Animal Sciences Commons^™

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Rocky Mountain Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Macroura), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Rocky Mountain red fox (Vulpes vulpes macroura) using NatureServe methodology, 2024.

Effects Of Premortem Stress On Protein Expression, Steak Color, Oxidation, And Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index In The Longissimus Lumborum, Reganne K. Briggs, Jerrad F. Legako, Paul R. Broadway, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Nikole E. Ineck, Zachary K. Smith, Ranjith Ramanathan, Kara J. Thornton

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Effective Number Of Breeders And Effective Population Size In An Abundant And Heavily Exploited Marine Teleost, Andrea Bertram, Justin Bell, Chris Brauer, David Fairclough, Paul Hamer, Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo, Maren Wellenreuther, Luciano B. Beheregaray

Fisheries Research Articles

Obtaining reliable estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) and generational effective population size (Ne) for fishery-important species is challenging because they are often iteroparous and highly abundant, which can lead to bias and imprecision. However, recent advances in understanding of these parameters, as well as the development of bias correction methods, have improved the capacity to generate reliable estimates. We utilized samples of both single-cohort young of the year and mixed-age adults from two geographically and genetically isolated stocks of the Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) to investigate the feasibility of generating reliable Nb and Ne estimates for a …

Road Mitigation Structures Designed For Texas Ocelots: Influence Of Structural Characteristics And Environmental Factors On Non-Target Wildlife Usage, Anna Rivera Roy, Kevin W. Ryer, Md. Saydur Rahman, John H. Young Jr., Richard J. Kline

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Roads negatively impact wildlife through habitat fragmentation, loss of habitat connectivity, and wildlife-vehicle collisions, thus road mitigation structures, such as wildlife crossing structures (WCS), wildlife guards (WG), and fencing are commonly used to address this issue all over the world, including in the United States. In South Texas, such structures were built or modified along a State Highway in an effort to address road mortality for the endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and non-target wildlife species. The goal of this study was to examine temporal changes in wildlife interactions with WCS and WG during and after their construction and …

Populations Of The Stygobiotic Amphipod Palearcticarellus Pusillus (Martynov, 1930) Maintain Genetic Connectivity Between The Mountain Springs And The Deep Bottom Habitats Of Lake Teletskoye (Altai Mountains, Russia), Ivan Marin, Liubov Yanygina, Svetlana Ostroukhova, Dmitry Palatov

International Journal of Speleology

The diversity of underground fauna is often associated with the presence of karst areas, which have extensive underground cavities and connecting channels. Non-karst areas, however, make up a larger portion of the planet’ surface, and our understanding of the distribution and dispersal abilities of underground fauna in these areas currently remains limited. During a recent study of the diversity of stygobiotic crustaceans in the mountain streams of the Kurai Mountain Range (Altai, Russia), a small-sized species of crangonyctid amphipod, Palearcticarellus pusillus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) was found in high-altitude springs. This species has been previously known only from deep-water habitats in …

Annual Forage Insurance Program Performance, Jay Parsons

Cornhusker Economics

In 2014, the Annual Forage Insurance Program (AFIP) was offered for the first time by the USDA – Risk Management Agency (RMA) as a pilot program for the states of Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. It was expanded to include Colorado in 2016 and New Mexico in 2017. This year marks the 10-year anniversary of the program, and the goal of this article is to provide a summary of where the program is and how it is being used. We will focus specific attention on Nebraska but also provide an overview of the national picture.

The …

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Of U.S. Polypay Sheep From Breed Origins To Future Genomic Selection, Carrie S. Wilson, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Luiz F. Brito, Brad A. Freking, Sara M. Nilson, J. Bret Taylor, Thomas W. Murphy, Ronald M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of past and present genetic diversity within a breed is critical for the design and optimization of breeding programs as well as the development of strategies for the conservation of genetic resources. The Polypay sheep breed was developed at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES) in 1968 with the goal of improving productivity in Western U.S. range flocks. It has since flourished in the more intensively managed production systems throughout the U.S. The genetic diversity of the breed has yet to be documented. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic …

