Animal Sciences Commons^™

Potential Distribution Of The Guava Psyllid Triozoida Limbata (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), Today And In Global Climate Change Scenarios, Dalva Queiroz, Marcos Silveira Wrege, Talita Benedcta Santos Künast, Marilice Cordeiro Garrastazu, Daniel Burckhardt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The jumping plant-louse Triozoida limbata is monophagous on guava (Psidium guajava), inducing leaf galls. Guava is planted today in warmer regions around the world but T. limbata is restricted to Central and South America. Recently, the latter has become a key pest in commercial plantations in Brazil (Pernambuco and São Paulo). Modeling of potential distributions is a good tool for developing control strategies of insect pests. Based on distributional data from the Americas, we created models for the psyllids for the present and future using different scenarios of climate change. The OpenModeller eco-niche modeling program was used with the Environmental …

Morphological Characterization Of Hemocyte Types In Some Species Belonging Totettigoniidae And Pamphagidae (Insecta: Orthoptera), Gürhan Öztürk, Özlem Çakici, Hüseyi̇n Arikan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In the present study, the species Eupholidoptera smyrnensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), and Glyphotmethis spp. (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) were studied in order to determine hemocyte types. To that end, hemolymph smear preparations were stained using Wright's stain. According to light microscopic examinations, five hemocyte types, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, and oenocytoids, were determined in each species. Prohemocytes are basic and the smallest cell type in the hemolymph. Plasmatocytes show polymorphism and they may have pseudopodia. Granulocytes are characterized by granules in their cytoplasm. Spherulocytes typically include spherical vacuoles. Oenocytoids are the largest cells …

Anoplodactylus (Pycnogonida: Phoxichilidiidae)From Brazil,New Records And Two New Species, Rudá Lucena, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Anoplodactylus is the largest and the most abundant genus of Phoxichilidiidae, with 134 described species, most from shallow waters. The genus is cosmopolitan and easily encountered in Brazil. The present work catalogues the species of Anoplodactylus found in Brazilian waters and describes two new species for the coast of northeastern Brazil. The material analyzed here was deposited in the Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, which comprises the specimens collected for several studies along the Brazilian coast. Unsampled species were recorded from the literature. We extend the known records of seven species (A. batangensis, A. californicus, A. eroticus, A. evelinae, A. insignis, …

Further New And Little Known Species Of Ptyctimous Mites (Acari, Oribatida) From Cameroon, Wojciech Niedbala, Tomasz Osiejuk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Nineteen species of ptyctimous mites were found in 20 samples collected in Cameroon: 15 samples from the Southwest region, near the ocean, and 5 samples from the Northwest region, inland. Two new species: Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) inaequatus sp. n. and Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) alius sp. n. are described and figured. Six species are new to Cameroon. The so far unknown instars of Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) invisitata Niedbala, 1983: larva, proto-, deuto-, and tritonymph are described. The deutonymph and tritonymph of M. (M.) invisitata are compared with the corresponding stages of the related species. The tritonymph of the species of both subgenera, Mesoplophora and …

Seasonal Variation And Taxonomic Composition Of Mesozooplankton In The Southern Black Sea (Off Sinop) Between 2005 And 2009, Funda Üstün, Levent Bat, Erhan Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The monthly and long-term fluctuations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition in the Sinop inner harbor (southern Black Sea) between 2005 and 2009 are presented in the present study. In total, 31 mesozooplankton taxa were identified during the study. The recorded average mesozooplankton abundance and biomass were 34,323 ± 7580 ind. m$^{-2}$ and 1208 ± 460 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2005, 95,063 ± 31,434 ind m$^{-2}$ and 1787 ± 604 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2006, 97,626 ± 12,141 ind m$^{-2}$ and 1034 ± 20 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2007, 91,918 ± 10,476 ind m$^{-2}$ and 775 ± 121 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2008, …

