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Articles 4111 - 4140 of 10518

Full-Text Articles in Zoology

Post-Darwin Skepticism And Run-Of-The-Mill Suicide, John Hadley Jan 2018

Post-Darwin Skepticism And Run-Of-The-Mill Suicide, John Hadley

Animal Sentience

Peña-Guzmán’s depiction of the opponent of animal suicide as a conservative is a straw man. It is possible to accept that animals are self-conscious and reflexive yet still reject the view that they have the mental wherewithal to commit run-of-the-mill suicide. That animal behaviour can be positioned on a continuum of self-destructive behaviour does not establish that animals can intentionally kill themselves.

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An Adaptationist Perspective On Animal Suicide, Timothy P. Racine Jan 2018

An Adaptationist Perspective On Animal Suicide, Timothy P. Racine

Animal Sentience

Peña-Guzmán’s discussion of suicide in nonhuman animals has broad implications. In this commentary, I focus on the logical relation between suicide and intention. Proximate cause must be distinguished from ultimate function in explanations of suicide. I briefly discuss two adaptationist accounts of suicidal behavior.

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Lessons From Chimpanzee Sign Language Studies, Mary Lee Jensvold Jan 2018

Lessons From Chimpanzee Sign Language Studies, Mary Lee Jensvold

Animal Sentience

Claims are often made about behaviors being unique to humans; the evidence usually shows they are not. Sign language studies on chimpanzees may provide a useful model for comparative studies of suicide. A productive approach to comparative studies is to focus on observable behaviors rather than getting lost in the pitfalls of vague definitions and changing measures.

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Animal Suicide: An Account Worth Giving?, Irina Mikhalevich Jan 2018

Animal Suicide: An Account Worth Giving?, Irina Mikhalevich

Animal Sentience

Peña-Guzmán (2017) argues that empirical evidence and evolutionary theory compel us to treat the phenomenon of suicide as continuous in the animal kingdom. He defends a “continuist” account in which suicide is a multiply-realizable phenomenon characterized by self-injurious and self-annihilative behaviors. This view is problematic for several reasons. First, it appears to mischaracterize the Darwinian view that mind is continuous in nature. Second, by focusing only on surface-level features of behavior, it groups causally and etiologically disparate phenomena under a single conceptual umbrella, thereby reducing the account’s explanatory power. Third, it obscures existing analyses of suicide in biomedical ethics and …

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Can Nondolphins Commit Suicide?, David M. Peña-Guzmán Jan 2018

Can Nondolphins Commit Suicide?, David M. Peña-Guzmán

Animal Sentience

This Response addresses the scientific and philosophical criticisms of my 2017 target article “Can nonhuman animals commit suicide?” It defends my key claims and explores topics (such as animal judgment, animal theory of mind, and the evolution of suicide) that did not appear in the original article. It also points out areas in which further research is needed and concludes that we should be wary of accusations of “anthropomorphism” in debates about animal suicide.

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Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Alyssa Herrin Jan 2018

Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Alyssa Herrin

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The study of visitor use in museums, zoos, and aquariums is an important aspect of understanding visitor engagement and evaluating the function of the institution. Here, visitor demographics such as age, group size, and number of children were assessed to see their influence on time spent and number of stops visitors made while visiting the Denver Botanic Gardens in Denver, Colorado. This study evaluated differences in time spent and number of stops made among different gardens by observing visitors and mapping their paths and activities through each zone. The results show that older visitors and larger groups spent more time …

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Animal Suicide: Evolutionary Continuity Or Anthropomorphism?, Antonio Preti Jan 2018

Animal Suicide: Evolutionary Continuity Or Anthropomorphism?, Antonio Preti

Animal Sentience

Evolutionary processes are characterized by both continuity and discontinuity. Evidence on suicide in nonhuman animals is faint and often rests on the metaphorical or anthropomorphic use of the term. Suicidal behavior might be an evolutionary jump relatively recent in our species: a byproduct of living in groups of people who are not as closely related genetically as in social groups of nonhuman mammals.

