Mining Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Salinity Contrast Between Formation Water And Injected Low Salinity Water On Low Salinity Waterflooding In Shaly-Sandstone Formation, Sarun Phuenghansaporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Low salinity waterflooding is an improving oil recovery technique that is highly mentioned nowadays as it is cost-efficient and environmentally friendly. The technique involves injecting water with lower salinity compared to formation salinity to shift the surface equilibrium toward the liberation of oil from the rock surface. Nevertheless, successful of this technique depends on many parameters especially the presence of clays. Several types of clays can be found in oil reservoirs, and they may react to different cations in inject low salinity in different ways, resulting in different magnitudes of oil recovery. Moreover, the contrast of salinity between formation water …

Pore Pressure Prediction Using Combination Drilling Efficiency And Hydro-Mechanical Specific Energy Methods, Munawir Arge Pratama Otolomo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Several methods of pore pressure prediction using drilling parameters were introduced and improved to meet the challenges of accurate prediction at a relatively low cost. Knowledge of pore pressure is essential for safe well planning, cost-effective drilling, and operational decision-making. Conventional methods in pore pressure prediction using drilling parameters have limitations on its application of making the normal compaction trendline that is only applicable in clean shale intervals. In this work, the concept of drilling efficiency (DE) and hydro-mechanical specific energy (HMSE) for predicting formation pore pressure is proposed. This method, termed DE-HMSE, is based on the theory that the …

Depression Of Pyrite In Polymetallic Sulfide Flotation Using Chitosan-Grafted-Polyacrylamide Polymers, Keitumetse Cathrine Monyake

Doctoral Dissertations

“In this work, Chitosan-grafted-Polyacrylamides (Chi-g-PAMs) were studied, for the first time, as selective depressants of pyrite in the flotation of base metal sulfides. Fundamental studies of the adsorption behavior of Chi-g-PAM on model sulfide minerals indicated that Chi-g-PAM was more selective to pyrite’s surfaces as compared to base metal sulfides. Results suggested that the adsorption of Chi-g-PAM at pyrite-water interface was a chemisorption in nature which involved the amine, amide, and hydroxyl groups of Chi-g-PAM. Batch flotation studies of complex sulfide ore of Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) showed that Chi-g-PAM outperformed other pyrite’s depressants at producing less pyrite-diluted concentrates. Statistical …

Development Of An Entry-Scale Modeling Methodology To Provide Ground Reaction Curves For Longwall Gateroad Support Evaluation, Haochen Zhao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Longwall gateroad entries are generally subjected to severe mining-induced stress changes and deformations; they are prone to large roof falls, floor heaves, and rib sloughing. The standing support system in underground mines needs to be carefully designed to compensate for the mining-induced deformation of the surrounding rock mass and consecutively protect the integrity of gateroad entries. Local geology, together with mining-induced stress redistribution, influences the ground response and plays a major role in the performance of a standing support design. In the US, Support Technology Optimization Program (STOP) and its Ground Reaction Curve (GRC) design criteria have been applied to …

Integrated Large Discontinuity Factor, Lamodel And Stability Mapping Approach For Stone Mine Pillar Stability, Mustafa Baris Ates

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this research is to develop a software tool that integrates the large discontinuity factor (LDF) and the Boundary Element Method software (BEM), LaModel, to allow stone mine operators to assess the impact of the large discontinuities on local pillar stability. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published design guidelines for underground stone mines to guide the industry in designing pillar and roof support. These guidelines emphasize the impact of large, angular discontinuities on pillar strength. Esterhuizen et al. (2011) derived the large discontinuity factor (LDF) to account for the impact of discontinuities on pillar stability …

Investigation Of Geomechanical Behavior Of Laminated Rock Mass Through Experimental And Numerical Approach, Qingwen Shi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Roof failure in the Appalachian underground coal fields occurs often in laminated shale. Laminated shale roof in coal mines fails in unique ways, such as cutter failure or delamination failure. Extensive studies have investigated the influential factors that cause laminated roof failure, which include in-situ stress, entry layout, roof span, and roof support. However, cutter failure continues to occur frequently and erratically. This is due to the lack of in-depth understanding of the inherent properties of the laminations, such as bedding plane strength, matrix strength, and bedding plane spacing, which in turn influence the geomechanical behavior of the laminated rock. …

