Engineering Commons^™

Feddp: A Privacy-Protecting Theft Detection Scheme In Smart Grids Using Federated Learning, Muhammad Mansoor Ashraf, Muhammad Waqas, Ghulam Abbas, Thar Baker, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Hisham Alasmary

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In smart grids (SGs), the systematic utilization of consumer energy data while maintaining its privacy is of paramount importance. This research addresses this problem by energy theft detection while preserving the privacy of client data. In particular, this research identifies centralized models as more accurate in predicting energy theft in SGs but with no or significantly less data protection. Current research proposes a novel federated learning (FL) framework, namely FedDP, to tackle this issue. The proposed framework enables various clients to benefit from on-device prediction with very little communication overhead and to learn from the experience of other clients with …

Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation Using Reinforcement Learning: A Systematic Review, Fadi Almahamid, Katarina Grolinger

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

There is an increasing demand for using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), known as drones, in different applications such as packages delivery, traffic monitoring, search and rescue operations, and military combat engagements. In all of these applications, the UAV is used to navigate the environment autonomously --- without human interaction, perform specific tasks and avoid obstacles. Autonomous UAV navigation is commonly accomplished using Reinforcement Learning (RL), where agents act as experts in a domain to navigate the environment while avoiding obstacles. Understanding the navigation environment and algorithmic limitations plays an essential role in choosing the appropriate RL algorithm to solve the …

Developing Optical Devices And Projects For Teaching Engineering, Nathan D. Lemke, John Mccauley, Tristan E. Noble, Grace Riermann, Ellesa St. George, Nathan C. Lindquist, Keith R. Stein, Karen Irene Rogers

Physics and Engineering Faculty Publications

We are creating a suite of tools and techniques based on optics to be used for teaching a variety of engineering topics. Each tool is intended for non-expert use and without the need for high-end equipment such as vibration-free optical tables. Here we report progress on three such tools: image-plane digital holography for measuring mechanical deformation; schlieren imaging of convective flows using a smart phone; and a simple optical communication protocol using LabVIEW. We will present the designs of the tools and preliminary results from teaching engineering labs and projects with these tools. Specific courses impacted to date include Fluid …

A Dual-Stack Coaxial Magnetic Gear For A Wave Energy Conversion Generator, Hossein Baninajar, Sina Modaresahmadi, Ho Yin Wong, Jonathan Z. Bird, Wesley B. Williams, Bertrand Dechant, Parker Southwick

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents the electromagnetic and mechanical design and analyses of a 7.67:1 gear ratio magnetic gear for a wave energy converter demonstrator. A 2-D and 3-D magnetostatic finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to maximize the mass torque density. To increase torque without increasing the diameter a unique dual-stack rotor topology was used along with a twelve-segment per pole-pair inner rotor Halbach array and a four-segment per pole-pair outer rotor Halbach topology. The eddy current loss within the magnetic gear was mitigated by using laminated magnets and a low-loss electrical steel. The experimentally tested magnetic gear had a peak …

The Missing Link Between Standing-And Traveling-Wave Resonators, Qi Zhong, Haoqi Zhao, Liang Feng, Kurt Busch, Sahin K. Özdemir, Ramy El-Ganainy

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Optical resonators are structures that utilize wave interference and feedback to confine light in all three dimensions. Depending on the feedback mechanism, resonators can support either standing-or traveling-wave modes. Over the years, the distinction between these two different types of modes has become so prevalent that nowadays it is one of the main characteristics for classifying optical resonators. Here, we show that an intermediate link between these two rather different groups exists. In particular, we introduce a new class of photonic resonators that supports a hybrid optical mode, i.e. at one location along the resonator the electromagnetic fields associated with …

Nonlinear Strong Coupling By Second-Harmonic Generation Enhancement In Plasmonic Nanopatch Antennas, Bryson Krause, Dhananjay Mishra, Jiyang Chen, Christos Argyropoulos, Thang Hoang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Enhanced electromagnetic fields within plasmonic nanocavity mode volumes enable multiple significant effects that lead to applications in both the linear and nonlinear optical regimes. In this work, we demonstrate enhanced second harmonic generation from individual plasmonic nanopatch antennas which are formed by separating silver nanocubes from a smooth gold film using a sub-10 nm zinc oxide spacer layer. When the nanopatch antennas are excited at their fundamental plasmon frequency, a 10⁴-fold increase in the intensity of the second harmonic generation wave is observed. Moreover, by integrating quantum emitters that have an absorption energy at the fundamental frequency, a …