Efficacy Of Liver Free And Chitosan Against Eimeria Tenella In Chickens, Zhang Yu, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Ebtsam Al-Olayan, Gungor Cagdas Dincel, G. Tellez-Isaias, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Danielle Graham, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga, Luca Grispoldi, Luis Madeiro De Carvalho, Saeed El-Ashram

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Eimeria spp. are the pathogen that causes coccidiosis, a significant disease that affects intensively reared livestock, especially poultry. Anticoccidial feed additives, chemicals, and ionophores have routinely been employed to reduce Eimeria infections in broiler production. Therefore, the shift to antibiotic-free and organic farming necessitates novel coccidiosis preventive strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, liver free and chitosan, against Eimeria tenella infection in White Leghorn broiler female chickens. One hundred sixty-five 1-day-old White Leghorn broiler female chicks were divided into 11 groups (15 female chicks per group), including the positive control group (G1), the negative control …

Conservation Genomic Investigation Of A Threatened Trout Species Endemic To The Gila River, David Thomas Camak

Biology ETDs

Climate change is a looming threat to the persistence of species, especially aquatic, imperiled species. Species native to desert streams are at a particular disadvantage, as many species already face drought, floods, wildfires, and threats from nonnative species, all of which are thought to be exacerbated by climate change. Species such as the threatened Gila Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) already have small ranges and persist in fragmented and isolated habitats that limits gene flow between populations. Therefore, it is important to understand the current genomic status of such populations to be able to predict the future effects of climate …

Evaluation Of The Capacity And Effective Angle Of Thalamic Damage For 2 Commercially Available Captive Bolt Tool Types On Cadaver Heads From Sows >200 Kg Body Weight, Karly N. Anderson, Ruth Woiwode, Ashlynn A. Kirk, Jennifer Berger, Arquimides A. Reyes, Perle E. Zhitnitskiy, Kurt D. Vogel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the ability of 2 penetrating captive bolt (PCB) types (PISTOL, INLINE) to reach and disrupt the thalamus when applied in 2 placements (FRONTAL, BEHIND EAR) to chilled cadaver heads (N = 60) from sows >200 kg. Heads were randomly distributed across 6 treatments (n = 10): FRONTAL-INLINE, FRONTAL-PISTOL, FRONTAL-NO SHOT, BEHIND EAR-INLINE, BEHIND EAR-PISTOL, and BEHIND EAR-NO SHOT. The FRONTAL shot was placed 3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at the midline; the BEHIND EAR shot was placed directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the …

Microplastic Accumulation In The Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria Irrorata), Sarah Keaton, Hannah Lukhard, Eli Windy, Manar Hasan

DePaul Discoveries

Contamination of oceans by microplastics (mm) currently poses a major threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Recent attention towards this issue has raised questions about the extent to which microplastics have accumulated in the environment, and has led to an increase in studies on the effects of microplastics in various organisms. However, levels of contamination in protected natural areas are still largely unexplored, yet can offer an important empirical perspective on the issue. In addition, little is known about the potential effects of microplastics on behavior in the field. This research was conducted within the protected ACE Basin National …

Postweaning Skull Growth In Living Didelphid Marsupials: The Case Of Gracilinanus Agilis And Cryptonanus Chacoensis, Iveth A. Villalobos Guerrero, Noé U. De La Sancha

DePaul Discoveries

Ontogeny is described as the history of an organism through its lifetime including development, growth, and allometry. The ontogenetic approach in cranial dimensions has proved useful in interpreting evolutionary patterns. Among the largest Didelphidae family of Neotropical marsupials, the species of Gracilinanus agilis and Cryptonanus chacoensis are poorly known. In this study, we address three questions; Is there sexual dimorphism in these species? What is the pattern of allometry? Which allometric patterns best describe the patterns in the skull and mandible? We applied geometric morphometrics to describe and test these differences using MorphoJ. A discriminant function analysis was performed to …

