants was conducted. …

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Spatial Variation In Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Susceptibility To Bacillus Thuringiensis Corn Events In Nebraska, Jordan D. Reinders Dec 2017

Spatial Variation In Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Susceptibility To Bacillus Thuringiensis Corn Events In Nebraska, Jordan D. Reinders

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is an economically important pest species of field corn (Zea mays L.) in the U.S. Corn Belt. Yield losses and control costs exceed greater than $1 billion annually. Over the past 10+ years, growers have adopted transgenic corn hybrids expressing rootworm-active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins as a primary WCR management tactic. Field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A proteins expressed in single-trait Bt hybrids has been confirmed in some areas of Nebraska. Growers have used different tactics as needed to prevent or mitigate resistance, resulting in a mosaic of selection pressure placed …

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Relationship Between Oviposition, Virulence Gene Expression And Parasitism Success In Cotesia Typhae Nov. Sp. Parasitoid Strains, R. Benoist, C. Chantre, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, M. Bodet, F. Mougel, P. A. Calatayud, S. Dupas, E. Huguet, R. Jeannette, J. Obonyo, C. Odorico, J. F. Silvain, B. Le Ru, L. Kaiser Dec 2017

Relationship Between Oviposition, Virulence Gene Expression And Parasitism Success In Cotesia Typhae Nov. Sp. Parasitoid Strains, R. Benoist, C. Chantre, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, M. Bodet, F. Mougel, P. A. Calatayud, S. Dupas, E. Huguet, R. Jeannette, J. Obonyo, C. Odorico, J. F. Silvain, B. Le Ru, L. Kaiser

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Studying mechanisms that drive host adaptation in parasitoids is crucial for the efficient use of parasitoids in biocontrol programs. Cotesia typhae nov. sp. (Fernández-Triana) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a newly described parasitoid of the Mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Braconidae are known for their domesticated bracovirus, which is injected with eggs in the host larva to overcome its resistance. In this context, we compared reproductive success traits of four Kenyan strains of C. typhae on a French and a Kenyan populations of its host. Differences were found between the four strains and the two most contrasted ones were …

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Diversity And Abundance Of Lepidopteran Stem Borer Natural Enemies In Natural And Cultivated Habitats In Botswana, Reyard Mutamiswa, Eva Moeng, Bruno P. Le Ru, Des E. Conlong, Yoseph Assefa, Muluken Goftishu, Casper Nyamukondiwa Dec 2017

Diversity And Abundance Of Lepidopteran Stem Borer Natural Enemies In Natural And Cultivated Habitats In Botswana, Reyard Mutamiswa, Eva Moeng, Bruno P. Le Ru, Des E. Conlong, Yoseph Assefa, Muluken Goftishu, Casper Nyamukondiwa

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Lepidopteran stem-borers in Africa are attacked by diverse natural enemies in natural and cultivated environments. Field surveys of stem-borer natural enemies and associated host plants were conducted during the austral summers of 2014/15 and 2015/16 on natural and cultivated habitats across Botswana to determine their diversity and relative abundance. In cultivated habitats, the most common parasitoids of larvae were Cotesia flavipes Cameron, C. sesamiae (Cameron), and of pupae, Pediobius furvus Gahan and Gambroides nimbipennis Seyrig. In natural habitats, the larval parasitoids Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron and Goniozus indicus Ashmead were recorded, along with the pupal parasitoid, Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich. Furthermore, the …

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Temperature-Dependent Models Of Development And Survival Of An Insect Pest Of African Tropical Highlands, The Coffee Antestia Bug Antestiopsis Thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Lucy K. Murungi, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Dickson Mwenda, Régis Babin Dec 2017

Temperature-Dependent Models Of Development And Survival Of An Insect Pest Of African Tropical Highlands, The Coffee Antestia Bug Antestiopsis Thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Lucy K. Murungi, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Dickson Mwenda, Régis Babin

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The antestia bug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a major pest of Arabica coffee in African tropical highlands. It feeds on coffee plant vegetative parts and berries leading to a direct reduction in coffee yield and quality. This study aimed to determine A. thunbergii thermal requirements, and to obtain new information on the pest demography as influenced by temperature. Temperature-dependent models were developed using the Insect Life Cycle Modelling software (ILCYM) through a complete life table study at seven constant temperatures in the range 18–32 °C. Non-linear functions were fitted to A. thunbergii development, mortality, fecundity and senescence. Model parameters …

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Mechanisms Of Plasmodium-Enhanced Attraction Of Mosquito Vectors, Annette O. Busula, Niels O. Verhulst, Teun Bousema, Willem Takken, Jetske G. De Boer Dec 2017

Mechanisms Of Plasmodium-Enhanced Attraction Of Mosquito Vectors, Annette O. Busula, Niels O. Verhulst, Teun Bousema, Willem Takken, Jetske G. De Boer

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Evidence is accumulating that Plasmodium-infected vertebrates are more attractive to mosquitoes than noninfected hosts, particularly when high levels of gametocytes are present. Changes in host odour have been suggested as a likely target for parasite manipulation because olfactory cues are crucial to mosquitoes in search of a bloodmeal host. This review discusses two routes that may lead to such changes: (i) direct emission of volatile products from malaria parasites, and (ii) changes in skin microbial composition that could lead to changes in the vertebrate odour profile. Here we synthesize what is known and suggest how further research can increase our …

