Engineering Commons^™

Quantifying Deviation Of Elasticity In The Quasi-Elastic Domain Of Granular Soils, Wen Deng, Yufan Jin, Pingxin Xia, Qingqing Fu, Xiong Xia, Xiaoxia Guo

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The absence of purely elastic properties in granular soil is attributed to the reversible sliding that occurs between particles during the loading–unloading cycle, leading to the dissipation of energy through friction. Instead of the strictly elastic domain, we opt for a quasi-elastic domain to examine elastic behavior within the confines of elastic theory. Within this quasi-elastic realm, the response deviates to some extent from the idealized pure elastic behavior posited by the elastic theory. As a result, the elastic constitutive relations applied to granular materials are no longer strictly accurate and may exhibit deviations. With the aim of exploring the …

Extending The Applicability Of Thermal Protection System Ballistic Limit Equations Beyond The Testable Regime, William P. Schonberg, Michael D. Squire

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Spacecraft use thermal insulation in their design, which is usually placed on their exterior. As such, it is susceptible to high-speed impacts by meteoroids and orbital debris, which can damage it to a point where the protection it offers is below acceptable limits. It is important to be able to characterize expected levels of damage stemming from such high-speed impacts. In this paper, we extend the applicability of a previously developed ballistic limit equation (BLE) for one such thermal insulation material using the results of a series of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Code (SPHC) impact simulations at velocities in excess of …

Florida Statewide Coastal Restoration Guide, Melinda J. Donnelly, Matthew Martin, Christen Fleming, Kelly Kibler, Linda Walters, Patrick Shearer, Lauren Jennison, Erika Lin, George Zaragoza

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The Statewide Coastal Restoration Guide (SCRG) is a comprehensive planning resource developed through a collaboration between Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), University of Central Florida (UCF), and Resource Environmental Solutions (RES) to strengthen and unify shoreline restoration efforts across Florida. With over 4,500 miles of estuarine shoreline, Florida’s coasts are vital to the state’s ecological health, economic prosperity, and community resilience. However, they face increasing threats from sea level rise, stronger storms, erosion, habitat degradation, and development. The SCRG responds to these challenges by providing science-based, non-regulatory guidance for implementing resilient, nature-based restoration strategies that protect both ecosystems and …

Machine Learning Approach For Defect Prediction In Metal 3d Printing For Aerospace Applications, Yerlik Gabdulla, Md Hazrat Ali, Frank Liou, Essam Shehab

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the aerospace industry by enabling the production of lightweight and high-strength components, such as aerospace engine components and structural elements. The ability to create complex geometries and reduce material waste is particularly beneficial for aerospace applications, where performance and weight reduction are paramount. However, ensuring the quality and reliability of these components remains a challenge, particularly in mass production, which is related to material quality, expensive processes, and longer computational times than conventional manufacturing methods. This paper proposes an approach utilizing a Decision Tree Classification Machine Learning Algorithm to predict the possibility of defect occurrence …

In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation Of Grain Size And Temperature Dependent Irradiation Behavior Of 304l Stainless Steel, Anish Ranjan, Matthew Luebbe, Nastaran Motaharinia, Wei Ying Chen, Frank Liou, Haiming Wen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The influence of grain size, irradiation temperature, and dose on the evolution of irradiation-induced defects in austenitic 304L stainless steel (SS) was systematically investigated. Coarse-grained (CG), ultrafine-grained (UFG), and nanocrystalline (NC) specimens were exposed to irradiation doses up to 10 displacements per atom (dpa) at room temperature (RT), 300°C, and 500°C. Dislocation loop size and density were quantitatively analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and results showed that the dislocation loop size remained comparable across different grain sizes. However, loop density was strongly dependent on the grain size. The CG specimens exhibited the highest loop density due to a limited fraction …

Adaptation For Whom? Understanding The Impacts Of Dyke Policies On Small-Scale Farmers In Ca Mau Province Of Vietnam, Nguyen Minh Quang, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Martha B. Lerski