Limited Thermal Plasticity In High Mountain Tropical Water Bear, Juan Manuel Carvajalino-Fernández, Valentina Diaz-Galvis, Alan Dante Torres-Jaramillo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Tardigrades, a phylum of microscopic organisms well known for their resistance to extreme conditions thanks to adaptations such as cryptobiosis, in which they are able to suspend their metabolism until more favorable conditions arise. These organisms are found in a wide range of environments, and high Andean mountains are not the exception, even though weather conditions are highly variable during the day, let alone a month. An experiment was thus conducted at 2600m in Bogotá, Colombia to evaluate the resistance of Macrobiotus sp. found on trees, three sets of fifteen tardigrades were exposed to 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 …

Artificial Light At Night On Nesting Beaches Of The Green Turtle, Chelonia Mydas, In The Eastern Mediterranean And Its Possible Effect On Populations, Noam Leader, Yaniv Levy, Oğuz Türkozan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Artificial light associated with coastal development is becoming one of the major threats to coastal biodiversity. Sea turtles are coastal breeders, and it is well-known that hatchlings tend to move toward lighter objects on the beach, which prevents them from reaching the sea. It is, therefore, essential to identify the impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the nesting beaches. Here, we investigated ALAN levels using imagery from satellites at important green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting beaches in the Mediterranean. Mean August radiance levels at nesting beaches ranged from 0.00473 nW/cm2sr (Northern Cyprus-South Karpaz Beach) to 14.44 nW/cm2sr (Turkey …

Spatial And Temporal Nesting Pattern Of Sea Turtles In Alas Purwo National Park, And Itsimplications For Conservation Management Practices, Nia Kurniawan, Novita Kusuma Wardani, Noviyani Utami, Muhammad Asyraf Rijalullah, Miftah Farid Assiddiqy, Awang Gitayana, Hartono Hartono, Muhammad Fathoni, Andreas Bandang Hardian

Turkish Journal of Zoology

As a sea turtle conservation area, Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) shows different patterns in the four species of turtles thathave nesting records, such as an increase in Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), stability in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas), anda decline in Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). During the survey, which lastedfrom January to July 2023, we discovered that each type of sea turtle preferred nesting sites at specific hypothetical stations, except forthe L. olivacea, which nested at all hypothetical stations along Pancur-Cungur Coast. We also discovered that it is highly encouragedto continue relocations that have …

Modeling Habitat Suitability And Current Distribution Of The Relicted Maghreb Magpie (Pica Mauritanica), Kamel Eddine Mederbal, Mohcen Menaa, Abdallah Aouadi, Lamia Boutabia, Lamia Bensaâd-Bendjedid, Khalladi Mederbal, Amira Bouderbala, Abderrahmane Chebli, Salah Telailia

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Maghreb Magpie (Pica mauritanica) is an endemic bird to North Africa, encompassing Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Unfortunately, its population is facing a significant decline primarily attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation resulting from urbanization and agricultural practices. Due to the lack of studies on habitat requirements of Pica mauritanica on a large scale, investigating the habitat preferences of this species and thereby understanding the potential threats, remains crucial for effective conservation strategies. We performed species distribution modeling (SDM), incorporating both occurrence records and predictor variables, to investigate the potentially suitable habitat and the factors influencing the distribution of the …

Identification Of Blood Meals In Field Collected Culex Pipiens, Anopheles Sacharovi And Culex Tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) Using The Elisa Method, Fatma Bursali, Gi̇zem Anti̇ka, Sare İlknur Yavaşoğlu, Fati̇h Mehmet Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Information obtained about the blood feeding behavior of mosquito populations in nature is important for understanding their vectorial capacity and evaluating their potential role in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. This study investigated the feeding patterns of Culex pipiens, Anopheles sacharovi and Culex tritaeniorhynchus by using ELISA method. A total of 435 blood-fed females were collected from the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Türkiye between May 2021-September 2023. The types and numbers of potential domestic animal hosts were recorded in each village. Of the 372 blood meals tested, 348 gave a single host positive result mainly on bovine and human, …

