Animal Sciences Commons^™

Accumulation Of Chromium, Cadmium And Arsenic In White-Tailed Sea-Eagle Feathers (Aves:Haliaeetus Albicilla ) From The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve And Surrounding Areas(Romania), Vasile Alexe, Adrian Burada, Liliana Teodorof, Mihai Marinov, Alexandru-Catalin Doroşencu, Lucian Eugen Bolboaca, Cristina Despina, Dana Seceleanu, Marta Peraita, Marian Tudor, Janos-Botond Kiss, Dumitru Murariu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Haliaeetus albicilla is a top raptor that can be used as a model for contaminants transfer in trophic chain. In this study we studied the accumulation of three contaminants on feathers from breeding individuals of white-tailed sea-eagle collected between 2012 and 2018 in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve and its surroundings. The concentrations of two heavy metals (chromium, cadmium) and one metalloid (arsenic) were determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Chromium concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 1.33 mg/kg for juveniles and between 0.68 to 2.92 mg/kg in the case of adult birds. Cadmium concentrations in juveniles were between 0.007 to …

Revision Of Common Snipe, Gallinago Gallinago In Morphometric Analysis And Buildingthe Standard Reference Haematological Values For Further Studies, Ahmad Waheed, Kamran Jafar, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Muhammad Wajid, Shamoon Ali, Muhammad Waseem Aslam, Shabbir Ahmad

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was designed to record some morphometric and haematological parameters of common snipe, Gallinago gallinago. For this purpose, 20 individuals (10 male, 10 female) were collected from the wetlands of District Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Significant differences between the sexes were recorded in tail length, length of longest primary feather, and chest circumference. . No significant difference was recorded in haematological parameters between the sexes. Gut analysis revealed that common snipe feed mostly on Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae larvae and male and female snipes have the same food preference.

Size Of Nest Complexes, The Size Of Anthills, And Infrastructure Development In 4 Species Of Red Wood Ants (Formica Rufa, F. Polyctena, F. Aquilonia, F. Lugubris) (Hymenoptera; Formicidae), Stanislav Stukalyuk, Alexey Gilev, Igor Antonov, Maksym Netsvetov

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Studying four species of red wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris), we examined nest morphometrics (height and diameter of anthills), spatial parameters (location of anthills of different sizes relative to each other), and the number of trails per colony in three regions of Ukraine and Russia: Kyiv region (877 anthills), the Urals (274 anthills) and Cis-Baikal (72 anthills). We have established a relationship between the number of anthills in the nest complex and the maximum parameters of the average height and diameter, as well as the average number of trails. Under optimal conditions, the infrastructure of …

Molecular Identification Of Eriophyoid Mites In Thrace Using The 28s And Coi Genes, Emre İnak, Evsel Deni̇zhan, Esengül Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Eriophyoid mites are recognized as the second most economically important group among the Acari following spider mites. The identification of eriopyhoid mites traditionally based on morphological characters. However, the size of these diagnostic structures is very small and this often causes misidentification of species. In this study, we used DNA-based identification for five eriophyoid species collected from the Thrace region of Turkey (Aceria erinea, Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae, Eriophyes pyri, Aceria massalongoi, Colomerus vitis collected from Juglans regia L., Ficus carica L., Pyrus communis L., Vitex-agnus castus L., Vitis vinifera L., respectively) using both cytochrome oxidase subunit I (MW396744-MW396748) and 28S rRNA …

Male-Biased In-Water Population Of Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta Caretta ) In Dalyan, Turkey As Apossible Important Marine Turtle Area In The Mediterranean, Doğan Sözbi̇len, Eyup Başkale, Yakup Kaska

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, we present the first in-water monitoring results of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Köyceğiz-Dalyan specially protected area (SPA), Turkey. The capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study encompassed a total of 113 capture events of 88 individuals across two sampling years. The majority of the population was adults (88.6%) with a highly male-biased (70.5%) sex ratio. Our results indicate that some of the overwintering individuals also contribute to the nesting population in the region. Biometric characteristics of captured individuals were also presented. Additionally, we found the population to be under heavy anthropogenic threats with 54.5% of the captured individuals exhibiting results …