Myosin Ii Adjusts Motility Properties And Regulates Force Production Based On Motor Environment, Omayma Y. Al Azzam, Janie C. Watts, Justin E. Reynolds, Juliana E. Davis, Dana N. Reinemann

Faculty and Student Publications

Introduction—Myosin II has been investigated with optical trapping, but single motor-filament assay arrangements are not reflective of the complex cellular environment. To understand how myosin interactions propagate up in scale to accomplish system force generation, we devised a novel actomyosin ensemble optical trapping assay that reflects the hierarchy and compliancy of a physiological environment and is modular for interrogating force effectors.

Methods—Hierarchical actomyosin bundles were formed in vitro. Fluorescent template and cargo actin filaments (AF) were assembled in a flow cell and bundled by myosin. Beads were added in the presence of ATP to bind the cargo AF …

Machine Learning Assisted High-Sensitivity And Large-Dynamic-Range Curvature Sensor Based On No-Core Fiber And Hollow-Core Fiber, Chen Zhu, Yiyang Zhuang, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Simultaneously Increasing the Sensitivity and Dynamic Range of an Optical Fiber Sensor is Desired and Yet Challenging. in This Article, We Demonstrate an Optical Fiber Curvature Sensor based on a No-Core Fiber (NCF) Cascaded with a Hollow-Core Fiber (HCF), Realizing Simultaneously High Sensitivity and a Large Dynamic Range with the Assistance of Machine Learning Analysis. the Sensor is Fabricated by Simply Fusion Splicing a Section of NCF and HCF to Two Single-Mode Fibers (SMFs), Forming the SMF-NCF-HCF-SMF Hybrid Structure. It is Shown that the Multimode Interference in the NCF Can Increase the Sensitivity of the Device for Curvature Measurements, Compared …

Sensitivity-Enhanced Fiber-Optic Sensor In A Microwave Photonics Fiber Loop Ringdown System, Chen Zhu, Yiyang Zhuang, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Article We Report a Microwave Photonics Fiber Loop Ringdown (MWP-FLRD) Interrogated Fiber-Optic Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity. a Section of a Single-Mode Fiber in the Fiber Loop is Macro-Bent into a Circular Ring as the Element Responsive to Displacement. When the Circular Ring is Subjected to External Displacement, the Transmission Loss of the Loop Changes, Resulting in a Change in the Ringdown Time of the MWP-FLRD System. to Enhance the Measurement Sensitivity, a Multi-Turn Structure is Proposed and Experimentally Demonstrated. Compared to the Traditional Time-Domain FLRD System, the MWP-FLRD System Employs a Frequency Domain Measurement, Showing a High Signal-To-Noise …

Soft Electronics And Sensors For Wearable Healthcare Applications, Li-Wei Lo

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Wearable electronics are becoming increasingly essential to personalized medicine by collecting and analyzing massive amounts of biological signals from internal organs, muscles, and blood vessels. Conventional rigid electronics may lead to motion artifacts and errors in collected data due to the mismatches in mechanical properties between human skin. Instead, soft wearable electronics provide a better platform and interface that can form intimate contact and conformably adapt to human skin. In this respect, this thesis focuses on new materials formulation, fabrication, characterization of low-cost, high sensitivity and reliable sensors for wearable health monitoring applications.

More specifically, we have studied the silver …

Model-Based Deep Learning For Computational Imaging, Xiaojian Xu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation addresses model-based deep learning for computational imaging. The motivation of our work is driven by the increasing interests in the combination of imaging model, which provides data-consistency guarantees to the observed measurements, and deep learning, which provides advanced prior modeling driven by data. Following this idea, we develop multiple algorithms by integrating the classical model-based optimization and modern deep learning to enable efficient and reliable imaging. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms by validating their performance on various imaging applications and providing rigorous theoretical analysis.