Noise Exposure Trends Among Violating Coal Mines, 2000 To 2021, Hanna Grace Davis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Noise-induced hearing loss has continued to be a significant issue within the mining industry, even after the passing of the MSHA’s improved noise standard in 2000. NIOSH has recognized that the noise standard enacted by both MSHA and OSHA does not properly protect workers with the 5 dBA exchange rate (i.e., the increase in noise level leading to a doubling of energy) and the lack of emphasizing the use of engineering controls over administrative controls and overreliance on hearing protection device usage. The primary objective of this study is to investigate statistical sound relationships between MSHA noise-related violations and samples …

Calcite Depression In Bastnaesite-Calcite Flotation System Using Organic Acids, Emmy Muhoza

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bastnaesite is the primary source of light REEs, namely cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), to name a few. Bastnaesite is typically concentrated using the froth flotation beneficiation method. Flotation of bastnaesite suffers from high reagent consumption due to the similar surface characteristics of bastnaesite and associated gangue minerals, including calcite. Additionally, complex stages of high-temperature conditioning are often required to suppress the detrimental impact of dissolved calcium ions on the flotation of bastnaesite. This research seeks to investigate the capabilities of organic acids in the bastnaesite-calcite flotation systems to selectively depress calcite minerals and effectively chelate calcium …

Experimental And Theoretical Investigation On The Initiation Mechanism Of Low-Rank Coal's Self-Heating Process, Yinan Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Coal spontaneous combustion remains a safety concern during coal mining, transportation, and storage and requires further investigation to develop effective prevention and control strategies. While various intrinsic and extrinsic conditions may influence coal self-heating, low-rank coals are more prone to spontaneous combustion, especially in humid climates. Therefore, quantifying the effect of extrinsic moisture on the self-heating of low-rank coals is critical for understanding the high propensity of low-rank coals for spontaneous combustion. Many studies have qualitatively evaluated the role of extrinsic moisture on the coal self-heating. Despite this, few studies have quantified the contribution of extrinsic moisture on wetting and …

Static Liquefaction In Tailing Dams, Jose Raul Zela Concha

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Fundao tailing dam in Brazil failed on November 5, 2015 causing loss in life, property and severe damage to the environment. The waste flow traveled at 11m/s and approximately 32 million m³ tailings was released into the downstream area. Investigations by regulators concluded that a series of poor designs and construction of the tailing were the causes of the failure. Further investigations also showed that surface failure occurred in the mid height of the slope with a safety factor of 0.52. Both investigations concluded that static liquefaction induced the failure of tailings dam. However, geology variation in the …

Size Effect And Anisotropy On The Strength Of Shale Under Compressive Stress Conditions, Yun Zhao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The underground coal mines in the Appalachian region report the highest rate of roof falls in the United States. The immediate roof of these mines is mostly composed of shale. The in-situ strength of shale is necessary for designing roof support to prevent roof falls. Estimating the in-situ strength of shale requires the knowledge of both size effect and anisotropy. This research used literature review, theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and laboratory experiment to systematically investigate the size effect and anisotropy of shale strength under compressive strength conditions.

Literature review involved a comprehensive summary of previous research on the size effect …

Saxs-Based Nano-Scale Pore Structure Characteristics Of Coals With Different Metamorphic Degrees, Zhang Yu, Li Yong, Wang Yanbin, Wang Zhuangsen, Zhao Shihu, Han Wenlong

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reveal the characteristics of nano-scale pores in coals with different metamorphic degrees, the small-angle X-ray scattering method (SAXS) is used to obtain the porosity, pore size distribution, specific surface area and fractal dimension of 15 samples whose vitrinite reflectance R_max is 0.31%-6.24%, and the low temperature CO₂ and N₂ adsorption DFT model results are used to verify the pore size distribution. The results show: during coalification process, when R_max is < 0.5%, the porosity and the specific surface area of coal increase with the increase of metamorphic degree, the micropores(< 2 nm) content increases seldomly, the mesoporous(2-50 nm) and microporous(50-100 nm) content increase greatly, and the surface of coal is gradually smooth. When R_max=0.5%-1.4%, the porosity and the specific surface area decrease, and each type of pore content is reduced, and the surface of …