A Lessepsian Invader Round Herring (Etrumeus Golanii) With High Genetic Diversitywithout Bottlenecking In The Northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Solmaz Ezgi̇ Çi̇ftci̇, Fevzi̇ Bardakci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of round herring in the Turkish seas were determined using sequence data of mitochondrial DNA control region. Round herring, Etrumeus golanii samples were collected from three localities along the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea, (Gulf of İskenderun and Gulf of Antalya) and southern Aegean Sea (Gulf of Marmaris). Genetic variability was high both within and between the populations based on haplotype diversity values. The results have shown that each population has a high genetic diversity with unique mtDNA haplotypes with unique genetic structure. The most important factor in the emergence …

Interspecific And Intraspecific Size And Shape Variation In Skull Of Two Closely Relatedspecies Bufo Bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) And Bufo Verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) From Turkey, Nazan Üzüm, Nurhayat Özdemi̇r, Canteki̇n Dursun, Bi̇lal Kutrup, Serkan Gül

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Anurans are the most suitable vertebrate group to see the development and also evolution in the skull, compared to other terrestrial vertebrates as they show highly derived morphology. For this reason, the cranium of anurans has been widely used for analyzing e.g., development and integration, evolutionary history, phylogenetic relationships, sexual dimorphism; and for taxon determination. We applied geometric morphometric techniques and then multivariate statistical analyses to see the skull size and shape variations in closely related Bufo species (B. bufo and B. verrucosissimus) inhabiting Turkey. Females have larger skull than males for both species. Ventral skull size of males differed …

Review On Antimicrobial Peptides From Malaysian Amphibian Resources: Status, Researchapproaches And Ways Forward, Dasi Ong, Shahriza Shahrudin, Mohd Nazri Ismail

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to human health globally. Diseases caused by AMR are getting more challenging to cure due to the increasing rate of resistance of microbial pathogens. Drugs formulated with antimicrobial peptide (AMP) can be applied to treat these diseases. AMPs are found naturally within organisms, especially amphibians, and is related to the high adaptability of defence mechanisms against various pathogens and predators in the environment. This review focuses on the current status of research works and the different approaches applied to stimulate and collect amphibian secretions, extract and identify peptides, and conduct antimicrobial assays. The …

Spatial Variation Of Larval Ascaridoid Nematode (Nematoda: Chromadorea: Ascaridoidea)Infections In The Black Sea Anchovy (Engraulis Encrasicolus), Gi̇zem Akkuş, Ali̇ Cemal Gücü

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study evaluates the Black Sea anchovy population infected by parasitic Ascaridoid Nematode larva in the Southern Black Sea. It assesses the larva?s effect on fish body condition, energy stored in the body, and anchovy growth. For this, anchovies sampled on July 10-31, 2018, from 30 different stations were examined, and 11.8% of the 825 anchovies were found infected. The observed infection rate was higher on the western side of the study area, suggesting that this rate may be used as a biomarker for the western stock. Age and size of the anchovies play a significant role in the prevalence. …

Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships In The Common Vole (Microtus Arvalis) Based Onmitochondrial And Nuclear Sequence Diversities, Derya Çeti̇ntürk, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Georgi̇ Markov, Dusko Cirovic, Mihály Márton

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The common vole Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) is the most widespread Microtus species. It has two forms - the European arvalis form (2n: 46, NF: 84) and the Asian obscurus form (2n: 46, NF: 72). The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of M. arvalis populations distributed in Eastern Turkey, Europe and Asia by analysing two mitochondrial (CYTB and COX1) and one nuclear (IRBP) markers. Phylogenetic dendrograms (median-joining networks and Bayesian trees) constructed using the mitochondrial markers clearly separated the Anatolian population from the European and Asian populations. Contrarily, any explicit differentiation was not shown in IRBP analyses. …

Status And Distribution Of The Striped Hyaena, Hyaena Hyaena, In Turkey: An Updatedassessment (Carnivora: Mammalia), Mühsi̇n Çoğal, Yasi̇n İlemi̇n, Mustafa Sözen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena, extends its distribution in the north into Turkey, where it has always been rare. In a status assessment conducted by Kasparek et al. in 2004, it was shown that the species is at the brink of extinction. We compiled information from different sources including a press survey and camera trapping in different parts of the country. The situation has even deteriorated since then. The population has strongly decreased, in particular, in the Marmara and Mediterranean regions, and presently the species survives in Western Anatolia only in some small relict populations in Manisa, İzmir, Muğla, and …

Diversity Of Bats In Three Selected Forest Types In Peninsular Malaysia, Nursyereen Mohd Nasir, Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir, Rosli Ramli