The dissertation evaluates and extends three general frameworks, plug-and-play priors (PnP), regularized …

Analysis Of The Temperature Characteristics Of High-Speed Train Bearings Based On A Dynamics Model And Thermal Network Method, Baosen Wang, Yongqiang Liu, Bin Zhang, Wenqing Huai

Faculty Publications

High-speed trains often use temperature sensors to monitor the motion state of bearings. However, the temperature of bearings can be affected by factors such as weather and faults. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in detail the relationship between the bearing temperature and influencing factors. In this study, a dynamics model of the axle box bearing of high-speed trains is established. The model can obtain the contact force between the rollers and raceway and its change law when the bearing contains outer-ring, inner-ring, and rolling-element faults. Based on the model, a thermal network method is introduced to study the temperature …

Low-Cost And Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based On Van Der Waals Semiconductors On Paper Substrates, Gulsum Ersu, Carmen Munuera, Federico J. Mompean, Daniel Vaquero, Jorge Quereda, Jooao Elias Rodrigues, Jose A. Alonso, Eduardo Flores, Jose R. Ares, Isbael J. Ferrer, Adbullah M. Al-Enizi, Ayman Nafady, Sruthi Kuriakose, Joshua O. Island, Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper substrates. The devices are based on thin films of WS2, Te, and BP (P-type semiconductors) and TiS3 and TiS2 (N-type semiconductors), deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against paper. The thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of (+1.32 ± 0.27) mV K−1 and (−0.82 ± 0.15) mV K−1 for WS2 and TiS3, respectively. Additionally, Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P- and N-type films with graphite electrodes. A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K−1 was obtained when the Peltier …

Development Of The Subwave Rov And Neural-Inertial Positioning System, Jason Farmer

Theses and Dissertations

This report documents the development of the Subwave, a remotely-operated underwater vehicle (ROV), and an artificial neural network based inertial positioning system. The Subwave uses the open-source ArduSub software framework, commercial-off-the-shelf hardware components, and several custom systems. It is designed as a platform for researching autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The first step for an AUV is navigating waypoints, which requires the AUV to know its global position. Since global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are denied underwater, the available underwater positioning systems were surveyed and determined that all the available systems were too large and expensive for the Subwave. It was …

Short-Term Electricity Price Point And Probabilistic Forecasts, Chenxu Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Accurate short-term electricity price forecasts are essential to all electricity market participants. Generation companies adopt price forecasts to hedge generation shortage risks; load serving entities use price forecasts to purchase energy with low cost; and trading companies utilize price forecasts to arbitrage between markets.

Currently, researches on point forecast mainly focus on exploring periodic patterns of electricity price in time domain. However, frequency domain enables us to identify more information within price data to facilitate forecast. Besides, price spike forecast has not been fully studied in the existing works. Therefore, we propose a short-term electricity price forecast framework that analyzes …

Modeling Supercritical Fluids And Fabricating Electret Films To Address Dielectric Challenges In High-Power-Density Systems, Farhina Haque

Theses and Dissertations

Wide bandgap (WBG) devices and power electronic converters (PEC) that enable the dynamic control of energy and high-power density designs inevitably contain defects including sharp edges, triple points, and cavities, which result in local electric field enhancements. The intensified local electric stresses cause either immediate dielectric breakdown or partial discharge (PD) that erodes electrical insulators and accelerates device aging. With the goal of addressing these dielectric challenges emerging in power-dense applications, this dissertation focuses on 1) modeling the dielectric characteristics of supercritical fluids (SCFs), which is a new dielectric medium with high dielectric strength and high cooling capability; and 2) …

Evaluating Serverless Computing, Charitra Maharjan

LSU Master's Theses

Function as a Service (FaaS) is gaining admiration because of its way of deploying the computations to serverless backends in the different clouds. It transfers the complexity of provisioning and allocating the necessary resources for an application to the cloud providers. The cloud providers also give an illusion of always availability of resources to the users. Among the cloud providers, AWS serverless platform offers a new paradigm for developing cloud applications without worrying about the underlying hardware infrastructure. It manages not only the resource provisioning and scaling of an application but also provides an opportunity to reimagine the cloud infrastructure …

28 Ghz Patch Antenna Array With Reduced Mutual Coupling For 5g Communications Systems, Rahabu F. Mwang’Amba, Hashimu Uledi Iddi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A 28 GHz patch antenna array with reduced mutual coupling for 5G communication systems is presented in this paper. Two elements antenna array was simulated with a periodic boundary to represent an infinity array. The antenna array is attached with a pair of the coupled directional coupler with a coupling value of -3.47 dB, and transmission lengths of 3.40 mm and 7.62 mm depending on the antenna array's magnitude and phase coefficient were designed and simulated. A reduced mutual coupling of -31.86 dB compared to -10.75 dB for an array without a decoupling network was observed. The wide scanning angle …

