Animal Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of Social Rank On Certain Stress Response Variables And Behavioralcharacteristics Of Adult Rams, Eli̇f Ergül Eki̇z, Hülya Yalçintan, Alper Yilmaz, İbrahi̇m Akyazi, Evren Eraslan, Bülent Eki̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Dominance rank within a group can affect the stress level of an animal. However, there is no consensus on whether the dominant or subordinate animals are physiologically more stressed. It was aimed herein to determine the effect of social rank on the stress level and expression of some behaviors of adult Hemsin, Chios, and Karakul rams. According to their dominance index (DI) values, the rams were classified as low-ranked (DI < 0.33; n = 13), medium-ranked (DI: 0.33-0.66; n = 13), and high-ranked (DI > 0.66; n = 13) individuals. The low-ranked rams had lower body weight, body length, chest depth, chest circumference, cannon bone circumference, and tail width than the medium- and high-ranked rams. …

Comparison Of Blup And Bayesian Methods For Different Sizes Of Training Population Ingenomic Selection, Samet Hasan Abaci, Hasan Önder

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aims to compare the accuracy of pedigree-based and genomic-based breeding value prediction for different training population sizes. In this study, Bayes (A, B, C, Cpi) and GBLUP methods for genomic selection and BLUP method for pedigree-based selection were used. Genomic and pedigree-based breeding values were estimated for partial milk yield (158 days) of Holstein cows (400 individuals) from a private enterprise in the USA. For this aim, populations were created for indirect breeding value estimates as training (322-360) and test (78-40) populations. In animals genotyped with a 54k SNP, the marker file was encoded as -10, 0, and …

Preparation And Optimization Of Rapid And Sensitive Coagglutination Test For Detection Ofinfectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (Ipnv), Kemal Pekmez, Gülnur Kalayci, Sai̇me İsmet Gürhan, Eli̇f Esi̇n Tuna

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study is the development of a coagglutination test for rapid diagnosis of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus which causes an acute infectious viral disease with high mortality in young salmonid fish. Serotypes Sp, Ab, WB of the IPNV were cultivated in BF-2 cells and purified by linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Hyperimmune sera against purified IPNV serotypes were collected from immunized guinea pigs. Coagglutination test conjugates were prepared by using sensitized S. aureus and hyperimmune sera. Cell culture derived salmonid pathogens such as infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and epizootic hematopoietic …

Cd Markers Of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Intestine Naturally Infected Withmycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis: Distinct Expression Of Madcam-1 Andcx3cr1, Saeed Al-Ramadan, Kazem Al-Mohammed Salem, Ibrahim Alshubaith, Ahmed Alluwaimi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in camel requires extensive research, particularly the immune responses in the intestine. This study aimed to investigate the nature of the cellular populations that are driven by the immunopathological responses in the camel intestine infected with MAP at different ages. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on tissues obtained from naturally infected young (5-10 years old) and older (12-15 years old) camels. The staining of the tissues, ileum, mesenteric lymph node, jejunum, and supramammary lymph nodes, with anti-CD3$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$, CD8$^{+}$, CD25$^{+}$, CD11c$^{+}$, CD14$^{+}$, WC1$^{+}$, CX3CR1, and Madcam-1 monoclonal antibodies revealed high expression of the molecules …

In Vitro Antibiotic Resistance Of Staphylococci Isolated From Different Animal Species, Nurdan Karacan Sever, Mehmet Akan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study is to investigate resistance to antibiotics of Staphylococcus species isolated from various samples belonging to different animal species. Among 48 Staphylococcus spp. strains, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. saprophyticus. In a total of 48 Staphylococcus strains, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed to oxacillin (79.17%), tetracycline (39.58%), and ampicillin and cefoxitin (31.25%). Of 48 Staphylococcus strains, 42 showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, while 23 of the strains had multidrug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin was detected frequently …

Ultrasonographic Features Of Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Kidneys, And Urinary Bladder Ofrescued Long-Tailed Macaques, Macaca Fascicularis, Paul Cardenio, Jezie Acorda, Emilia Lastica-Ternura