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Bats, occupying a variety of habitats, play important roles in the tropical forest. Through this study, comparisons on bat species richness and evenness in primary forest, secondary forest, and urban forest were made. Sampling was conducted between 18:30 PM and 06:30 AM using 10 mist-nets and four harp traps for three consecutive nights at the primary and secondary forest of Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve and urban forest in the Universiti Malaya Botanical Garden. This study progressed from February 2012 until April 2014. A total number of 1226 individuals representing 46 species were managed to be captured throughout the period of …

First Report Of The Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips Dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) In Turkey, Ekrem Atakan, Serkan Pehli̇van

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was reported for the first time in Adana Province, Turkey in October, 2020 on blueberries [Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae)]. Its heavy infestation was detected on the vegetative parts of the blueberries. In this short communication, a brief summary of its diagnosis and damage as well as its economic importance in the region is provided.

Positioning Entomopathogenic Nematodes For The Future Viticulture: Exploring Their Use Against Biotic Threats And As Bioindicators Of Soil Health, Raquel Campos-Herrera, Ignacio Vicente-Díez, Rubén Blanco-Pérez, Maryam Chelkha, María Del Mar González-Trujillo, Miguel Puelles, Rasa Cepulité, Alicia Pou

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Vineyards face several biotic threats that compromise the grape quality and quantity. Among those that cause relevant economic impact and have worldwide distribution are the oomycete Plasmopara vitícola, the fungi Erysiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, and the arthropods Lobesia botrana, Tetranychus urticae, and Phylaenus spumarius (principal vector of the bacterial disease Xylella fastidiosa in Europe). Their management relies primarily on agrochemicals with short persistence; widespread use of these chemicals causes environmental and human health problems. The challenge of sustainable viticulture is to provide ecologically sound alternatives. In this regard, the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and natural products derived from …

The Lure Of Hidden Death: Development Of An Attract-And-Kill Strategy Against Wireworms Combining Semiochemicals And Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Diana La Forgia, Pamela Bruno, Raquel Campos-Herrera, Ted Turlings, Francois Verheggen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Wireworms are polyphagous soil-dwelling pests that are hard to control. Attract-and-kill strategies, combining attractive semiochemicals with biocontrol agents, have great promise to control insect pests. We hypothesized that the combination of plant semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in an attract-and-kill system could greatly enhance the nematodes' efficiency against wireworms. We evaluated the potential of alginate beads loaded with plant extracts and EPNs to control Agriotes obscurus. We tested the efficiency to kill wireworms or to reduce their feeding activity when combining potato tuber extracts as attractants with any of seven different EPN populations. While a direct application of EPNs on …

Assessment Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Their Symbiotic Bacteria To Control The Stink Bugs Euschistus Heros And Dichelops Melacanthus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) In The Soybean-Corn Succession System, Samanta Letícia Lopes Nanzer, Gustavo Henrique Recchia, Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco, Raphael Satochi Abe Silva, Jorge Franco Maringoli Cardoso, Luis Garrigós Leite

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros and the green-belly stink bug Dichelops melacanthus are the most important pests today for the succession system of soy-corn in Brazil. Dichelops melacanthus attacks the emerging shoot (epicotyl) of corn plants at the seedling stage of their development, remaining and reproducing on the straw over generations. Euschistus heros, on the other hand, feeds directly on the grains and lodge under fallen leaves after the soybean harvest, due to the absence of another crop host. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are capable of killing insects due to their ability to search for the host in the …

Indiscriminate Ingestion Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Their Symbiotic Bacteria By Aedes Aegypti Larvae: A Novel Strategy To Control The Vector Of Chikungunya, Dengue And Yellow Fever., Farooq A. Shah, Mostafa M. Abdoarrahem, Colin Berry, Mustapha Touray, Selçuk Hazir, Tariq M. Butt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti actively ingested entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria, resulting in larval mortality. All six EPN species evaluated in this study were pathogenic to Ae. aegypti but varied significantly in their virulence. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae were most virulent, H. megidis and S. kraussei showed the least virulence, whereas H. downesi and S. feltiae had intermediate virulence. Larval mortality was dose dependent for all EPN species. When using a dose of 100 infective juveniles (IJs) per larva, H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae caused 90%-100% mortality, whereas H. downesi and S. feltiae …