Formic Acid As An Antibiotic Alternative In Broiler Diets: Effects On Growth, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Chemistry, And Intestinal Microbial Load, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Elwy A. Ashour, Islam M. Youssef, Ahmed I. Elsherbeni, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Ahmed K. Aldhalmi, Ayman A. Swelum, Soha A. Farag

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explored the ability of formic acid (FA) to replace antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. It examined how FA affected the chickens' growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and gut bacteria. The experiment randomly assigned 300 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks to 5 groups, each divided into 6 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks. The following were the treatments: 1st group, negative control (NC): only received a basal diet; 2nd group, positive control (PC): received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 grams of Colistin antibiotic per kilogram of diet; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups (FA2, FA4, …

Expression And Secretion Of Sparc, Fgf-21 And Dcn In Bovine Muscle Cells: Effects Of Age And Differentiation, Katie A. Shira, Kara J. Thornton, Brenda M. Murdoch, Gabrielle M. Becker, Gwinyai E. Chibisa, Gordon K. Murdoch

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Skeletal muscle growth is an economically important trait in the cattle industry. Secreted muscle-derived proteins, referred to as myokines, have important roles in regulating the growth, metabolism, and health of skeletal muscle in human and biomedical research models. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of myokines in skeletal muscle and whole-body health, though little is known about the potential presence and functional significance of these proteins in cattle. This study evaluates and confirms that secreted proteins acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), myostatin (MSTN), and decorin (DCN) are …

The Design, Construction, And Testing Of Nucleic Acid Vaccines Against Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Enterica Serovar Javiana, Alexis A. Nguyen

LSU Master's Theses

Salmonella spp. is a Gram-negative bacterium that has the ability to replicate within a variety of hosts, or within the environment, including water, soil, and vegetation. These characteristics, coupled with the zoonotic nature of non-typhoidal Salmonella, pose a significant public health concern. Salmonella is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, and in the United States alone, the economic impact due to non-typhoidal Salmonella illnesses in 2013 was estimated to be $3.7 billion, the majority of which were due to mortalities. In a time of rising antibiotic resistance, antibiotics are no longer considered the most effective treatment for …

The Fishing Cat: New Insights On Distribution In The Northern Sector Of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Rupesh Maharjan, Rama Mishra, Jhamak Bahadur Karki

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) is an elusive and medium-sized feline species with distinguished marking patterns on their head and body separating them from other feline species. Despite being distributed widely among diverse geographic locations, their abundance has declined due to significant habitat loss and human disturbances. There exists a substantial research gap regarding their abundance and distribution in Nepal. In this article, we presented the updated documentation of the fishing cat distribution in the northern sector of Chitwan National Park through our species-focused camera trapping survey. The study was carried out between April and May 2021 with a …

Evaluating 45 Years Of Collaborative Range Livestock Education, Melanie Heaton, Andrew Brischke, Ben Scow

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

The Arizona/Utah Range Livestock Workshop & Tour builds cooperation and understanding between public land grazing permittees and federal agency personnel through science-based education. The workshop provides information on livestock production practices and addresses controversial grazing issues in a non-confrontational environment. Topics range from animal handling, vaccination, and health to solar development, partnering with public land agencies, and recreation effects.

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2024), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Hayengas endow department head of animal science
[Page] 4 Reese named Klingbeil Endowed Educator
[Page] 5 SDSU Rodeo at Nationals
[Page] 6 Nwadike leading Department of Dairy and Food Science
[Page] 8 Hansen serving as 2024 Hobo Day Grand Pooba
[Page] 10 The scoop on the Davis Dairy Plant
[Page] 14 Research shows value in change
[Page] 16 Legacy of 'Yellow Ore, Yellow Hair, Yellow Pine'
[Page] 20 SDSU beef team grows
[Page] 22 SDSU Extension supporting local foods movement
[Page] 24 Bolstering rural child care needs
[Page] 26 Feeding kids great food
[Page] 27 Education Abroad takes …

Managing Flystrike In Sheep, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Flystrike is a significant health and welfare risk to Australian sheep and costs $280 million annually. Flystrike should be actively monitored and managed to prevent productivity losses and ensure good animal welfare.