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Roots Of Self-Preservation Failure In Animal Behavior, Denys Decatanzaro Jan 2018

Roots Of Self-Preservation Failure In Animal Behavior, Denys Decatanzaro

Animal Sentience

Affective variation from euphoria to dysphoria, best understood in humans, is also found in the behavior and neurochemistry of many other mammals. Suicide in humans typically occurs in highly dysphoric and despondent individuals. Self-injurious behavior has been observed in dysphoric and despondent nonhuman primates. In humans, suicide is facilitated by a highly-evolved neocortex giving rise to behavioral flexibility and culture. As Peña-Guzmán indicates, some other mammals also have elaborate neocortices and the capacity for cognitive insight, particularly apes, delphinids, and whales. Suicide is most likely to occur in species where individuals live in stable groups of highly interdependent kin.

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Animal Suicide And "Anthropodenial", Ryan Hediger Jan 2018

Animal Suicide And "Anthropodenial", Ryan Hediger

Animal Sentience

Increasing understanding of the impressive cognitive and social capacities of nonhuman animals suggests the possibility that they may sometimes commit suicide. Such notions tend to be dismissed as “anthropomorphism.” That interpretive hazard, I argue, must be weighed against the opposite hazard of “anthropodenial” — “the a priori rejection of shared characteristics between humans and animals” (de Waal 2006). If animals do commit suicide, how often is it motivated precisely by the impact of humans on animal life?

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Continuum And Temporality, Gerard Kuperus Jan 2018

Continuum And Temporality, Gerard Kuperus

Animal Sentience

I fully support the continuum proposed in the target article and argue along the same lines that we should be suspicious of drawing any strict borders between human and non-human animals. Since we can say very little with absolute certainty about human intentions regarding suicide, we have no certainty about the intentions of non-human animals. Although I am very sympathetic to Peña-Guzmán’s overall argument, I suggest that time could be taken into consideration as well.

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Thinking About Thinking Chickens, Lori Marino Jan 2018

Thinking About Thinking Chickens, Lori Marino

Animal Sentience

This response focuses on three major conceptual threads that run through the peer commentary on my target article: (1) how the use of chickens influences our views of them, (2) whether education is effective, and (3) what components of chicken psychology are most relevant to understanding who chickens are.


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Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Taylor Readyhough Jan 2018

Ms Environmental Biology Capstone Project, Taylor Readyhough

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Life in a zoo brings a score of stressors into the lives of captive animals, including artificial light, crowds of visitors, and increased noise levels. Stress especially impacts captive birds, and continued exposure to these stressors can negatively affect birds’ reproductive success and overall well-being. Staff at the Denver Zoo noticed increased aggression between a male and female pair of great Indian hornbills during the winter of 2016. This behavioral shift coincided with Zoo Lights, a holiday event that results in the hornbills’ exhibit remaining open to the public for approximately four extra hours through the entire month of December. …

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Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project: 2017 Update, Margaret Pepper, Kevin Sullivan, Robert Colona, Jonathan Mcknight Jan 2018

Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project: 2017 Update, Margaret Pepper, Kevin Sullivan, Robert Colona, Jonathan Mcknight

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Nutria, a semi-aquatic, South American rodent, was introduced to Maryland during the early 1940s. Originally brought to the area for fur farms, the market never established and animals were released or escaped. Nutria thrived, destroying coastal wetlands which resulted in negative environmental and economic impacts to the Chesapeake Bay region. To preserve and protect valuable wetland resources, the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project (CBNEP) was established in 2002 through a partnership between the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and many state agencies and non-governmental organizations. Since …

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Historical Observations And Identifications Of Plants And Animals In The Vicinity Of Engineer Cantonment In 1819-1820, Hugh H. Genoways, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Carl R. Falk, John R. Bozell Jan 2018

Historical Observations And Identifications Of Plants And Animals In The Vicinity Of Engineer Cantonment In 1819-1820, Hugh H. Genoways, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Carl R. Falk, John R. Bozell

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Historical observations and identifications of plants and animals in the vicinity of Engineer Cantonment in 1819–1820 (James 1822) are shown below in Roman and Roman italic print. Specimens identified through phytoarcheological and zooarcheological analysis of materials and believed to be reasonably associated or contemporaneous with the Long Expedition use of the site (AU4) are shown in boldface. Species present in both the historical and archeological data are marked by an asterisk (*). References used in this compilation include Benedict (1996), Brewer (1970 [1840]), Conant and Collins (1991), Ducey (2000), Evans (1997), Falk et al. (this volume), Genoways et al. (2008), …