Compatibility Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes With Plant Extracts And Post-Exposure Virulence Test Under Laboratory Condition, Adeola Abiola Oso, Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The efficacy of both botanical pesticides and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is largely dose-dependent and driven by environmental conditions. Combination of the EPNs and botanicals may enhance their efficacy; thus, we investigated the compatibility of the medicinal plants Alepidea amatymbica and Elephantorrhiza elephantina with five locally isolated EPN strains, three Steinernema (S. khoisanae, S. biddulphi and S. innovationi) and two Heterorhabditis (H. bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis sp. SGI 244). The experiments were designed to evaluate EPNs survival in plant extracts extracted using water and ethanol at 1%, 0.75%, 0.50%, 0.25% and 0.125% concentrations and nematode viability post-exposure. A concentration of 1000 IJs/mL …

Determining Some Biological Parameters Of Aenasius Arizonensis (Girault)(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) On Cotton Mealybug And The Rate Of Parasitism In Fieldconditions, Doğancan Kahya, Asi̇me Fi̇li̇z Çalişkan Keçe, Mehmet Ri̇fat Ulusoy

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the primary parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Some biological parameters of this parasitoid have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine biological parameters of A.arizonensis at 25 °C, 65% R.H, 16 : 8 L : D with age-stage two-sex life table and effectiveness of this parasitoid in field conditions in Turkey. The results showed that pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of A. arizonensis were calculated as 1.5, 26, and 3.1 days, respectively. In addition, total mean longevity was determined as 31 days for female and 18 days for …

Susceptibility Of Agriotes Larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) To "Stress And Kill" Strategies Using Spinosad And The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Brunneum., Pierre Antoine Bourdon, Ian Baxter, Giselher Grabenweger, Tariq Mahmud Butt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Wireworms (Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes sordidus) are major pests of arable crops. Damage caused by these subterranean pests has increased following the withdrawal of many traditional synthetic insecticides. Wireworms are susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Metarhizium. The aim of this study was to determine if exposure of different wireworm species to sublethal doses of the insecticide spinosad altered their susceptibility to different strains of Metarhizium brunneum. Of the three wireworm species studied, A. obscurus was the most susceptible species to the isolates of M. brunneum tested, while A. lineatus and A. sordidus were not affected by …

Larvicidal, And Cytoxicity Of Lepidium Sativum L. Seed Extract Against Culex Pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Lamya Ahmed Al- Keridis, Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. Almekhlafi, Amin A. Al-Doaiss, Thikra A. N. Almashaan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this work, we investigated the larvicidal, ovicidal, and histopathological alterations induced by Lepidium sativum seed extracts in Culex pipiens. Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents were used for the seed extraction. Only ethyl acetate seed extract was active against the third instar mosquito larvae of Cx. pipiens. The ethyl acetate extract had an LC$_{50}$ of 27.03 ?g/mL. Egg hatchability was between 95% (25 μg/mL) and 5% (200 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate treated larvae showed protruding epithelial cells, and degraded microvilli. The total phenolic content was 0.3 ± 0.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g in the ethyl acetate extract. …

Seasonal Variation In Home-Range And Core-Area Size In Verreaux's Sifaka, Brynn Harshbarger

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Primates living in seasonal forests must adapt to extreme fluctuation in resource availability. Verreaux’s sifaka ( ) live in Madagascar’s highly seasonal tropical dry forests and experience periods of extreme resource abundance and scarcity. Home- range and core-area size were measured using 95% and 50% kernel estimation, and 95% minimum convex polygons to compare seasonal shifts in space use based on resource availability. There have been no long-term space use studies on Verreaux’s sifaka; therefore, we do not know how their space use changes over time in an environment which is both highly seasonal and highly variable. Our study leverages …

Assessing The Toxicity Of A Reconstituted Water Simulating Streams Influenced By Mountaintop Mining In Central Appalachia, Benjamin David Browning

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Freshwater ecosystems in Central Appalachia experience increased concentrations of manganese (Mn) and total dissolved solids from the runoff of surface mines and valley fills. Biological communities have been impacted by these surface mining operations and it has been suggested that the increase in total dissolved solids may contribute to these negative effects, but standard laboratory toxicity tests have not found increased concentrations of total dissolved solids to have such negative effects as seen in the field. The elevated total dissolved solids in mining influenced streams may only be toxic in conjunction with another toxicant that is presence in these systems …

Understanding Metrics Of Stress In The Context Of Invasion History: The Case Of The Brown Treesnake (Boiga Irregularis), Natalie Claunch, Ignacio Moore, Heather L. Waye, Laura Schoenle, Samantha J. Oakey, Robert N. Reed, Christina Romagosa