Temporal Variability Of The Macroinvertebrate Community Associated Witheichhornia Azurea (Swarts) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) In A Lake Marginal To A Tropical River, Natalia Kaori Araki, Carolina Vieira Da Silva, Raoul Henry

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aquatic macroinvertebrates have a close relationship with associated floating macrophytes, especially with the roots. The plant root mass is an environment favorable to the development of the macroinvertebrate fauna, supplying both food resources and refuge against predators. The present study aimed to analyze the structure of the macroinvertebrate community associated with the roots of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) in a lake marginal to a tropical river. Sampling was performed quarterly in three stands of E. azurea. One plant specimen was selected from each stand and five root mass samples were collected. The study was carried out in an extremely …

Contribution And Acclimatization Of The Swarming Tropical Copepod Dioithona Oculata (Farran, 1913) In A Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystem, Tuba Terbiyik Kurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, tropical oithonid copepod Dioithona oculata was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. This species is distinguished easily by its large ocular lenses and by the number of setae on the endopod of the maxillule. The study was conducted seasonally in the coastal area of İskenderun Bay between April 2013 and December 2016. D. oculata was first observed in October 2013 in the study area (Station 4; 3.1 ind. m$^{-3}$)); after this period, this species became an important contributor to zooplankton assemblages in October with the highest level seen in 2016 (Station 4, 834.5 ind. …

Distribution, Density, And Important Hotspots Of Krüper?S Nuthatch Sitta Krueperi In Turkey And Lesvos Island, Greece, Tamer Albayrak, Ali̇ Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Atlas projects and phylogeographic studies provide detailed information of great value on key species; distribution maps of the species are the primary input for establishing hotspots, conservation, and management plans. Krüper's Nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) is endemic to Anatolia, Lesvos Island, and the Caucasus region. We surveyed more than 1400 point counts in Turkey and Greece, covering most of its global distribution in its potential habitat, coniferous forestland, during the breeding season. The geographical information system was used for preparing the distribution maps and depicting the hotspots for Krüper?s Nuthatch. The population density of Krüper?s Nuthatch in all of Turkey was …

Zercon Ostovani Sp. Nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) From Iran, Sanaz Javan, Mehmet Karaca, Raşi̇t Urhan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Zercon ostovani sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from Eram Botanical Garden in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. The similarities and differences between related species within the same genus are also discussed.

New Record Of Oribatula (Zygoribatula) Nicora (Djaparidze, 1986) Comb. Nov. From Turkey With A Redescription Of Species, Maka Murvanidze, Sultan Çobanoğlu, Ci̇han Cilbircioğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Lucoppia nicora Djaparidze, 1986 was found in garlic fields in the Kastamonu region of Turkey. This finding is a new record for Turkey and also the first finding after its description from Nikortsminda cave and a vegetable garden in Tbilisi, Georgia. Redescription of the species is accompanied by a discussion of its taxonomic status. Based on differences having generic character in the structure of the prodorsum (length of lamellae; width of translamellae; distance between ro, le, and in setae), L. nicora is regarded as belonging to the subgenus Oribatula (Zygoribatula). Oribatula (Zygoribatula) nicora (Djaparidze, 1986) comb. nov. is proposed. A …

Haplothrips Aliakbarii Sp. Nov. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): A New Thrips On Oak Trees From Ilam Province (Western Iran), Majid Mirabbalou, Behzad Miri

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Haplothrips aliakbarii sp. nov. (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae) is described and illustrated from Ilam Province, western Iran. This new species was collected on the leaves of oak trees (Quercus brantii). An identification key for Iranian species of Haplothrips is presented.

Insect-Specific Peptides In The Venom Of Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae), Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Khanum Zahra, Azhar Abbas Khan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The venom of two dominant species of wolf spiders, Pardosa sumatrana Thorell and Pardosa birmanica Simon, was extracted and characterized. Insecticidal potential of crude venom and selected peptide fractions (i.e. 35-kDa fraction of both spiders) was evaluated in the laboratory using Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Homoptera: Aphididae) as a model pest. Results of the study showed that both the crude venom and the protein fractions caused significantly higher mortality in treated aphids compared to the control. It is concluded that both the crude venom and the protein fractions possess insecticidal potential.