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the ultrasonographic features of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder of 24 apparently healthy male and female long-tailed macaques (LTM) and the correlations of organ measurements with body weight and crown?rump length. The animals were grouped into 12 males and 12 females. Examination was performed in sedated LTM using an ultrasound machine with 6.0 MHz microconvex scanner. Ultrasound appearance, dimensions, and echotexture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, and urinary bladder were evaluated. The results showed that there were no sex-related differences in echo mean values, thickness, and length of the selected …

Antibiotic Susceptibility And Phylogenetic Analyses For The Origins And Serotypes Of Listeria Monocytogenes Strains Isolated From Ice Cream And Cream Cakes, Orkun Babacan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic bacterium which also infects humans. The aim of this study was to isolate this organism from cream cakes and ice cream and obtain 16S rRNA and hlyA gene sequences from isolates in order to perform phylogenetic analyses. Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility were also determined. The cream cake and ice cream samples were examined for L. monocytogenes according to ISO 11290-1 and using the mini Vidas LMO 2 kit procedure. Antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute …

Effects Of Oregano (Oreganum Onites L.) Aromatic Water On Rumen Microbialfermentation Of Holstein Calves, Serkan Özkaya, Ozan Emre Almali, Yavuz Ayan, Sabri̇ Erbaş, Taylan Aksu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of aromatic oregano water (AOW) on rumen fermentation of Holstein calves. For this purpose, 20 Holstein calves were divided into four groups (n = 5) and fed with three different doses of AOW (1, 1.5, and 2%). The experimental groups were formed as follows; the control group (CNT): milk + starter; G1: 1% AOW supplemented milk + starter; G2: 1.5% AOW supplemented milk + starter; G3: 2% AOW supplemented milk + starter. The rumen fluid was taken from the oesophagus at 60 days of age with the aid of a …

Comparison Of Different Eggshell Thickness Measurement Methods, Abdulkadi̇r Arslan, Umut Sami̇ Yamak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to examine how various methods affect the results of eggshell thickness measurements. Direct and indirect measurements were performed on 700 table eggs which were daily collected from the same flock. The shell thickness of the eggs was calculated according to a logarithm which uses egg weight. Eggs with a specific gravity of higher than 0.80 g/cm³ were classified as thick-shelled, whereas the others were categorized as thin-shelled. After determining the shell thickness of the eggs by an ultrasound gauge, all of the eggs were broken, the shells were separated, and the shell thickness of each egg …

Thermal Rearing Environment Effect On Behavior And Metabolic Profile Of Laying Hens, Erika Rosendo De Sena Gandra, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Gisele Aparecida Felix, Paulo Henrique Braz, Claudia Marie Komiyama, Ireilza De Alencar Nääs, Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara, Sandriele Goes De Campos Deboleto, Maria Fernanda De Castro Burbarelli, Kleber Pelicia

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

For the trial, 54 Bovans White laying hens were used at 95 weeks of age and were housed in groups of three birds per cage. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial scheme of treatments 2 × 3 (rations with two energy densities × three thermal environments). Corn-soybean meal based diets with similar composition, differing only in energy levels, were obtained with soybean oil inclusion (2750 kcal and 3250 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)). Climate-controlled rooms were used to mimic a thermoneutral environment (TE) (average temperature of 24.3 °C and relative humidity of 62.3%), a hot environment (HE) (average …

Light And Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of The Saanen Goat Heart, Sedef Selvi̇ler Si̇zer, Yonca Beti̇l Kabak, Murat Kabak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It is important to know the morphological structure of the heart, which is a vital organ of the body, in detail. For this reason, we aimed to examine the morphological structure of the Saanen goat heart using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A total of thirteen Saanen goat hearts were used in the study. To demonstrate the histological structure of the heart, samples taken from 9 hearts were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and blocked in paraffin after routine histological procedures. Histological staining was performed on the sections taken from the blocks. Four hearts were fixed in a 2.5% …

Effect Of Chemical- And Toxin Binder-Treated Cotton Seed Cake On Milk Production, Milkcomposition, And Aflatoxin Concentration In Milk Of Nili Ravi Lactating Buffaloes, Murtaza Ali Tipu, Anjum Khalique, Muhammad Naveed Ul-Haque, Muhammad Qamer Shahid, Maqsood Akhtar, Mubashir Ilyas