Publications and Research

Low-lying deltas worldwide are extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise. As the risks of climate-induced flooding become increasingly clear, the thirst for infrastructure-driven adaptation increases. This highlights a patent need to understand the impacts of engineering adaptation solutions, especially those targeting built structures such as dykes and sluices, on farmers from a bottom-up, farmer-centred perspective. The study addresses this call by examining cases where dyke policies, while successful in some dimensions, have undermined small-scale farmer livelihoods in Ca Mau ― Vietnam’s southernmost rural province. It identifies areas in need of attention and adds empirical data related to this group of farmers. …

Power Saving In Open Ran By Using Advanced Cpu Scheduling Algorithm, Saish Urumkar, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN is an emerging wireless technology that is gaining significant attention for its potential to enable flexi- ble, cost-efficient, and interoperable networks. Reducing power utilization in Open RAN, particularly for 5G base stations (gNodeBs) deployed in remote areas, remains a critical challenge due to limited power availability. In our previous work, we developed a CPU scheduling algorithm that optimized core allocation based on load conditions, reducing power utilization for gNodeB in a virtualized Open RAN environment. Extending our previous work, this paper introduces an advanced CPU scheduling for Open RAN designed to reduce power utilization in real hardware Open …

Effect Of Gluconate Molecules On The Reaction Kinetics Of C-(N)-A-S-H And N-A-S-H Gel Formation, Jiafeng Kong, Chao Sun, Zuhua Zhang, Chenglong Cai, Yubin Cao, Yanru Wang, Hongyan Ma, Xuesen Zeng, Hao Wang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Organic ligands are widely used to regulate setting in cementitious binders, yet their chemistry-selective action in geopolymers (GPs) remains unclear. Here we isolate the role of sodium gluconate (SG) in early reaction kinetics across a Ca-rich GP that forms a calcium-(sodium)-aluminosilicate hydrate (C-(N)-A-S-H) gel and a Ca-poor GP that forms a sodium-aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel. Four GPs spanning Ca/Si ≈ 1.01 to 0.01 were prepared with identical activator chemistry and dosages of SG up to 5 wt.% of precursors. Setting time, isothermal calorimetry, pore-solution speciation (TOC, ICP-OES, and pH), selective dissolution (reaction extent), low-field¹H NMR, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, …

Every Publication Needs An Author Verified Tl;Dr Statement, Sarah Oerther, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Surface And Physical Property On Multiphase Flow In Sealed Vessel: Liquid Dropdown Performance, Mehedi Hasan Tusar, Palash K. Bhowmik, Kazuma Kobayashi, Syed Bahauddin Alam, Shoaib Usman

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study explores multi-phase (i.e., liquid-gas) and multi-fluid (i.e., air-water, and water-silicone oil) flow-pattern and flow-blockage physics phenomena for wall wettability conditions ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic cases in sealed vessels utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools and volume-of-fluid (VOF) method with sharp interface modeling. Detailed modeling and simulation (M&S) of such physics phenomena—in which liquid (e.g., water) stands over top of gas (e.g., air or steam) in a closed channel and exhibited flow blockage, flow reversal related challenges—are pivotal for design, analysis, and qualification of component-level (e.g., heat pipes, heat exchangers) to system-level (e.g., emergency core cooling systems …

Lead Bioaccessibility And Commonly Measured Soil Characteristics (Detroit, Mi, Usa) Phase Ii, Conor T. Gowan, Sabrina R. Good, Allison R. Harris, Patrick Crouch, Shawn P. Mcelmurry

Open Data at Wayne State

Urban soil contaminated with anthropogenic sources of Pb is a major contributor to child Pb exposure. To assess the Pb risk in urban areas, composite samples were collected from 142 voluntary privately owned 142 residential parcels in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park, Michigan. Samples were collected at two time periods, before and after treatment applied for those denoted as treatment sites. Samples were collected from areas covered with turf grass on the parcels from the front, middle and rear sections. Soils were collected with a bulb planter at approximately 10cm depth and were cleaned with a tap water-Liquinox detergent solution …