Cbm Well Drainage Data-Based Dynamic Inversion Study Of Reservoir Gas Content, Ma Dongmin, Ji Yusong, Chen Yue, Zheng Chao, Teng Jinxiang, Ma Zhuoyuan, Xiao Jialong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The gas content of coal reservoir is the core parameter of coalbed methane production. There is an error between the measured gas content and the real gas content of coal reservoir. In this paper, based on the gas production of Haishiwan coalbed methane wells in different periods and the decrease of the "constant volume" of the gas content of coal reservoirs, the real-time gas content of coal reservoirs is inverted, and the change rule of the real-time gas content in the process of coalbed methane well drainage is explored. The results show that: (1) The gas content of coal reservoir …

3d Seismic Physical Modeling Acquisition Technology And Its Application, Liu Qiang, Shi Xianxin, Hu Jiwu, Dong Ruijing, Lian Chenguang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Seismic physical modeling acts as a bridge between the research on seismic theoretical methods and actual seismic exploration, which is an important means of studying the propagation law of the elastic wave field and verifying the processing and interpretation methods. It plays an important role of theoretical supporting in the field of oil & gas seismic exploration. There is a great difference between coalfield and oil & gas in seismic exploration attributes, and no professional automatic seismic physical modeling system has been built in the field of coal field seismic exploration. Therefore, a large professional 3D seismic physical modeling system …

Prevention And Control Technology Of Goaf Water Hazard In Unauthorized Mining Areas Of Extremely Soft And Medium-Thick Coal Seams, Li Zhi, Zheng Shitian, Shi Zhiyuan, Wang Yuhang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Unauthorized mining in coal pit is common in China's coal industry. As the scope of unauthorized mining and the amount of accumulated water are hard to determine, the goaf water seriously threatens the safety of mining in adjacent large coal mines. In order to explore the unauthorized boundary of coalpits quickly and accurately and prevent the threat of goaf water, the long distance drilling technology of ground bedding borehole in medium and thick coal seam is proposed based on the controllable trajectory and accurate positioning of ground directional drilling, which mainly includes precise drilling in extremely soft and medium-thick coal …

Research On The Coal Thickness Prediction Method Based On Vmd And Svm, Zeng Aiping, Zhang Jiawei, Ren Enming, Liu Tao, Jiang Fei, Liu Xingjin, Su Huairui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Changes in coal thickness have an important impact on safe and efficient coal mining. In order to solve the problem of large errors in coal thickness prediction results when the 3D seismic data contains noise, a method in which variable modal decomposition(VMD) and support vector machine(SVM) methods are combined for coal thickness prediction is proposed. Firstly, a coal-thickness wedge model is constructed and seismic forward modeling is performed on it. Based on the condition of thin coal seam thickness, the amplitude attribute and bandwidth attribute have a good positive correlation with the coal thickness, while the instantaneous frequency attribute has …

Research And Application Of The Prediction Method For Cbm Enrichment Area Of Low Rank Coal, Luo Zhongqin, Liu Peng, Meng Fanbin Research Institute Of Coal Geophysical Exploration, China National Administration Of Coal Geology, Zhuozhou 072750, China

Coal Geology & Exploration

The exploration of low rank coal coalbed methane(CBM) faces the problems of low resource exploration rate and low single well production. And medium and low rank coal CBM exploration is still in the primary stage. In order to improve the predition accuracy of the low rank coal CBM enrichment area, the laboratory test data of 652 coal samples from 56 wells in Hancheng, Jincheng Baode, Ji'ergalangtu Qinshui Basin, Huainan, Huaibei and other places were collected to compare the relationship between gas content and elastic parameters of high, medium and low rank coal samples. The results indicated that the correlation between …

Characteristics Of The Shale Gas Reservoirs And Evaluation Of Sweet Spots In Wufeng Formation And Longmaxi Formation In Jingmen Exploration Area, Li Xiaoming, Liu Jirong, Lin Wen, Ma Lihong, Liu Dexun, Chen Yujie

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to further clarify the resource potential of shale gas from Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation in Jingmen exploration area, sweet spots were selected. The shale in Wufeng Formation and 1th Member of Longmaxi Formation of the well X was taken as the research object in this study. Using sliced kerogen, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, micro nano CT scanning, geochemical analysis and other testing methods, combined with logging interpretation results, based on the petrology, organic geochemical and mineral composition, physical properties, pore types and structure characteristics and hydrocarbon content, the reservoir characteristics of Wufeng-1^th Member of the …