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If Nonhuman Animals Can Suicide, Why Don’T They?, C. A. Soper, Todd K. Shackelford Jan 2018

If Nonhuman Animals Can Suicide, Why Don’T They?, C. A. Soper, Todd K. Shackelford

Animal Sentience

An evolutionary analysis suggests that selection is unlikely to have tolerated the capacity for intentional self-killing in nonhuman animals. The potential to escape pain by suicide would have presented a recurrent and severe adaptive problem for an animal with a reproductive future to protect. If the potential for suicide arose in the evolutionary past, anti-suicide mechanisms may have co-evolved, as we believe they have in adult humans. Peña-Guzmán’s (2017) argument that some nonhuman animals can suicide is incomplete without an account of the defences that result in the vast majority opting not to.

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Claw Morphometrics In Monitor Lizards: Variable Substrate And Habitat Use Correlate To Shape Diversity Within A Predator Guild, Domenic C. D'Amore, Simon Clulow, J. Sean Doody, David Rhind, Colin R. Mchenry Jan 2018

Claw Morphometrics In Monitor Lizards: Variable Substrate And Habitat Use Correlate To Shape Diversity Within A Predator Guild, Domenic C. D'Amore, Simon Clulow, J. Sean Doody, David Rhind, Colin R. Mchenry

USF St. Petersburg Campus Faculty Publications

Numerous studies investigate morphology in the context of habitat, and lizards have received particular attention. Substrate usage is often reflected in the morphology of characters associated with locomotion, and, as a result, claws have become well-studied ecomorphological traits linking the two. The Kimberley predator guild of Western Australia consists of 10 sympatric varanid species. The purpose of this study was to quantify claw size and shape in the guild using geometric morphometrics, and determine whether these features correlated with substrate use and habitat. Each species was assigned a Habitat/substrate group based on the substrate their claws interact with in their …

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Chicken Minds And Moral Standing, Kristin Andrews Jan 2018

Chicken Minds And Moral Standing, Kristin Andrews

Animal Sentience

Some of the cognitive traits that Marino reviews are not in themselves relevant to ethics, either for chickens or human infants, but affective traits are, among them desires.

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Three New Species Of Grouvellinus Champion, 1923 From Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo, Discovered By Citizen Scientists During The First Taxon Expedition (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae), Hendrik Freitag, Iva Njunjic, Clister V. Pangantihon Jan 2018

Three New Species Of Grouvellinus Champion, 1923 From Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo, Discovered By Citizen Scientists During The First Taxon Expedition (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae), Hendrik Freitag, Iva Njunjic, Clister V. Pangantihon

Biology Faculty Publications

Further results are presented of the first field course at Maliau Basin, Malaysian Borneo organized by Taxon Expeditions, an organization which enables citizen scientists to be directly involved in taxonomic discoveries. Three new species of the aquatic beetle genus Grouvellinus Champion, 1923, namely G. leonardodicaprioi sp. n., G. andrekuipersi sp. n., and G. quest sp. n. were collected jointly by the citizen scientists and taxonomists during the fieldwork in Maliau Basin. Material was mainly sampled from sandstone bottom rocks of blackwater streams at altitudes between 900 m and 1,000 m using fine-meshed hand-nets. The genus is widely distributed …

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Sparsorythus Sescarorum, New Species From Mindoro, Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Tricorythidae), Jhoana Garces, Ernst Bauernfeind, Hendrik Freitag Jan 2018

Sparsorythus Sescarorum, New Species From Mindoro, Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Tricorythidae), Jhoana Garces, Ernst Bauernfeind, Hendrik Freitag

Biology Faculty Publications

A new mayfly species, Sparsorythus sescarorum sp. n. (Tricorythidae) is described from Mindoro Island, Philippines. Nymphs are characterized by the combination of the following characters: compound eyes of approximately equal size in both sexes, shape and setation of legs, presence of rudimentary gills on abdominal segment VII, and some details of mouthparts. Male imagines are characterized by the coloration pattern of wings and details of genitalia. The developmental stages are matched by DNA barcodes.

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Ainsworth Fall Field Days, Janis Paseka Jan 2018

Ainsworth Fall Field Days, Janis Paseka

Nebraska Bird Review

The 2018 NOU Fall Field Days took place in and around Ainsworth on Sep. 14 – 16, with 48 in attendance. It was a hot and windy weekend, but 137 species were located. Two Sandhill Cranes in the Niobrara River at the Carns Bridge attracted birders, especially since the two cooperatively moved from one side of the river to the other, allowing county listers to count them in both. The bird of the weekend, however, was the Red-naped Sapsucker at Plum Creek Valley WMA. It was a county bird for everyone, a state bird for many and a life bird …

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Primeness In Early Season Arkansas Raccoon Pelts, D. Blake Sasse Jan 2018

Primeness In Early Season Arkansas Raccoon Pelts, D. Blake Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Trapping seasons in the United States are generally set around the time of the year when pelts are in “prime” condition and are in their most valuable state. In order to assess whether the start of the Arkansas trapping season is at an appropriate date 122 raccoons were captured during the month of November in 2014 and 2015. Based on the evaluation of experienced fur dealers, the percentage of pelts in prime condition was then assessed on weekly and half-monthly basis. This study indicates that starting the trapping season in the last half of the month may maximize the percentage …

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Organochloride Pesticides Present In Animal Fur, Soil, And Streambed In An Agricultural Region Of Southeastern Arkansas, Matthew E. Grilliot, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims Jan 2018

Organochloride Pesticides Present In Animal Fur, Soil, And Streambed In An Agricultural Region Of Southeastern Arkansas, Matthew E. Grilliot, John L. Hunt, Christopher G. Sims

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Animals in agricultural settings may be subject to bioaccumulation of toxins. For the last several years, we collected hair samples from bats and rodents in an agricultural area near Bayou Bartholomew in Drew County, Arkansas. Samples were submitted to the Center of Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut for wide-screen toxin analysis. Several of these samples contained measurable amounts of organochloride pesticides or their metabolites, including some that have been banned for decades, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlordane. In addition, we collected several samples of soil from within an agricultural field, from adjacent edge habitat, from …

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Evaluating Current And Future Range Limits Of An Endangered, Keystone Rodent (Dipodomys Ingens), Ivy V. Widick Jan 2018

Evaluating Current And Future Range Limits Of An Endangered, Keystone Rodent (Dipodomys Ingens), Ivy V. Widick

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Climate is often considered the single most important factor limiting species’ ranges. Other factors, such as biotic interactions, are often assumed to be included via abiotic proxies. However, differential responses to climate change may decouple these relationships or lead to adaptation to novel environments. Accounting for competition and local adaptation should more accurately describe environmental factors influencing current distributions and increase the predictive accuracy of future distributions. Modeling the endangered giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) is an excellent application of these model improvements, as the species range consists of geographically and genetically isolated populations experiencing disparate climatic change. …

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The Monitoring Of Feather Mites (Acari, Astigmata) Of The Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) Species In The Kızılırmak Delta, Samsun, Turkey, Esra Per, Meti̇n Aktaş Jan 2018

The Monitoring Of Feather Mites (Acari, Astigmata) Of The Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) Species In The Kızılırmak Delta, Samsun, Turkey, Esra Per, Meti̇n Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Feather mites (Astigmata) are among the most common ectosymbionts that live on birds. The present research was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in the Kızılırmak delta Cernek Bird Ringing Station in Samsun, Turkey. Assessments of the taxonomy, collection methods, and the periodic host-species relationships of the mites collected were conducted for 591 individuals of 10 bird species belonging to the family Sylviidae captured using mist nets during the bird migration periods. Ten feather mite species were identified from the families Proctophyllodidae, Analgidae, and Trouesartidae. These species are Strelkoviacarus quadratus (Haller, 1882); Dolichodectes edwardsi (Trouessart, 1885); Proctophyllodes cetti Badek, Mironov, and …

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New Record Of The Genus Scaptognathus (Acari: Halacaridae) From Antalya With A Checklist Of Marine Halacarid Mites Of Turkey, Furkan Durucan Jan 2018

New Record Of The Genus Scaptognathus (Acari: Halacaridae) From Antalya With A Checklist Of Marine Halacarid Mites Of Turkey, Furkan Durucan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper presents the first results of a study on the Scaptognathus (Acari: Halacaridae) mites from the Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey. Two species, S. hallezi Trouessart, 1894 and S. sabularius André, 1961, are newly recorded from Turkey. They are briefly described with drawings, habitats, and worldwide distributions. Additionally, a checklist is provided for the marine halacarid species of Turkey.

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A New Species And Additional Record Of Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy(Diptera: Tephritidae) From Turkey With A Key For The Cerajocera Group, Mehmet Yaran, Murat Kütük, Vedat Görmez, Mürşi̇t Ömür Koyuncu Jan 2018

A New Species And Additional Record Of Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy(Diptera: Tephritidae) From Turkey With A Key For The Cerajocera Group, Mehmet Yaran, Murat Kütük, Vedat Görmez, Mürşi̇t Ömür Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Genus Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 includes approximately 60 species throughout the Palearctic region. Larvae of Terellia develop in the flowerheads of the family Asteraceae. In this study, the authors collected species of Terellia from possible host plants in the summer of 2009 and 2017 in northeastern Turkey using an insect net. Collected materials were pinned and deposited in the Gaziantep University Entomology Laboratory. Upon identification, Terellia (Cerajocera) akguli sp. nov. has been described as a new species and placed in the subgenus Cerajocera. Also, T. (C.) armeniaca Korneyev, 1985 has been recorded for the first time in Turkey with this study. …

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Checklist Of Sea Spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) From The Persian Gulf And The Gulf Of Oman With New Record Of Endeis Biseriata (Böhm, 1879) For The Region, Rudá Amorim Lucena, Yaser Fatemi, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen Jan 2018

Checklist Of Sea Spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) From The Persian Gulf And The Gulf Of Oman With New Record Of Endeis Biseriata (Böhm, 1879) For The Region, Rudá Amorim Lucena, Yaser Fatemi, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This is the first record of a pycnogonid for the Iranian coast. It is also the first record of an Endeis, and of Endeis biseriata, for the waters of the Gulf of Oman. A single specimen was collected in an algal bed of Padina sp., along Chabahar Bay, in February 2017. It is deposited in the Zoology Museum of the University of Hormozgan. E. biseriata is probably a native Indo-Pacific species that now has a wide world distribution, being probably pantropical. Morphological and ecological notes, as well as the distribution range of E. biseriata and a checklist of the species …

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Review: Application Of Tick Control Technologies For Blacklegged, Lone Star, And American Dog Ticks, Alexis White, Holly Gaff Jan 2018

Review: Application Of Tick Control Technologies For Blacklegged, Lone Star, And American Dog Ticks, Alexis White, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tick population control technologies have been studied for several decades but no method is successful in all situations. The success of each technology depends on tick species identity and abundance, host species identity and abundance, phenology of both ticks and hosts, geographic region, and a multitude of other factors. Here we review current technologies, presenting an overview of each and its effect on three common tick species in the eastern United States: blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis (Say; Ixodida: Ixodidae)), lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus; Ixodida: Ixodidae)), and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis (Say; Ixodida: Ixodidae)). Moreover, …

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A New Species Of Surazomus Reddell And Cokendolpher, 1995 (Arachnida: Schizomida) From Rondonia, Brazil, Lidianne Salvatierra Jan 2018

A New Species Of Surazomus Reddell And Cokendolpher, 1995 (Arachnida: Schizomida) From Rondonia, Brazil, Lidianne Salvatierra

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species, Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov., is described based on a male from the State of Rondonia, Brazil. It is characterized by a long, pointed, and curved ventral projection on the pedipalp femur, and a short and conical ventral projection on the pedipalp patella. Moreover, the male flagellum has Vm5 distant from Vl1, lacks Dl2, and the middle portion of the flagellum's depression is raised and bearing Dm4.

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Cryptochetidae (Diptera): First Record Of The Family From Turkey, László Papp, Mi̇roslav Bartak, Stepan Kubik, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek Jan 2018

Cryptochetidae (Diptera): First Record Of The Family From Turkey, László Papp, Mi̇roslav Bartak, Stepan Kubik, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The first record of the family Cryptochetidae is given from Turkey. Cryptochetum grandicorne and C. jorgepastori were found in Turkey. Four original figures are presented.

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