Morphological Variability Of The Baculum In Martes Foina (Carnivora: Mustelidae)From Turkey, Ahmet Hari̇s Selçuk Özen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study was based on the bacula of 39 male (17 juvenile, 22 adult) stone marten (Martes foina) samples obtained from all geographical regions of Turkey between 1995 and 2016. Morphological variability in 11 characteristics of bacula was investigated. The purpose of this study was to measure numerical characters of the baculum, to identify relationships between measurements, and to evaluate variabilities in its morphology. Weight, total length, base length, base height, base width, apex height, apex width, median width, and median height were significantly greater in the bacula of adults compared to the bacula of juveniles. The most variable …

Competing Activities As Measures Of Fear And Vigilance, Ferenc Mónus

Animal Sentience

In animal behavioural research on vigilance, visual signs of alertness are usually used to estimate perceived risk (an internal “fear” state) of free-ranging animals. Different measures of vigilance and competing activities (e.g., predator vigilance, conspecific vigilance, feeding, food handling) provide clues for better understanding vigilance behaviour. How efficiently does an animal in a vigilant/non-vigilant posture devote attention to threats or invest in other activities, such as searching for or handling food? Several species regularly withdraw to a sheltered spot when feeding in an abundant food patch, spending short periods in complete safety. Frequencies of feeding interruptions or false-alarm flights provide …

Compression And Relaxation Of Fishing Effort In Response To Changes In Length Of Fishing Season For Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Sean P. Powers, Kevin Anson

University Faculty and Staff Publications

A standard method used by fisheries managers to decrease catch and effort is to shorten the length of a fishery; however, data on recreational angler response to this simple approach are surprisingly lacking. We assessed the effect of variable season length on daily fishing effort, measured by using numbers of boat launches per day, anglers per boat, and anglers per day from video observations, in the recreational sector of the federal fishery for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in coastal Alabama. From 2012 through 2017, season length fluctuated from 3 to 40 d. Daily effort, measured by using mean number of …

Distance Models As A Tool For Modelling Detection Probability And Density Of Native Bumblebees, Darin J. Mcneil, Clint R. V. Otto, Erin L. Moser, Katherine R. Urban‐Mead, David E. King, Amanda D. Rodewald, Jeffery L. Larkin

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Effective monitoring of native bee populations requires accurate estimates of population size and relative abundance among habitats. Current bee survey methods, such as netting or pan trapping, may be adequate for a variety of study objectives but are limited by a failure to account for imperfect detection. Biases due to imperfect detection could result in inaccurate abundance estimates or erroneous insights about the response of bees to different environments. To gauge the potential biases of currently employed survey methods, we compared abundance estimates of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) derived from hierarchical distance sampling models (HDS) to bumblebee counts collected from fixed‐area …

An Historical Overview And Update Of Wolf-Moose Interactions In Northeastern Minnesota, L. David Mech, John Fieberg, Shannon M. Barber-Meyer

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolf (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces americanus) populations in northeastern Minnesota, USA, have fluctuated for decades and, based on helicopter counts, moose numbers declined to a new low from 2006 to about 2012. Other steep declines were found in 1991 and 1998 during periods when moose counts were done with fixed-wing aircraft; these declines also appeared to be real. Winter wolf numbers, monitored in part of the moose range, had been increasing since about 2002 to the highest population in decades in 2009. However, from 2009 to 2016, wolves decreased precipitously, and the moose- population decline leveled …

Science At Engineer Cantonment, Hugh H. Genoways, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Carl R. Falk, Thomas E. Labedz, Paul R. Picha, John R. Bozell