Future Of Bse Days 2025: Growing A Regenerative Bse, Derek M. Heeren, Santosh Pitla, Jennifer R. Keshwani, Mark Stone

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

The Future of BSE Days 2025: Growing a Regenerative BSE brought together over 150 faculty, staff, students, and partners to envision the next quarter-century of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering. The event emphasized regeneration—not only of resources and ecosystems, but also of ideas, learning models, and relationships. Across seven major sessions—three Spark Talks and four Pillar Workshops—participants explored how BSE can thrive amid technological disruption, demographic change, and societal transformation.

Key Outcomes

Redefining Impact: This session challenged participants to evolve from counting outputs to valuing relationships, collaboration, and community well-being.

Adaptive Learning Models: This discussion introduced design studios, micro-credentials, …

Nebraska Summary #1293: Fendt 618 Vario, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Aviation Sustainability & Infrastructure, Eva Maleviti

Publications

MS Aviation & Aerospace Sustainability

What Makes The Embry-Riddle Program Unique?

► Industry-driven program
► Technology pathways
► 100% online asynchronous teaching through Canvas learning platform
► 10 courses/30 U.S. credits hours (60 ECTs) all on Aviation & Aerospace Sustainability topics
► Covers the latest trends in the industry
► Utilizes real case studies

Hydrogen Standards And Aviation Sustainability, Eva Maleviti, Evan Stamoulis, Elen Paraschi

Publications

Standards from ISO, SAE, and ASTM are essential for certification, safety, and sustainability validation.

Hydrogen Readiness In Aviation & Challenges- Technology Meets Regulation And Market Demand, Eva Maleviti

Publications

Where technology meets regulation and market demand.

A Comprehensive Review And Bibliometric Analysis On Collaborative Robotics For Industry: Safety Emerging As A Core Focus, Aida Haghighi, Morteza Cheraghi, Jérôme Pocachard, Valérie Botta-Genoulaz, Sabrina Jocelyn, Hamidreza Pourzarei

Revues de littérature, synthèses de connaissances

Research organizations and academics often seek to map the development of scientific fields, identify research gaps, and guide the direction of future research. In cobot-related research, the scientific literature consulted does not propose any comprehensive research agenda. Moreover, cobots, industrial robots inherently designed to collaborate with humans, bring with them emerging issues. To solve them, interdisciplinary research is often essential (e.g., combination of engineering, ergonomics and biomechanics expertise to handle safety challenges). This paper proposes an exhaustive study that employs a scoping review and bibliometric analysis to provide a structured macro perspective on the developments, key topics, and trends in …

Ieee 802.11n And Ieee 802.11ax Networks Under Various Propagation Models, Jun Peng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

IEEE 802.11n networks are the first generation of Wi-Fi networks to reach data rates of hundreds of megabits per second. They are also the first to use MIMO technologies in Wi-Fi networks. They can operate in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands and use 20 or 40 MHz channel width. Similarly, IEEE 802.11ax networks can operate in both 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz frequency bands and use 20, 40, 80, or 160 MHz channel width. For channel access, IEEE 802.11ax networks use CSMA/CA, multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), and OFDMA. They can reach data rates of multiple gigabits per second. …

Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2025, 145th Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting

Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings

Program

Aeronautics and Space Science

Biological and Medical Sciences

Biology

Chemistry

Earth Sciences

Science Education

Anthropology

Applied Science and Technology

Physics and Engineering

Forensic Sciences

Ecology, Sustainability, and Environmental Science

Maiben Lecture: Mary Ann Vinton, "State of the Academy"