Analysis Of Organic Matter Maturity Of Sapropel Coal In Oil Layer A Of Haishiwan Mine Field Of Yaojie Mining Area, Song Xiaozhong, Zhang Bingzhong, Lei Ying, Song Yanqiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The vitrinite reflectance is recognized as the only comparable evaluation index of organic matter maturity of source rock in the exploration and development of oil and gas, shale gas and coalbed methane resources. Current research was done to determine the organic matter maturity of sapropel coal in oil layer A in Haishiwan mine field more accurately. Coal samples were collected from boreholes and observation of the optical characteristics of reflected light and fluorescence microscopic components were studied under the microscope. It was found that there are two different characteristic vitrinites in sapropel coal in oil layer A. One was fluorescent …

Prediction Of Fracture Distribution And Evaluation Of Shale Gas Preservation Conditions In Longmaxi Formation In Dongxi Area, Xie Jiatong, Fu Xiaoping, Qin Qirong, Li Hu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Commercial development of shale gas confirmed that mature shale has great potential for exploration, southeast Sichuan is the strategic pilot area of shale gas exploration and development in southern China, cracks are the key factor of shale gas preservation and development deployment, for the structural environment complex and special basin edge area, increasing the difficulty of shale crack research, but also provides a new direction for shale gas exploration and development. As a new field of oil and gas exploration in China, shale gas exploration has not yet developed a mature crack evaluation system. Taking Dongxi area of the southeast …

Experimental Study On Transient Electromagnetic Method With A Conical Source, Yang Haiyan, Liu Zhixin, Zhang Hua, Chen Xiao, Lian Zhe, Wang Ling, Yang Fujie

Coal Geology & Exploration

A new transmitter device-conical source has been proved theoretically to have several advantages for transient electromagnetic sounding. To verify application ability of conical source, two kinds of transmitter devices were designed and made, and the experimental studies on surface and in mine roadway were carried out. By applying high density resistivity achievements in surface experiment, the detecting results using conical source and multi-coils were compared. The results show that the description of strata resistivity with conical source is better than that with multi-coils. One fault was identified and the strike and position of which matches the high density resistivity result …

Development And Prospect Of Intelligent Drilling Technology And Equipment For Underground Coal Mines In China, Li Quanxin, Liu Fei, Fang Jun Xi'an Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Coal Technology And Engineering Group Corp., Xi'an 710077, China, Liu Jianlin, Chu Zhiwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

The intelligent drilling technology and equipment are important part of the intelligent construction of coal mine, and it is the advanced technology and equipment urgently needed by coal mine enterprises to further promote the work of reducing personnel and increasing efficiency. The phased achievements of underground intelligent drilling technology and equipment during the 13th five-year plan are systematically summarized, and the development status of key technical equipment such as automatic drilling rig, parameter monitoring of measurement while drilling(MWD) system, rotary steerable system are introduced. The key factors restricting the research and development (R & D) and application of intelligent drilling …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Geochemical Characteristics Of Marine-Continental Transitional Facies Shale And Shale Gas In Linxing Area, Chen Xin, Wu Peng, Gao Jixian, Hu Weiqiang, Ding Wangui, Li Yangbing, Liu Xueqing, Ma Litao, Liu Cheng, Kong Wei, Cao Di, Chen Jianqi, Li Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reveal the geochemical characteristics of shale and shale gas on the east edge of Ordos Basin, thin section identification, full rock and clay content, scanning electron microscope, organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, kerogen macerals, and kerogen carbon isotopes were tested, and the gas component and carbon isotopes composition of shale were analyzed. The results show that the mineral component of the transitional facies shale in Linxing area is mainly quartz and clay minerals, containing a small amount of calcite, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, dolomite and pyrite. Affected by the mineral genesis and deposition environment, different mineral components and organic …

Geological Characteristics And Reservoir-Forming Potential Of Shale Gas Of Transitional Facies In Linxing Area, Eastern Margin Of Ordos Basin, Wu Peng, Cao Di, Zhu Guanghui, Liu Xueqing, Li Yong, Li Yangbing, Hu Weiqiang, Liu Zaizhen, Kong Wei, Fei Jingliang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Shale gas of transitional facies is the important replacing area for increase of shale gas reserves and production. On the basis of the experiment and research data of shale of transitional facies of Linxing area in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, by selecting the strata series of Shanxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation and Benxi Formation as the research object, from the sedimentary environments, shale distribution, organic geochemical characteristics, mineralogy, physical characteristics and gas-bearing characteristics, etc., the geology characteristics of the shale gas transitional facies in the study area were summarized and dissected systematically to analyze its enrichment and reservoir-forming potential. …