Team Building Without Boundaries, Andy Perkins, Joan Peckham, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Xiuzhen Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Team building can be challenging when participants are from the same discipline or sub-discipline, but needs special attention when participants use a different vocabulary and have different cultural views on what constitutes viable problems and solutions. Essential to No Boundary Thinking (NBT) teams is proper formulation of the problem to be solved, and a basic tenant is that the NBT team must come together with diverse perspectives to decide the problem before solutions can be considered. Given that participants come with different views on problem formulation and solution, it is important to consider a robust process for team formation and …

Nbt (No-Boundary Thinking): Needed To Attend To Ethical Implications Of Data And Ai, Joan Peckham, Andy Perkins, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Xiuzhen Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this era of Big Data and AI, expertise in multiple aspects of data, computing, and the domains of application is needed. This calls for teams of experts with different training and perspectives. Because data analysis can have serious ethical implications, it is important that these teams are well and deeply integrated. No-Boundary Thinking (NBT) teams can provide support for team formation and maintenance, thereby attending to the many dimensions of the ethics of data and analysis. In this NBT workshop session, we discuss the ethical concerns that arise from the use of data and AI, and the implications for …

Ultraviolet Chiral Plasmonics, Tiago Ramos Leite Da Silva

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The far- (λ < 250 nm) ultraviolet (UV) chiroptical response from protein secondary structures can aid in understanding protein interactions for drug discovery. Chiral metasurfaces have attracted attention to enhance the intrinsically weak biomolecular optical activity for improved structural biology characterization. However, due to materials and fabrication challenges, current metasurfaces mostly operate in the visible and near-infrared regimes with limited, if any, response in far-UV. The large spectral mismatch between metasurface and biomolecular resonances limits the chiral enhancement factor. In this work, we study aluminum planar metamaterials which display optical activity in the UV region. In the first part of this work, we experimentally and computationally investigate the resonant plasmonic-biomolecular interactions in the far-UV. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to experimentally explore these resonant interactions in the biologically relevant far-UV regime. We demonstrate experimentally and computationally enhanced chiral sensing of sub-10 nm amino acid films. We develop a full-wave computational model of a biomolecular film on an aluminum gammadion array using experimentally derived chiral parameters (κ) for L- and DTyrosine films. Our model shows that detectable enhancements in the circular dichroism (CD) and birefringence (CB) signals from small amounts of biomolecules are only possible when tight spectral overlap exists between the plasmonic and biomolecular chiroptical signals. We support this conclusion experimentally by fabricating aluminum gammadion arrays on fused silica substrates and sublimating ultrathin racemic, L- and D- Tyrosine films on the arrays. Complete Mueller matrix analysis of the resonant plasmonic-biomolecular system agrees with our computational results and demonstrates the importance of using far-UV active metasurfaces for enhancing natural optical activity. In the second part of this work, we study hybrid aluminum reflective metasurfaces, which leverage both local and propagating surface plasmons (PSP). These materials display strong bi-anisotropy with rich polarization conversion properties. We explore several geometries and verify how their symmetry properties affect their far-field response. Our observations provide an opportunity for researchers to improve the chiral response of plasmonic metasurfaces, especially in the challenging ultraviolet regime.

Zigbee Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Study In An Apartment-Based Indoor Environment, Biswajit Kumar Dash, Jun Peng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Zigbee is a very popular technology for Internet of things (IoT) networks mainly because of its low power consumption and low-cost features. It shares the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio band with other wireless networks such as Wi-Fi. Usually, Zigbee and Wi-Fi networks coexist in indoor environments for their respective applications. Hence, the coexistence introduces interference for both types of networks lowering the performance of the networks, but Zigbee suffers more significant performance losses because of its lower transmission power than Wi-Fi. Since the number of IoT devices is increasing at an unprecedented rate due to …

A New Implementation Of Federated Learning For Privacy And Security Enhancement, Xiang Ma, Haijian Sun, Rose Qingyang Hu, Yi Qian