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Conclusions

It is our contention that Thomas Say, Titian Peale, Edwin James, and their colleagues of the Stephen Long Expedition of 1819–1820 were heavily engaged in scientific research, which took the form of the first biodiversity inventory undertaken in the United States. This accomplishment has been overlooked both by biologists and historians, but it should rank among the most significant accomplishments of the expedition. The results of this inventory continue to inform us today about environmental, faunal, and floral changes along the Missouri River in an area that is known to be an ecotone between the deciduous forests of the …

Historical Observations And Identifications Of Plants And Animals In The Vicinity Of Engineer Cantonment In 1819-1820, Hugh H. Genoways, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Carl R. Falk, John R. Bozell

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Historical observations and identifications of plants and animals in the vicinity of Engineer Cantonment in 1819–1820 (James 1822) are shown below in Roman and Roman italic print. Specimens identified through phytoarcheological and zooarcheological analysis of materials and believed to be reasonably associated or contemporaneous with the Long Expedition use of the site (AU4) are shown in boldface. Species present in both the historical and archeological data are marked by an asterisk (*). References used in this compilation include Benedict (1996), Brewer (1970 [1840]), Conant and Collins (1991), Ducey (2000), Evans (1997), Falk et al. (this volume), Genoways et al. (2008), …

Nocturnally-Migrating Birds Traverse Earth's Most Light-Polluted Regions, And Bright Lights Confound Their Habitat Use En Route, Jeffrey J. Butler, James D. Mclaren, Sergio A. Cabrera-Cruz, Jaclyn A. Smolinsky, Timothy D. Schreckengost, Matthew E. Boone, E. Emiel Van Loon, Deanna K. Dawson, Eric L. Walters

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Towards Understanding The Role Of Small Mammals In The Transmission Of Lyme Disease In Virginia, Usa, Robert K. Rose, Laura Bitzer, Wayne Hynes, Holly D. Gaff, Robyn Nadolny, Jory Brinkerhoff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Larvae and nymphs of many species of ticks select small mammals, reptiles, and birds as hosts. Since 2011, we have examined more than 1,000 small mammals of 10 species and collected a small tissue sample as well as all visible ticks; rates of infestation range from 18% in harvest mice to 53% in meadow voles. Identification of immature ticks is challenging and requires molecular or genetic methods beyond classification as being from the genus Ixodes or another genus. Ixodes ticks include Ixodes scapularis, the species that transmits the Lyme disease-causing bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi to humans. Of the approximately 2,300 ticks …

Adiposity And Fat Metabolism During Combined Fasting And Lactation In Elephant Seals, Melinda Fowler, Cory Champagne, Daniel Croker

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Animals that fast depend on mobilizing lipid stores to power metabolism. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) incorporate extended fasting into several life-history stages: development, molting, breeding and lactation. The physiological processes enabling fasting and lactation are important in the context of the ecology and life history of elephant seals. The rare combination of fasting and lactation depends on the efficient mobilization of lipid from adipose stores and its direction into milk production. The mother elephant seal must ration her finite body stores to power maintenance metabolism, as well as to produce large quantities of lipid and protein rich …

Review: Application Of Tick Control Technologies For Blacklegged, Lone Star, And American Dog Ticks, Alexis White, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tick population control technologies have been studied for several decades but no method is successful in all situations. The success of each technology depends on tick species identity and abundance, host species identity and abundance, phenology of both ticks and hosts, geographic region, and a multitude of other factors. Here we review current technologies, presenting an overview of each and its effect on three common tick species in the eastern United States: blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis (Say; Ixodida: Ixodidae)), lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus; Ixodida: Ixodidae)), and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis (Say; Ixodida: Ixodidae)). Moreover, …

Lewis’S Woodpecker Nest Success And Habitat Selection In Cottonwood Floodplain Versus Burned Conifer Forests, William M. Blake