Biostratigraphic Revision Of Esthonyx (Tillidontia, Mammalia) In The Contect Of Climate Change In The Lower Eocene Of The Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, John Colter Johnson

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Esthonyx is an early Eocene tillodont found in North America, Europe, and India. The genus was named by Edward Drinker (E. D.) Cope in 1874 based on specimens from the San Jose Formation in New Mexico. Since then, several species of Esthonyx have been described from North America alone. The best record of Esthonyx comes from the central Bighorn Basin (BHB) in Wyoming, where it appears in 220 localities in a 640 m-thick stratigraphic succession. Since the last summary of Esthonyx in the BHB, several hundred new specimens have been collected and curated at the Denver Museum of Nature and …

Identifying The Relative Abundance Of Cell-Cell Signaling Peptides During Mammalian Hibernation And Anesthetic Administration By Label-Free Peptidomics Analysis, Somayeh Mousavi

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Cell-cell signaling molecules known as neuropeptide and peptide hormones, distributed in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), regulate a variety of physiological processes including body temperature, feeding, circadian rhythm, reproduction, energy homeostasis, and more. While a number of active neuropeptides structures with physiological functions have been discovered, advances in peptidomic mass spectrometry are enabling researchers to uncover novel, previously unknown, active neuropeptide structures with potential for bioactivities. Using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), it is possible to identify a wide range of neuropeptides in single experiments without preselecting specific peptides. Mass …

Development Of A Durable And Low-Dose Universal Vaccine Against Swine Influenza A Virus, Erika Petro-Turnquist

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Swine Influenza A Virus (IAV-S) imposes a significant burden on the pork industry and poses a great threat to public health due to its zoonotic potential. Susceptibility to human, avian, and swine influenza make pigs the ultimate mixing vessels for reassorted influenza A virus strains. Current vaccination strategies induce short-lived and strain-specific responses against IAV-S. Further, the substantial genetic diversity of IAV-S necessitates consistent revaccination and updating of commercial vaccines. Computational platforms have recently emerged as a promising strategy to develop new-age vaccines against infectious diseases in livestock animals. Here, we describe a computationally derived set of vaccine immunogens, called …

Spatial Ecology Of Mountain Lions Throughout Their Distribution In California, Kyle Duncan Dougherty

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Mountain lions (Puma concolor) have been studied extensively throughout their wide geographic distribution in the Western Hemisphere, but most research has been conducted at relatively small spatial scales. We used GPS telemetry data contributed by researchers in 16 study areas throughout California to advance understanding of mountain lion spatial ecology. First, we investigated multi-scale resource selection of mountain lions relative to spatially varying risk of intentional human-caused mortality associated with livestock depredation management. We show that individuals that proactively avoided mortality risk when selecting home ranges were able to relax their avoidance of risk when making resource selection …

Population Demography, Occupancy, And Connectivity Of Invasive Bigheaded Carp In The Platte River, Nebraska And Its Tributaries, Blake W. Logan

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis, collectively referred to as bigheaded carp, are invasive species in the United States of America that have expanded their range throughout the Missouri River basin in the last three decades. It may be desirable to develop management plans directed at the monitoring, control, or removal of bigheaded carp within the Missouri River basin. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding bigheaded carp ecology in Missouri River tributaries, which may be important for the development of management plans. As such, this study characterized bigheaded carp population demographics, occupancy, and connectivity in …

Virtual Fencing In Livestock Management: Effects On Beef Cattle Stress And Enhancing Wildlife Conservation, Kaitlyn E. Dozler

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

I examined the effects of virtual fencing on beef cattle stress and how implementing the technology can aid wildlife habitat conservation at the University of Nebraska Gudmundsen Sandhills laboratory (GSL) near Whitman, NE. First, I examined how virtual fencing influences acute heart rate changes in beef cattle fitted with the virtual fencing collars. No significant difference in the average heart rate of a cow (P > 0.05) was observed between the 30 min control and virtual fenced periods for both trial dates. Second, I examined the influence of topography on wildlife species richness and presence at GSL using wildlife camera …