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Motivated by the ever-increasing concerns on personal data privacy and the rapidly growing data volume at local clients, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new machine learning setting. An FL system is comprised of a central parameter server and multiple local clients. It keeps data at local clients and learns a centralized model by sharing the model parameters learned locally. No local data needs to be shared, and privacy can be well protected. Nevertheless, since it is the model instead of the raw data that is shared, the system can be exposed to the poisoning model attacks launched by …

Golightly : A Gpu Implementation Of The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, S. David Lively

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Traditionally, optical circuit design is tested and validated using software which implement numerical modeling techniques such as Beam Propagation, Finite Element Analysis and the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. FDTD simulations require significant computational power. Existing installations may distribute the computational requirements across large clusters of high-powered servers. This approach entails significant expense in terms of hardware, staffing and software support which may be prohibitive for some research facilities and private-sector engineering firms. The application of modern programmable GPUs to problems in scientific visualization and computation has facilitated faster development cycles for a variety of industry segments including large dataset visualization, …

Raman Thermometry Of Graphene Based Thermal Materials, Pengcheng Xu

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

With the growing demand for high performance computing, we are pushing for higher performance integrated circuits at an ever faster rate. Recent advances in semiconductor production technology sees transistors with a 5 nm process devices being produced for consumer use. This enabled engineers to pack tens of billions of transistors in a package no larger than a fingernail. However, that brings up a problem that we have been long battling against. How can we get rid of the heat produced by these billions of transistors. The current electronic performance is bottle-necked by the ability of the package taking heat away …

Advances In Power System Operation And Optimization, You Lin

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

The modern power system has witnessed an increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and modern loads with variable frequency drives. The increasing complexity brings great challenges to modern power system operations. Significant efforts have been made to develop more accurate power system operation and optimization methods. The tradeoff between computation and the model structure makes the problem nontrivial to solve and analyze. Enabled by the wide deployment of PMUs and advanced machine learning algorithms, we improve the conventional power system operation and optimization techniques by improving the accuracy of power system measurements, implementing new power system modeling structures, and performing …

Charger Robotic Air Hockey-Modified Air Hockey Table Featuring Automated Play Against A Human Opponent, Robert Geren

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Optofluidic Droplet Lasers Enabled By Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Fariba Kenarangi

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

ABSTRACT: Over the past decade, optofluidic lasers have gained much popularity owing to their unique optical and mechanical properties. Optofluidic lasers are flexible, reconfigurable, easy to fabricate and their emission spectrum can be dynamically tuned. One type of these lasers with high Q-factors, is optofluidic droplet laser, which is a miniaturized ring resonator consists of liquid gain medium and optical microcavity made of two immiscible liquid phases. As light couples into the cavity, the whispering gallery mode will be guided around the concaved closed loop surface and it will be constantly reflected owing to total internal reflection. Due to its …

Ultra-Compact Hybrid Silicon: Chalcogenide Waveguide Temperature Sensor, Bahareh Badamchi, Wei-Che Hsu, Al-Amin Ahmed Simon, Zong Yin Chi, Jacob Manzi, Maria Mitkova, Alan X. Wang, Harish Subbaraman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We demonstrate a real-time, reusable, and reversible integrated optical sensor for temperature monitoring within harsh environments. The sensor architecture combines the phase change property of chalcogenide glasses (ChG) with the high-density integration advantages of high index silicon waveguides. To demonstrate sensor feasibility, ChG composition Ge₄₀S₆₀, which is characterized by a sharp phase transition from amorphous to crystalline phase around 415 °C, is deposited over a 50 µm section of a single mode optical waveguide. The phase transition changes the behavior of Ge₄₀S₆₀ from a low loss to high loss material, thus significantly …

Towards On-Chip Integrated Sensors: Photonic Crystal Optical Sensors And Lasers, Zhonghe Liu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Supervising Professor: Weidong Zhou The field of compact integrated optical platform has developed into a new era in the past two decades. On one hand, the semiconductor optoelectronic devices are becoming smaller and cheaper thanks to the development of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technologies; on the other hand, the applications of optoelectronics have been deeply coupled to other fields to realize more complicated implementations. Photonic crystal slab (PCS) structure has been playing an increasingly important role in these optical devices, active or passive, by enabling a variety of light-matter interaction mechanisms. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate …