Animal Sciences Commons^™

Enzyme-Treated Yeast Fed To Coccidia-Challenged Broiler Chickens, Emmanuel O. Alagbe, Hagen Schulze, Olayiwola Adeola

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry. Research has shown that may serve as healthier alternatives to coccidiostats.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated yeast (EY) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and health of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens. 480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of EY (0, 1, or 2 g/kg). Dietary EY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens. However, dietary EY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia …

Functional Annotation Of The Animal Genomes: An Integrated Annotation Resource For The Horse, Sichong Peng, Anna R. Dahlgren, Callum G. Donnelly, Erin N. Hales, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Rebecca R. Bellone, Ted Kalbfleisch, Carrie J. Finno

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The genomic sequence of the horse has been available since 2009, providing critical resources for discovering important genomic variants regarding both animal health and population structures. However, to fully understand the functional implications of these variants, detailed annotation of the horse genome is required. Due to the limited availability of functional data for the equine genome, as well as the technical limitations of short-read RNAseq, existing annotation of the equine genome contains limited information about important aspects of gene regulation, such as alternate isoforms and regulatory elements, which are either not transcribed or transcribed at a very low level. To …

Initial Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Australian Fisheries Production, Research Organisations And Assessment: Shocks, Responses And Implications For Decision Support And Resilience, Emily M. Ogier, David C. Smith, Sian Breen, Caleb Gardner, Daniel J. Gaughan, Harry K. Gorfine, Alistair J. Hobday, Natalie Moltschaniwskyj, Ryan Murphy, Thor Saunders, Michael Steer, James Woodhams

Fisheries Research Articles

Australia’s fisheries have experience in responding individually to specific shocks to stock levels (for example, marine heatwaves, floods) and markets (for example, global financial crisis, food safety access barriers). The COVID-19 pandemic was, however, novel in triggering a series of systemic shocks and disruptions to the activities and operating conditions for all Australia’s commercial fisheries sectors including those of the research agencies that provide the information needed for their sustainable management. While these disruptions have a single root cause—the public health impacts and containment responses to the COVID-19 pandemic—their transmission and effects have been varied. We examine both the impacts …

2022-2023 Christmas Bird Counts, Don Paseka

Nebraska Bird Review

Sixteen counts were run in the 2022-2023 CBC season. Because of weather and rescheduling issues, the Crawford, Harrison, and Harlan County counts were cancelled. Eight of the counts were completed during the first week of the count period and the other eight were scattered throughout the remainder of the count period. An early December cold snap seemed to drive many of the birds south, but the weather on actual count days was fairly benign: mostly dry with an average high of 34˚F and an average low of 19˚F and with three circles reporting light snow. The total number of species …

The Nebraska Bird Review: A Magazine Of Ornithology Of The Nebraska Region. Volume 91, Number 1. March 2023, Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union

Nebraska Bird Review

Winter Field Report, Dec. 2022 - Feb. 2023 by W. Ross Silcock

Annual Color Photo Section

Annual Treasurer's Report for 2022 by Jan Johnson

Subscription and Organization Information

Associations Between Preweaning Calf Feeding Behaviors With Age At First Calving And Lactational Performance Using An Automatic Calf Feeder, Turner H. Swartz, Christina Petersson-Wolfe

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

The objective of this retrospective observational study was to determine whether preweaning calf behaviors and milk replacer (MR) intake from an automatic calf feeder were associated with age at first calving and first-lactation performance. Calves were housed in groups with access to an automatic calf feeder for 7 wk with a maximum milk allowance of 1,800 g/d of MR (12 L/d). Outcomes of interest included age at first calving (n = 137), first-lactation mature-equivalent 305-d (ME305) milk yield (n = 132), and first-lactation ME305 energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield (n = 132). Linear models included the fixed effects of the daily …

Grow-Out Culture Of Oyster Magallana Bilineata (Röding, 1798) Using Pouches: A Comparison Of Growth And Survival In The River And Earthen Pond, Ma. Junemie Hazel L. Lebata-Ramos, Ellen Flor D. Solis, Mark Jude C. Almeida

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Oysters are among the most in-demand aquaculture commodities in the Philippines and worldwide. With the decreasing culture area and the deteriorating water quality of oyster beds, there is a need to explore new culture sites and techniques to address the problems of dwindling stocks and the increasing demand for better quality oysters. This study compared the growth and survival of the oysters Magallana bilineata, the new accepted name of Crassostrea iredalei, cultured in an earthen pond and the river using pouches suspended from rafts. Mean growth rates of oysters in length and weight were significantly higher in those …

Reducing Broiler Breast Myopathies Through Supplementation Of Guanidinoacetic Acid In Broiler Diets, C. J. Maynard, D. S. Nelson, S. J. Rochell, C. M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Performance and processing advantages have been noted in meat animal production when excess arginine is available in the diet. In addition, dietary inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has provided insight on sparing arginine for broiler chickens. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess dietary inclusion of GAA on broiler breast myopathy prevalence. Dietary treatments were established using a control basal diet fed over four feeding phases and treatments were allocated as an additional supplementation of 0.06% (GAA 0.06) and 0.12% (GAA 0.12) in the form of CreAMINO (Alzchem Group, Trostberg, Germany). Bi-weekly BW, body weight gain (BWG …

Characterization Of Growth Patterns And Carcass Characteristics Of Male And Female Broilers From Four Commercial Strains Fed High Or Low Density Diets, C. J. Maynard, C. W. Maynard, A. R. Jackson, M. T. Kidd, S. J. Rochell, C. M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Over the last few decades, the poultry industry has seen the emergence of various market segments that are beneficial for rearing various flock sizes. Two concurrent experiments consisting of 1,200 broilers each were conducted to evaluate the effects of broiler size and diet on the performance of four commercially available broiler strains, including 2 standard yielding (SY) and 2 high yielding (HY) strains. Within each experiment (Experiment 1: males, Experiment 2: females), a small bird (38 and 40 d processing) and big bird (47 and 54 d processing) debone market were targeted to give variable carcass …

Remembering Paul Johnsgard, Linda R, Brown, Josef Kren

Zea E-Books Collection

Paul A. Johnsgard (1931–2021) was a friend of many, an artist, prolific author, teacher, and humble admirer of all living creatures. It was impossible to find someone at Nebraska Audubon Society or Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union meetings who did not know Paul Johnsgard. His more than 100 published books made him known not just in a community of ornithologists, birdwatchers, and bird lovers in the United States but also abroad. He was a world-renowned ornithologist and naturalist who remained deeply embedded in his local culture and its prairie environment.

We invited about 75 people to write a short memory of Paul. …

Prairie Dogs, Gary Witmer, Jon Grant, Kendra Cross

Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series

Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) occur throughout the prairie states of middle North America from Mexico northward into Canada. They occupy a variety of habitats from prairies to high mountain valleys and sage brush-dominated deserts. The most common species is the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus; Figure 1). Prairie dogs are considered a “keystone species.” They provide habitat for many other native, grassland species. Prairie dogs live in colonies or “towns” that can span hundreds to thousands of acres. Depending on the species, their presence is evident by their burrow system. Despite the many ecosystem benefits prairie dogs provide by modifying …

Annual Treasurer's Report For 2022, Jan Johnson

Nebraska Bird Review

No abstract provided.

Winter Field Report, Dec. 2022 - Feb. 2023, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

Since this is a Winter Seasonal Report, it seems appropriate to lead off with notable reports of occurrences that might be considered unexpected for midwinter, of which there were several. A range of species was involved, suggesting an encompassing cause such as climate change. Of interest were northerly wintering groups of waterfowl including Gadwall, Green-winged Teal, Canvasback, Ringnecked Duck, and Hooded Merganser. Reports of wintering Tundra Swans, Whitewinged Doves, and Lesser Goldfinches continue to increase, and numerous Redwinged Blackbirds in the northeast in midwinter were unexpected. Also quite unexpected were two Sandhill Cranes wintering in the east, the state’s first …

The Nebraska Bird Review Annual Color Photo Section

Nebraska Bird Review

Virginia Rail and chick, Washboard Road, North Platte, Lincoln Co., 28 June 2023. Photo by Boni Edwards.

American Coot, Eagle Scout Lake, Hall Co., April 2020. Photo by Colleen Childers.

Hudsonian Godwit, Marsh Wren Community Wetlands, Lancaster Co., 21 May 2022. Photo by Kirill Belashchenko.

American Avocet, N.P. Dodge Park, Omaha, Douglas Co., 2 May 2023. Photo by Thane Dinsdale

Female Cape May Warbler, photographer's backyard, Bellevue, Sarpy Co., 10 May 2022. Photo by Loren Padelford.

Male Cape May Warbler, Ft. Niobrara NWR, Cherry Co., 13 May 2022. Photo by Gordon Warrick.

Tennessee Warbler, Fontenelle Forest Wetlands, Sarpy Co., 24 …

Slo City Riparian Grazing Project Handbook, Jasmine Bramble, Marina Gutierrez

Animal Science

A handbook for future leads on this project. This project is about the vegetation surveying of several segments of Prefumo and San Luis creeks that flow through the city of San Luis Obispo. The city needs to open up the undergrowth in the creeks to allow crews to find and clear out debris for flood and fire prevention. We are mapping the vegetation to help Beth Reynolds plan where to set up temporary grazing units for her goats, and we will be photographing the condition of the creek (riparian) channels before the grazing begins and after in order to document …

Best Practice Marking Of Lambs, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Lambs should be marked between two and 12 weeks of age, with the youngest animal in the mob at least 24 hours old, to ensure the formation of a maternal bond. If lambing extends for more than six weeks, consider having two mulesing/marking sessions.

Lambs should be tail docked using a gas-heated knife or rubber rings and mulesing should only be carried out when necessary.

The provision of pain relief with routine husbandry procedures benefits animal health and welfare and is now a consumer and community expectation. Producers have access to registered products that can relieve pain associated with mulesing, …

The Strength Of Migratory Connectivity In Painted Buntings Is Spatial Scale Dependent And Shaped By Molting Behavior, Andrew J. Sharp, Andrea Contina, Viviana Ruiz-Gutiérrez,, T. Scott Sillett, Eli S. Bridge, Elizabeth M. Besozzi, John A. Muller, Jeffrey Kelly, Aaron M. Given, Clark S. Rushing

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

As migratory species move through the stages of their annual cycle, individuals often display variation in the degree to which they remain in proximity to one another, a phenomenon called migratory connectivity. We show scale dependence in the strength of migratory connectivity in Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris), a North American passerine with disjunct eastern and interior breeding populations. Based on light-level geolocator data from 112 individuals at 11 breeding sites, migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds was strong at the range-wide scale, with interior and eastern Painted Buntings remaining separated throughout the annual cycle. Conversely, migratory connectivity …

Building Artificial Reefs From Recycled Construction Materials: A Feasibility Study, Nicholas H. Lew

Construction Management

Naturally occurring reefs are some of the world’s most biologically diverse ecosystems formed by jagged rocks tucked slightly below sea level. In recent years global warming began to pose a major threat to many reef habitats. Most relevant is the increase in surface seawater temperatures that cause coral to bleach, taking away major food sources for larger marine species. Researchers have combated this by deploying artificial reefs in substitution for naturally formed limestone rock formations in order to promote the expansion of coastal habitats. This project specifically aims to utilize construction waste towards the production of artificial reefs, effectively upcycling …

Differential Impacts Of Cereal And Protein Sources Fed To Pigs After Weaning On Diarrhoea And Faecal Shedding Of Escherichia Coli, Production, And Total Tract Apparent Digestibility, John R. Pluske, Bruce P. Mullan, Jae Cheol Kim, David J. Hampson

Animal production and livestock research articles

Different cereal types, in combination with different protein sources, are fed to pigs after weaning, but their interactions and possible implications are not well researched. In this study, 84 male weaned piglets were used in a 21-day feeding trial to investigate the effects of feeding either medium-grain or long-grain extruded rice or wheat, in a factorial combination with protein sources of either vegetable or animal origin, on postweaning performance, shedding of β–haemolytic Escherichia coli, and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD). Pigs fed either rice type performed the same (p > 0.05) as wheat-fed pigs after weaning. The use …

Dear Duck-Billed Platypus, Michael J. Leach Dr

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

This piece is a concrete poem that both shows and describes the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).

Factors Affecting Presence And Occupancy Of Marabou Storks (Leptoptilos Crumeniferus) At Abattoirs And Slaughter Slabs Near Jinja, Uganda, Elena Arroway

DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive

This study examined the factors affecting the presence and occupancy of marabou storks at abattoirs and slaughter slabs near Jinja, Uganda. The average number of storks per unit area was compared across different areas within one large abattoir, including an analysis of the presence of free food, human disturbance, and other scavenging birds (pied crow, piapiac, spur-winged lapwing, and cattle egrets). Occupancy across two abattoirs and one slaughter slab was compared and related to the number of animals slaughtered daily at the facility. Direct observations at abattoirs and slaughter slabs were conducted for ten minutes with five minutes between observations. …

Journal Of Dairy Science® 2022 Editorial Report, Paul J. Kononoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In 2022, the 105th volume of the Journal of Dairy Science was published. As we review the journal’s last year, it may be useful to reflect on the purpose of scientific publishing. This can be simply stated as the dissemination of results that extends knowledge to open the door for new concepts or advances in the field (Chan, 2018). Similar to other journals, in addition to original research articles, Journal of Dairy Science also publishes invited reviews and other paper types to pursue this purpose. The journal also has other valuable roles. For example, scientific journals actively support authors in …

Factors Associated With Intensity Of Technology Adoption And With The Adoption Of 4 Clusters Of Precision Livestock Farming Technologies In Irish Pasture-Based Dairy Systems, P. Palma-Molina, T Hennessy, A. H. O'Connor, S. Onakuse, Niall O'Leary, B. Moran, L. Shalloo

Publications

Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies have been widely promoted as important tools to improve the sustainability of dairy systems due to perceived economic, social, and environmental benefits. However, there is still limited information about the level of adoption of PLF technologies (percentage of farms with a PLF technology) and the factors (farm and farmer characteristics) associated with PLF technology adoption in pasture-based dairy systems. The current research aimed to address this knowledge gap by using a representative survey of Irish pasture-based dairy farms from 2018. First, we established the levels of adoption of 9 PLF technologies (individual cow activity sensors, …

Application Of Eugenol In Poultry To Control Salmonella Colonization And Spread, Mohammed Aljuwayd, Israa Abdullah Malli, Young Min Kwon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The poultry sector is an essential component of agriculture that has experienced unprecedented growth during the last few decades. It is especially true for the United States, where the average intake of chicken meat increased from 10 pounds (4.5 kg) per person in 1940 to 65.2 pounds (29.6 kg) per person in 2018, while the country produced 113 billion eggs in 2019 alone. Besides providing nutrition and contributing significantly to the economy, chicken is also a natural reservoir of Salmonella, which is responsible for salmonellosis in humans, one of the significant foodborne illnesses around the globe. The increasing use of …

A New Species Of Scorpio From Jordan (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae), Mohammad Al-Saraireh, Ersen A. Yağmur, Bassam Abu Afifeh, Zuhair Amr

Euscorpius

A new species Scorpio granulomanus sp. n. is described and illustrated from Dibbeen Forest, Jerash Governorate, Jordan. The new species is compared with the previously recorded species of the genus Scorpio L., 1758 in the Middle East; it can be distinguished from all other congeners by its very large, pointed granules on the dorsoexternal surface of the chela manus, and an untypically elongated chela manus.

Investigating The Reptilian Innate Immune System: A Review And Examination Of The Relationship Between Immunity, Stress, And Reproduction, Emily Katherine Field

Student Theses and Dissertations

Ecoimmunology examines the relationship between the physiology of an organism, its immune responses, and the external environment. As such, this field is critical to answering important questions in ecology, physiology, and evolution, and it can be vital in making policy and conservation decisions. As the only ectothermic amniotes, class Reptilia represents a group of unique study organisms. However, in comparison to other vertebrate taxa, this group has remained relatively understudied in the field of ecoimmunology. Though reptilian immunology has gained some attention in the last decade, we still lack data assessing immunity across the four orders of class Reptilia. Immune …

Periconceptual Maternal Nutrition Affects Fetal Liver Programming Of Energy- And Lipid-Related Genes, Wellison J. S. Diniz, Alison K. Ward, Kacie L. Mccathy, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Friederike Baumgaertner, Lawrence P. Reynolds, Pawel P. Borowicz, Kevin K. Sedivec, James D. Kirsch, Sheri T. Dorsam, Tammi L. Neville, J. Chris Forcherio, Ronald Scott, Joel S. Caton, Carl R. Dahlen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

During pregnancy, the fetus relies on the dam for its nutrient supply. Nutritional stimuli during fetal organ development can program hepatic metabolism and function. Herein, we investigated the role of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NoVTM—at least 71 days pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and rate of weight gain (low (LG) or moderate (MG)—from breeding to day 83) on the fetal liver transcriptome and the underlying biological pathways. Crossbred Angus beef heifers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design (VTM_LG, VTM_MG, NoVTM_LG, and NoVTM_MG). Gene expression …

Does Bergmann’S Rule Apply To North American Birds In The Context Of Climate Change?, Peridot Derrin Galloway

Student Theses and Dissertations

Over the past half century, birds have changed, including in their morphology. Biogeographic rules including Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules have been used to try to elucidate morphological changes; however, there has been dispute over the rules’ applicability. Thus, I aimed to identify 1) morphometric trends over time of 15 North American bird species, including eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis); 2) if these morphometric trends follow Bergmann’s rule; and 3) if the observed morphometric trends are associated with life history and other traits, as well as climatic variables (e.g., average, maximum and minimum temperatures, and total precipitation). Using short- and long-term morphological …

Shell Shocked: The Effects Of Stress And Bacterial Challenges On The Chelonian Innate Immune Response, Alyssa Hartzheim

Student Theses and Dissertations

In the realm of immunology, the use of reptilian models remains low in comparison to their mammalian counterparts. Consequently, much of the inner workings of reptilian immunity remain to be elucidated. Specifically, chelonian species are vastly understudied. In the past decade, research focusing on reptilian immunology has increased. This thesis seeks to contribute to the growing body of work concerning immune trade-offs. I studied reptilian innate immune ability in both captive and free-living populations with consideration of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the zoo-housed Indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans) and northern spider tortoises (Pyxis arachnoides brygooi), I demonstrated species-specific …

Black Vulture Skull, Briana K. Zaffiro, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Skull from 8 cm total length [Coragyps atarus (Black Vulture)]