Friends of Science Awards: David Crouse and Daniel Sitzman

Powersynth 2: Automated Power Electronics Physical Design Synthesis With Custom And Heterogeneous Components, Mehran Sanjabiasasi, Alan H. Mantooth, Yarui Peng

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electronics Design Automation (EDA) has shown significant importance in the power electronics industry. As power electronic circuits become more complex, the traditional trial-and-error approach in physical design becomes less effective and time-consuming. Novel packaging technologies and intelligent physical design automation solutions are crucial to overcome these challenges and produce reliable solutions. PowerSynth 2 is an EDA tool for generating and optimizing power module layouts. To extend the layout synthesis capability beyond power modules, the layout engine needs to consider various custom components such as capacitors, inductors, and gate drivers. This research presents a novel framework for the layout synthesis process …

Demonstrating The Impact Of Cpu Scheduling On Power Consumption In Virtualized Open Ran, Saish Urumkar, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN (Open Radio Access Network) is a next- generation wireless network gaining significant research interest globally due to its potential to provide a cost-efficient and scalable solution for growing network demands. Energy efficiency is an important area of focus in Open RAN deployments, as reducing power consumption while maintaining network performance is essential for sustainable wireless communication. This paper demonstrates the impact of CPU (Central Processing Unit) scheduling process priorities on power consumption and network performance in an Open RAN NodeB deployed on a testbed in the USA. The experimental results are demonstrated using two scenarios: (1) CPU Priority-Based …

Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning For Dynamic Algorithm Selection In Open Ran, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) provide flexible, modular multi-vendor interoperability. Growing mobile data demand requires balancing network performance with power efficiency. Mobile operators need intelligent resource management to achieve Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets while maintaining operational efficiency. This paper proposes a solution using a multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (MODRL) model deployed on the Open RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). Three customizable operator profiles (Power Saving, Balanced, and Performance) are used which define specific priority ratios between performance and power saving objectives.

To evaluate, individual algorithms (CPU scheduling and UE connection state switching) are implemented in Open RAN, achieving 5–20%CPU …

Pac-Oran: Power Saving Cpu Scheduling Approach For Scalable Mobile Ues In Open Ran, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Somayeh Mohammady, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN is a next-generation wireless network technology that promotes flexibility, cost efficiency, and interoperability through disaggregation and open interfaces. Energy efficiency remains a key challenge, especially in scalable deployments with many connected User Equipments (UEs), where dynamic power management at the gNodeB is critical. In this paper PAC-ORAN (Power-saving Adaptive CPU Scheduling for Open RAN) is proposed which is an advanced CPU scheduling algorithm evaluated with a large number of connected UEs to gNodeb. PAC-ORAN includes an advanced method using moving average adaptive threshold selection and dynamically adjusting CPU core states and frequency tuning based on real-time CPU metrics. …

Immersive Modeling Of Water Banking Elicits Local Knowledge To Explore Strategies To Get More Water To Great Salt Lake, Hadia Akbar, David E. Rosenberg

Civil and Environmental Engineering Student Research

This study used immersive online collaborative modeling of water banking to explore strategies to get more water to the declining Great Salt Lake (GSL). In a model session, each collaborator immersed in a water user role. They articulated a strategy to consume and bank water. Then they adapted their strategy in response to their available water, others’ choices, and the real-time discussion of choices. Collaborators included 29 farmers, ranchers, practitioners, and experts. Collaborators who personified agricultural users had the most varied strategies. They balanced economic viability, long-term sustainability, and land preservation. Pricing water was challenging, with prices ranging from $15 …

In‑Situ Characterization And Modeling Of Machining‑Induced Residual Stresses In Peripheral Milling Of Ti–6al–4v With Rounded Cutting Edges, Matthias Wimmer, Julius M. Schoop, Michael F. Zaeh

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The residual stress state in the sub-surface of machined components can significantly impact the properties and performance of parts, such as tribological properties, fatigue life, and dimensional distortion. The evolution of residual stresses depends on the selected process parameters and tool geometry, which affect the thermo-mechanical load imposed on the workpiece. The cutting-edge radius is among the most important factors influencing the resulting residual stresses. In this paper, a semi-analytical model for the determination of residual stresses after peripheral milling of Ti–6Al–4V is presented. It considers the physical principles of orthogonal machining, including the complex geometric and kinematic relationships during …

Prescribed-Time Nash Equilibrium Seeking For Pursuit-Evasion Game Under Intermittent Control With Undirected/Directed Graph, Lei Xue, Jianfeng Ye, Yongbao Wu, Jian Liu, D. C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper studies the prescribed-time Nash equilibrium (PTNE) seeking problem of the pursuit-evasion game (PEG) with second-order dynamics under the intermittent control (IC) strategy. To achieve Nash equilibrium (NE) in a user-defined prescribed-time, a time-varying high-gain function is incorporated into the design. The core challenge lies in applying IC to NE seeking, which complicates the convergence analysis and control design. To address this sticking point, we construct an auxiliary function and propose a Lyapunov function considering second-order dynamics to solve the PTNE seeking problem of PEG. Building upon the results for undirected graphs, we further extend our findings to directed …

Microwave Photonic Fiber Ring Resonator For Optical Sensing Based On In-Ring And Out-Of-Ring Modulation, Shiyu Li, Chen Zhu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Intensity-modulated optical fiber sensors (IM-OFSs) have garnered significant research interest due to their advantageous characteristics, including simplified fabrication procedures, cost-efficient systems, and straightforward signal demodulation, leading to their widespread application across diverse fields. Nevertheless, the multiplexing technique for IM-OFSs remains underexplored, primarily because isolating the contributions of individual sensors within the system using traditional power measurements poses a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce and experimentally validate a novel approach leveraging a simple microwave-photonic fiber ring resonator (MWP-FRR). This approach enables the concurrent interrogation of two IM-OFSs based on an in-and-out-of-ring-modulation (IORM) strategy. The transmission losses of both IM-OFSs …

A Data-Driven Adaptive Control Approach For Enhancing The Dynamic Response Ff Vsgs In Varying Grid Conditions, Shah Fahad, Buxin She, Junjie Yin, Fangxing Li, Hantao Cui, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Conventionally, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is designed for islanded mode (IM) operation to meet specific operational requirements such as the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). However, the operation of VSG designed for IM may not meet the operational and control criteria in grid connected mode (GCM) when the grid conditions vary. In addition, conventional VSG control technology does not consider the influence of the presynchronization scheme when connected to a weak grid, which degrades the RoCoF in IM. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the proposed study presents a twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm to improve the …

Cognitive Fatigue Detection Using Photoplethysmography (Ppg) And Reaction Time Data, Anhar Sami Mohammed, Prajoy Podder, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Cihan Dagli

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a framework for real-time cognitive fatigue detection among shift workers using an integrated approach that combines photoplethysmography (PPG) data and reaction time analysis with advanced deep learning models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs). The system leverages heart rate variability (HRV) and reaction time data to identify fatigue indicators. The results demonstrate significant performance, with the first FNN model achieving a test accuracy of 98.94% and a loss of 0.2928, while the second FNN model achieved the same accuracy with a slightly higher loss of 0.3089. The LSTM model, designed for sequential …

Online Learning-Driven Human Intent Estimation And Control For Human-Robot Interaction, Irfan Ganie, S. Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a novel Stackelberg-game theoretic multilayer-online learning framework for cooperative control of nonlinear Physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI), where the human is modeled as the leader guiding a robot follower. This hierarchical interaction is captured as a dynamic Stackelberg game, with the human's intention estimated in real-time through online multilayer neural networks (MNNs). We introduce SVD-based weight update laws for actor-critic MNNs, which approximate value functions and control inputs for both human and robot, eliminating the need for predefined basis functions. In this framework, the human objective is first inferred and used to guide the robot actions by shaping …