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Datasets On Abundance Of Common Blossom Thrips And Weather Variables In Small-Scale Avocado Orchards At Taita Hills And Mount Kilimanjaro, James J. Odanga, Samira Mohamed, Florence Olubayo, Richard Nyankanga, Sizah Mwalusepo, Sevgan Subramanian, Tino Johansson, Sunday Ekesi Dec 2017

Datasets On Abundance Of Common Blossom Thrips And Weather Variables In Small-Scale Avocado Orchards At Taita Hills And Mount Kilimanjaro, James J. Odanga, Samira Mohamed, Florence Olubayo, Richard Nyankanga, Sizah Mwalusepo, Sevgan Subramanian, Tino Johansson, Sunday Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Avocado, Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae), is an important fruit crop cultivated by small-holder farmers along Afrotropical highlands of Taita Hills in South-eastern Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro in Northern Tanzania. The small-holder farmers in these East African regions generate substantial food and cash from avocado fruits. However, the avocado crop is faced with challenges of infestation by insect pests such as the common blossom thrips (Frankliniella schultzei Trybom) which feeds on pollen and floral tissue thereby reducing productivity of the trees. Moreover, there is no information describing distribution patterns of Frankliniella schultzei and associated weather in East African avocado orchards despite …

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Protected Cultivation Of Vegetable Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa: Limits And Prospects For Smallholders. A Review, Thibault Nordey, Claudine Basset-Mens, Hubert De Bon, Thibaud Martin, Emilie Déletré, Serge Simon, Laurent Parrot, Hugo Despretz, Joël Huat, Yannick Biard, Thomas Dubois, Eric Malézieux Dec 2017

Protected Cultivation Of Vegetable Crops In Sub-Saharan Africa: Limits And Prospects For Smallholders. A Review, Thibault Nordey, Claudine Basset-Mens, Hubert De Bon, Thibaud Martin, Emilie Déletré, Serge Simon, Laurent Parrot, Hugo Despretz, Joël Huat, Yannick Biard, Thomas Dubois, Eric Malézieux

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Vegetable production in sub-Saharan Africa faces numerous agronomic constraints that will have to be overcome to feed the increasing population and to fight malnutrition. Technology transfer and the adoption of low-tech protected cultivation techniques affordable for smallholders are believed to be able to meet this challenge. Protected cultivation techniques are a set of agricultural practices aimed at artificializing the crop environment through the use of soil covers and/or plant covers to control pests and climatic conditions. Although protected cultivation techniques may increase the yield and quality of vegetable crops and extend their production periods worldwide, the transfer of these techniques …

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The Cotesia Sesamiae Story: Insight Into Host-Range Evolution In A Hymenoptera Parasitoid And Implication For Its Use In Biological Control Programs, L. Kaiser, S. Dupas, A. Branca, E. A. Herniou, C. W. Clarke, C. Capdevielle Dulac, J. Obonyo, R. Benoist, J. Gauthier, P. A. Calatayud, J. F. Silvain, B. P. Le Ru Dec 2017

The Cotesia Sesamiae Story: Insight Into Host-Range Evolution In A Hymenoptera Parasitoid And Implication For Its Use In Biological Control Programs, L. Kaiser, S. Dupas, A. Branca, E. A. Herniou, C. W. Clarke, C. Capdevielle Dulac, J. Obonyo, R. Benoist, J. Gauthier, P. A. Calatayud, J. F. Silvain, B. P. Le Ru

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

This review covers nearly 20 years of studies on the ecology, physiology and genetics of the Hymenoptera Cotesia sesamiae, an African parasitoid of Lepidoptera that reduces populations of common maize borers in East and South Africa. The first part of the review presents studies based on sampling of C. sesamiae from maize crops in Kenya. From this agrosystem including one host plant and three main host borer species, studies revealed two genetically differentiated populations of C. sesamiae species adapted to their local host community, and showed that their differentiation involved the joint evolution of virulence genes and sensory mechanisms of …

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Morganella Morganii (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) Is A Lethal Pathogen Of Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae, Bacilio Salas, Hugh E. Conway, Erin Schuenzel, Kristen Hopperstad, Christopher Vitek, Don C. Vacek Dec 2017

Morganella Morganii (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) Is A Lethal Pathogen Of Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae, Bacilio Salas, Hugh E. Conway, Erin Schuenzel, Kristen Hopperstad, Christopher Vitek, Don C. Vacek

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Tephritid pests, such as the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), represent a major threat to fruit production worldwide. In order to control these pests, sterile insect technique is used to suppress and eradicate wild populations. For this control method to be successful, hundreds of millions of flies must be produced weekly in mass rearing facilities. The large quantity of artificial diet and close proximity of flies at various life stages allows bacteria from family Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and others to multiply and spread more easily. In this study, bacteria with a possible pathogenic effect were isolated from Mexican fruit …

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Horizontal Transmission Of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hearnpv) In Soybean Fields Infested With Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie), Joseph Lee Black Dec 2017

Horizontal Transmission Of Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hearnpv) In Soybean Fields Infested With Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie), Joseph Lee Black

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a commercially available viral biopesticide that targets Heliothines, including Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the most damaging pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in the Mid-South. Previous formulations of HearNPV have been well studied; however, no research has been published on current formulations. The first objective of this thesis was to assess the rate of horizontal transmission of HearNPV in a soybean field infested with H. zea when HearNPV was applied as a bio-insecticide, and to identify arthropods that are important obligate carriers in dissemination. HearNPV spread 200 feet in 3 fields, and was …

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