Qualitative-Quantitative Multi Scale Characteristics Of Shale Pore Structure From Upper Paleozoic Coal-Measures In Linxing Area, Liu Cheng, Ding Wangui, Zhang Jian, Chen Xin, Wu Peng, Liu Xueqing, Li Yangbing, Ma Litao, Hu Weiqiang, Kong Wei, Li Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reveal the micro-pore structure characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale and its main controlling factors in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, and to enrich the understanding of pore development characteristics and pore structure of marine-continental transitional coal-bearing shale in the block, scanning electron microscope, high-pressure mercury injection and liquid nitrogen adsorption analysis were used to characterize the micro-pore structure characteristics of shale in Linxing area. Furthermore, porosity, total content of organic carbon, mineral content, clay relative content and organic matter maturity were tested to study the main controlling factors of development of shale pore structure. The results …

Characteristics Of Shallow Coal Measure Gas Reservoir And Key Technologies Of Exploration And Development In Yaojie Mining Area, Du Xinfeng, Yuan Chongliang, Wang Zhengxi, Wang Junde, Li Shibing, Liu Jingdan, He Xiuqing, Zhang Tianguo, Shan Yuanwei, Fang Jiawei

Coal Geology & Exploration

The exploration and development of coal measures gas can not only effectively improve the single well production of coalbed methane in coal mining areas, reduce the waste of resources, but also alleviate the energy crisis in China, reduce coal mine gas accidents, protect the atmospheric environment, and contribute to the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Based on the shallow coal measure gas development demonstration project in the third mining area of Haishiwan mine field, the characteristics of coal measure gas reservoirs in Yaojie mining area are analyzed, and the key technologies for coal-measure gas exploration and development are …

A 3d Seismic Physical Modeling System Of Large Double Triaxial Air-Supported Positioning And Multichannel Data Acquisition And Its Application, Shi Xianxin, Liu Qiang, Hu Jiwu, Wang Pan, Lian Chenguang, Jia Qian, Zhang Miaomiao, Nie Ailan

Coal Geology & Exploration

As an important technology to study seismic wave propagation characteristics, 3D seismic physical simulation is an effective method to understand the propagation law and response characteristics of seismic waves in complex structures. It has the advantages of more realistic results and no limitation on calculation methods and boundary conditions over numerical simulation. Therefore, it has important applications in the research of the basic law of seismic wave propagation, verification of field seismic exploration methods, design optimization of observation systems, etc. This paper presents a 3D seismic physical modeling system of large double triaxial air-supported positioning and multichannel data acquisition, which …

Physical Modeling Of Seismic Response For The Coal Seams Of Yan'an Formation In Loess Tableland Of North China, Xing Tingdong, Xue Shigui, Li Xiaowei, Suo Chonghui, Wang Huiming, Jiao Yanyan

Coal Geology & Exploration

A seismic physical simulation is carried out for the complex seismic response of the coal seam of Yan'an Formation in the loess tableland. First, the physical model materials for the dry layer near the surface of the loess tableland and the coal seam are developed. After several tests, a mixture of silicone rubber with silicon aerogel powder is selected to simulate the surface of the loess tableland, and the mixture with ultra-fine carbon powder added to silicone rubber is used to simulate the low-speed and low-density coal seam. Through the methods of molds control layer, layer by layer pouring, three-dimensional …

Design And Construction Of A Seismic Physical Model Of Room-Pillar Goafs In Shallow Coal Seams, Wang Pan, Zhu Shujie, Jia Qian, Jian Benqi, Lian Miaomiao, Dong Ruijing

Coal Geology & Exploration

In view of the problem of low detection accuracy of room-pillar goafs in shallow coal seams in northern Shaanxi, the seismic physical model is designed for physical simulation according to the principle of similarity ratio of geometry size and wave impedance. Through a large number of ratio tests of similar materials, the ratio of epoxy resin and silicone rubber is determined as 1 : 1.2 for similar materials of low velocity loess layer, 1 : 0.2 : 0.6 for epoxy resin, silicone rubber and talc for mudstone, 1 : 0.4 for epoxy resin and silicone rubber for coal seams, 1 …