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Breeding habitat selection influences reproductive outcomes. Habitat selection may be adaptive and benefit populations, but it can also be maladaptive with negative consequences for populations. Understanding habitat selection and its influence on reproductive success, especially in species of concern, is critical for effective management. Lewis’s Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) is a Species of Concern that has experienced national population declines. We studied its abundance and reproductive success in two commonly selected breeding forest types (i.e., cottonwood floodplain and mixed-conifer burned), and nest-site characteristics (nest availability, food availability, and vegetation attributes) that have the potential to yield strong differences in …

Spatial Ecology Observations From Feral Horses Equipped With Global Positioning System Transmitters, Jacob D. Hennig, Jeffrey L. Beck, J. Derek Scasta

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Our understanding of the spatial ecology of feral horses (Equus ferus caballus ) and burros (E . asinus ) in the United States is limited. Robust location data are needed to better understand the permeability of Bureau of Land Management Herd Management Area boundaries, relative to feral horse movement patterns and home ranges. To increase our understanding of feral horse movement, in February to March 2017, we deployed global positioning system (GPS) collars on 14 females ≥5 years old that were captured in the Adobe Town Herd Management Area (ATHMA) of southcentral Wyoming, USA. Herein, we report initial results from …

Resource Selection Of Free-Ranging Horses Influenced By Fire In Northern Canada, Sonja E. R. Leverkus, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, Marten Geertsema, Brady W. Allred, Mark Gregory, Alexandre R. Bevington, David M. Engle, J. Derek Scasta

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Free-ranging or feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) were important to the livelihood of First Nations and indigenous communities in Canada. The early inhabitants of the boreal region of British Columbia (BC) capitalized on naturally occurring wildfires and anthropogenic burning to provide forage for free-ranging horses and manage habitat for wildlife. This form of pyric herbivory, or grazing driven by fi re via the attraction to the palatable vegetation in recently burned areas, is an evolutionary disturbance process that occurs globally. However, its application to manage forage availability for free-ranging horses has not been studied in northern Canada. Across Canada, there …

Wild Horse Country: The History, Myth, And Future Of The Mustang, Seth J. Dettenmaier

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Strike Hazard Posed By Columbids To Military Aircraft, Melanie R. Colón, Ashley M. Long

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wildlife-aircraft strikes threaten both human and animal safety and result in hundreds of millions of dollars per year in aircraft damage and lost flight hours. Large-bodied birds are especially hazardous to aircraft. However, given high-speed flight at low altitudes, military aircraft may be especially vulnerable to strikes and more susceptible to damage even when encountering small birds. We summarized all wildlife-aircraft strike records from Randolph Air Force Base (San Antonio, Texas) over a 25-year period and compared the number and cost of strikes across avian species and species groups. Because columbids (i.e., pigeons and doves) are among the most frequently …

Canid Vs. Canid: Insights Into Coyote-Dog Encounters From Social Media, Erin E. Boydston, Eric S. Abelson, Ari Kazanjian, Daniel T. Blumstein

Human–Wildlife Interactions

While the relationship between coyotes (Canis latrans) and house cats (Felis catus) may be characterized as one between predators and their prey, coyote interactions with domestic dogs (C. lupus familiaris) appear to be more varied and may include behaviors associated with canid sociality. While encounters between coyotes and dogs are difficult to observe, we capitalized on publically available video recordings of coyote-dog encounters to observe canid behaviors and examined 35 video clips downloaded from YouTube during fall 2014. We identified coyote-dog interactions that were playful, agonistic, or predatory; those that we could not clearly …

The Three Creeks Allotment Consolidation: Changing Western Federal Grazing Paradigms, Taylor Payne

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The federal government owns approximately 47% of all land in the western United States. In the state of Utah, about 64% of the land base is managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The government has historically issued permits to owners of private lands to allow the owners to graze their livestock on public lands. The permits (allotments) are generally of 10-year duration and allow for an annual season of use. In some cases, continued and repeated historical annual grazing practices may not be ideal for permit holders and their communities nor …