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Twelve multiparous Nili Ravi buffaloes were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized, replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of chemical (calcium propionate)- and toxin binder (sodium bentonite)-treated cotton seed cake (CSC) on milk yield and transfer of milk toxin (M1). Periods (20 days) were allocated for each treatment. In the 1st treatment (control), CSC with 100 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fed to buffaloes. The 2nd and 3rd treatments were 0.5% calcium-propionate-treated CSC and 1.0% sodium-bentonite-treated CSC, respectively. Each group had 4 multiparous buffaloes. The buffaloes given 0.5% calcium propionate CSC …

Biochemical And Physiological Responses Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) To Heatstress, Umair Younas, Muhammad Abdullah, Jalees Ahmed Bhatti, Nisar Ahmed, Faisal Shahzad, Musadiq Idris, Sana Tehseen, Muhammad Junaid, Saima Tehseen, Saeed Ahmed

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was designed with an objective to evaluate the impact of various strategies to alleviate heat stress on certain physiological attributes viz. respiratory rate (RT), body surface temperature (BST), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR); biochemical attributes viz. glucose, total protein (TP), and cholesterol; and endocrinological parameters (tri-iodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) of the Nili-Ravi buffaloes during early summer season. Lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n = 20) with close production and parity stage were divided into four treatment groups as group A (control group under roof shades only), B (experimental group under roof shades with antistress supplementation), C (experimental group …

Growth, Fattening Performance, And Carcass Characteristics Of Saanen, Turkish Hair ×Saanen, And Honamlı × Saanen Crossbred Kids, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Özkan Elmaz, Mehmet Sari, Hakan Üstüner, Şükran Kuleaşan, Mustafa Saatci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was carried out to investigate the possibilities of obtaining slaughtered kids using indigenous breeds in Saanen flocks, which does not require breeding. The birth weights were 3.22 kg, 3.05 kg, and 3.18 kg for the Saanen, Turkish Hair × Saanen (F$_{1}$), and Honamlı × Saanen (F$_{1}$) crossbred kids, respectively. The mean live weight values of the same genotypes at the end of fattening (146th day) were determined as 25.96 kg, 27.11 kg, and 29.57 kg for the male kids, respectively. The cold carcass weights and dressing percentage (%) of the same genotypes were determined to be 10.95 kg, …

Prevalence Of Ectoparasites On A Stray Cat Population From "Town Of Knowledge" Kotasamarahan, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, Naim Che Kamaruddin, Madinah Adrus, Wan Nurainie Wan Ismail

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Stray cats survive on their own and scavenge the surrounding areas for food to survive. Their exploitation to investigate the prevalence of ectoparasites can be of great medical importance for humans as they harbour a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, a survey of ectoparasites on stray cats was carried out from November 2017 to March 2018 around the Town of Knowledge to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in stray cats and their potential to threaten the public health by infesting stray cats around Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. A total of 150 individuals of stray cats have been examined for …

Chemical Compounds And Gas Production Kinetics Of Annual Ryegrass Hay In Distinctnitrogen Levels And Cutting Heights, Juliana Reolon Pereira, Marcela Abbado Neres, Itacir Eloi Sandini, Ana Carolina Fluck, Olmar Antônio Denardin Costa, Laércio Ricardo Sartor

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of our work was to evaluate the chemical composition and cumulative gas production profiles of annual ryegrass hay through in vitro incubations for two cutting heights and different nitrogen fertilization doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split-plots. The nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha$^{-1}$) were distributed in the main plot and the subplots. To make the hay, the annual ryegrass was cut at heights of 5 and 10 cm from the ground, with three replications each. In the experimental area, corn was cropped in the summer and annual ryegrass pasture in the …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Factors Affecting Superovulatory Response In Embryoproduction In Simmental Cattle, Hüseyi̇n Erdem, Hasan Alkan, Tahi̇r Karaşahi̇n, Şükrü Dursun, Fatma Satilmiş, Mehmet Güler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of lactation status, days in milk (DIM), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dose, and repeated superstimulations on superovulation response and embryo yield in Simmental cattle. In the present study, 193 Simmental breed cattle (lactating, nonlactating, and heifer) were used as donors, of which 149 were superovulated only once and the other 44 were superovulated for 3 times. Progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol was applied to the donors. Starting from day 7, FSH was given intramuscularly to donors in decreasing doses twice a day for 4 days. The donors were injected with …

The Effects Of Season And Chick Sex On Certain Performance Parameters In Commercialturkey Farms In The Aegean Region, Gündüz İlsever, Pembe Di̇lara Keçi̇ci̇, Bülent Eki̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of season and sex on the production efficiency of commercial turkey farms in the Aegean Region. The data of 1161 production periods (570 male and 591 female) on 139 turkey farms between 2008 and 2017 were analysed. Daily feed consumption, feed conservation ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), performance index, and carcass weight (P < 0.001) were higher in males than females. While males and females had a similar mortality rate in the first week (P > 0.05), the mortality rate in the later stages was higher in males (P < 0.001). The mortality rate in the initial period was highest in production periods that began in winter and lowest in those that began in summer (P < 0.001). The total mortality rate was higher in the autumn group than in the spring and summer groups (P < 0.001). Rearing season × sex interaction had a significant influence on the performance characteristics investigated in the study, except for mortality rates and survival. In males, FCR was lower in the autumn and winter groups than that of the spring and summer groups (P < 0.05). The highest ADG values were observed in the summer group for males and in the winter group for females. The best performance index was in the summer group in males, and the lowest performance index was observed in the autumn group for both males and females. In conclusion, environmental arrangements are needed in order to reduce the mortality rate and improve performance in production periods that began in autumn and winter.

Oxidative Stress In Calves With Enzootic Pneumonia, Mustafa Özbek, Cumali̇ Özkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed to evaluate the oxidative stress in calves with enzootic pneumonia. Ninety calves that were 2?6 months old were used in this study. Ten of these calves were healthy and used as the control group, while 80 were diagnosed with enzootic pneumonia according to the clinical examinations. The biochemical results showed that total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and sialic acid (SA) levels were higher in calves with enzootic pneumonia than in the control group. While there was a statistically significant increase in TOS, MDA, and SA concentrations, there was not any statistically significant …

How Consumers' Consciousness And Perception Levels Affect Purchase Intention Of Organicchicken Meat In Turkey, Bi̇lge Acar Bolat, Ferhan Kaygisiz, Di̇ren Bulut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of consumers' consciousness levels through their perception levels on purchase intention towards organic chicken meat. While consciousness levels of organic chicken meat were handled in terms of animal welfare awareness and health, perception levels were dealt with in terms of food safety, price, and benefit. Structural equation modeling was used to find out which factors have a significant effect on purchase intention. As a result of the analysis, it was found that consumers' animal welfare awareness had a positive effect on food safety perception and health consciousness had a …

Selection Of Forage And Avoidance Of Predation Risk By Partially Migratory Mule Deer, Collin Jeffrey Peterson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Migration by ungulates has traditionally been thought of as a strategy that increases access to forage quality or reduces exposure to risk of predation, but the benefits of migration may be waning globally. In partially migratory populations, the persistence of both migrant and resident strategies is an intriguing ecological phenomenon, because migrants and residents often face contrasting fitness consequences. Partial migration is common in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a species that has experienced widespread declines across the western United States during recent decades. Mule deer seldom switch between migratory strategies throughout their lifetime, which may make them less resilient to …

Apparent Survival Of Snowy Plovers Varies Across Years And Between Sexes In Coastal Northern California, Justin A. Windsor

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Adult survival is one of the most influential vital rates affecting population growth of iteroparous organisms. Survival often varies annually due to environmental stochasticity. However, drastic variations in annual adult survival rates can have overwhelmingly negative impacts on population viability and growth. In many wild avian populations, adult survival varies between sexes and may owe to unequal risks associated with reproductive roles or predation; this is particularly true among shorebirds. I used mark-resight data from a 19-year study of Western Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) in coastal northern California to investigate sex-specific apparent survival of the adult population …

The Effect Of Shade Tree Species On Bird Communities In Central Kenyan Coffee Farms, Deven Kammerichs-Berke

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Shade coffee has been recognized as a well-studied example of a land-sharing management strategy that both creates habitat for tropical birds while also maintaining agricultural yield. Despite the general consensus that shade coffee is more “bird-friendly” than a sun coffee monoculture, little work has been done to investigate the effects of specific shade tree species on bird diversity and their capacity to help deliver ecosystem services. Previous studies in temperate regions have demonstrated that due to shared evolutionary histories, native plant species are better at promoting native arthropod numbers, which in turn support a greater number of birds. This study …

Impacts Of Inappropriate Human Possession Of Wildlife On The Animal’S Well-Being, Anika Frink

Honors Theses and Capstones

Wildlife rehabilitation is the temporary intervention by humans on sick or injured wild animals, who would not otherwise survive, with the goal of release. Individual states have their own guidelines for how to become a licensed rehabilitator with extensive standards in place for how to keep such wildlife. The standards help to keep the animals wild for their eventual release and to avoid side effects of Inappropriate Human Possession or IHP. IHP is when an unlicensed person attempts to rehabilitate a wild animal or to keep it as a pet. This study examines the effects of IHP on wildlife patients …

The Evolution And Development Of Chiropteran Flight, Emmaline Willis

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Elucidation Of Putative Binding Partners For The Protein Encoded By Orf149 Of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 In Goldfish (Carassius Auratus), Simon Menanteau–Ledouble, Michael Gotesman, Ebrahim Razzazi‐Fazeli, Sven M. Bergmann, Mansour El‐Matbouli

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Workflow For Constructing Social Networks From Automated Telemetry Systems, Daizaburo Shizuka, Sahas Barve, Allison Johnson, Eric L. Walters

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

1. Advances in datalogging technologies have provided a way to monitor the movement of individual animals at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales, both large and small. When used in conjunction with social network analyses, these data can provide insight into fine scale associative behaviors. The variety of technologies demand continuous progress in workflows to translate data streams from automated systems to social networks, based on biologically relevant metrics.

2. Here we present a workflow for generating flexible association matrices from automated radio-telemetry data that can be parsed into both spatial and temporal dimensions. These can then be used to generate …

Correlates Of Bird Collisions With Buildings Across Three North American Countries, Jared A. Elmore, Stephen B. Hager, Bradley J. Cosentino, Nastasha Hagemeyer, Eric Walters, Scott R. Loss, Et Al.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Collisions with buildings cause up to 1 billion bird fatalities annually in North America. Bird-building collisions have recently received increased conservation, research, and policy attention. However, efforts to reduce collisions would benefit from studies conducted at large spatial scales across multiple study sites, with standardized methods, and with consideration of species- and life history-related variation and correlates of collisions. We addressed these research needs with a coordinated data collection effort at 40 sites across North America. We estimated collision vulnerability for 40 bird species by accounting for their North American population abundance, distribution overlap with study sites, and sampling effort. …

The Natural History Of The Marsh Rice Rat, Oryzomys Palustris, In Eastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, is a common rodent in tidal marshes of eastern Virginia, including those on the barrier islands. It also is present in grassy old fields in upland habitats in the coastal plain and parts of the piedmont of Virginia. This report summarizes what has been learned in recent decades about the population biology of this species in Virginia, including aspects of behavior, density, diet, distribution, genetics, habitats, mammal associates, and reproduction.

A Survey Of The Reptiles And Amphibians At The University Of Georgia Costa Rica Field Station In San Luis De Monteverde, Costa Rica, John David Curlis, Elliot Convery Fisher, W. Kody Muhic, James Moy, Martha Garro-Cruz, José Joaquín Montero-Ramírez

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Reptiles and amphibians are experiencing declines across the globe. In Monteverde, Costa Rica, these declines and their underlying causes have been relatively well studied since the early 1990s, and many protected areas have been set aside to conserve these species. However, thorough surveys of the herpetofaunal diversity in these areas have been scarce over the last 20 years. We conducted a survey of all reptile and amphibian species at the University of Georgia Costa Rica (UGACR), a field station in San Luis de Monteverde. Herein, we present an annotated checklist of the 48 species (35 reptiles and 13 amphibians) that …