Biology Publications

Invasive species can exert rapid depletion of resources after introduction and, in turn, affect their own population density. Additionally, management actions can have direct and indirect effects on demography. Physiological variables can predict demographic change but are often restricted to snapshots-in-time and delayed confirmation of changes in population density reduces their utility. To evaluate the relationships between physiology and demography, we assessed metrics of individual and demographic stress (baseline and 1-h corticosterone (CORT), body condition and bacterial killing ability) in the invasive snake Boiga irregularis on Guam collected in intervals of 10–15 years. We also assessed potential discrepancies between different …

Red Drum And Spotted Seatrout Live-Release Tournament Mortality And Dispersal, T. Reid Nelson, Crystal Hightower, Sean P. Powers

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Although catch-and-release fishing tournaments undoubtedly reduce mortality of target species, postrelease mortality and fish stockpiling at release sites remain common concerns related to these tournaments. The impacts of liverelease tournaments on freshwater species have been widely studied. However, research on estuarine sport fishes is lacking even though catch-and-release tournaments targeting these species are prevalent and popular recreational fisheries exist. Therefore, we estimated the post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus and Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus released from the 2016–2018 Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Rodeo live-weigh-in categories using acoustic telemetry. To concurrently estimate overall post-weigh-in mortality and dispersal, we …

Wpa News 116 (2021), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (Winter 2021), number 116

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Diverse Demographic Factors Influence Apparent Juvenile Survival In A Migratory Songbird, Emma M. White, Noah G. Perlut, Steven E. Travis, Allan Strong

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

To better understand the dynamics of avian populations and their role in population trends, we require an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the survival of adults and juveniles. How-ever, assessing survival in juveniles is often challenging, especially in small, migratory species where individuals typically disperse from the study area and are not available for recapture in subsequent years. Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) are a long-distance migrant that exhibits natal philopatry in at least one population, allowing for more comprehensive juvenile survival analyses than in many other long-distance avian migrants. Using a 17-yr dataset from two sites representing a …

Management Schemes, Not Philopatry Or Breeding Experience, Affect Nest Success Of Two Songbirds In Vermont Hayfields, Kylie Denny, Noah G. Perlut, Allan Strong

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Songbirds can benefit from natal philopatry through prior knowledge about site‐specific resources and local adaptation to environmental conditions. Likewise, breeding experience may also play a role in reproductive success. However, for birds that breed in managed habitats, management activities may overwhelm any potential benefits of philopatry or breeding experience. We examined the effect of site fidelity on reproductive success in 1,823 bobolink and Savannah sparrow nests in agricultural grasslands in Vermont, USA. From 2003–2019 we monitored the nests of 51 female Savannah sparrows and 72 female bobolinks that returned to breed on or near fields in which they hatched between …

Data Repository For "North American Porcupine Distribution In The Pacific Northwest And Evaluation Of A Non-Invasive Monitoring Technique", Cara L. Appel, Katie M. Moriarty, Sean M. Matthews, David S. Green, Stacy Anderson, Evan King, J Scott Yaeger, Jeremy Brown, Claire Bortot, Tim Bean

Research Data Sets

North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) have a broad geographic distribution across much of the continent, but recent evidence suggests that their populations may be declining in some areas, including the Pacific Northwest. Estimating baseline historical and contemporary distributions of Porcupines is necessary for initiating monitoring efforts and, if necessary, informing strategic conservation actions. We compiled 1905 occurrence records of Porcupines in Washington, Oregon, and northern California from 1908 to 2018. Using maximum entropy modeling (Maxent), we created historical and contemporary distribution models based on Porcupine records from 1981–2010 and 2012–2018, respectively, to match the temporal scale of available …

Data Repository For "Use Of Redwood Basal Hollows By Bats: A Focus On The Townsend’S Big-Eared Bat On The North Coast Of California", Amon J. Armstrong

Research Data Sets

Loss of roosting resources, either through disturbance or removal, negatively affects bats. Identifying sensitive species and determining roost requirements are critical components in conserving their habitat. Cavity roosting bats on the North Coast of California are known to use hollows in large redwood trees. In this study, we examined the factors determining the use of basal tree hollows by different bat species at eight redwood forest sites in Del Norte, Humboldt, and Mendocino Counties, California. Bat guano was collected from 179 basal hollow roosts from 2017 to 2018, and guano mass was used as an index of roosting activity. Nine …