Engineering Commons^™

Lossless Image Data Compression Techniques Using High Order Markov Arithmetic Encoding, Santo Politi

Theses

It is difficult to compress digital images with acceptable ratios if a distortion is not acceptable. The lack of a rule based structure as in a language is one of the main reasons. In this work a number of algorithms for lossless image data compression are considered. The coding and the modeling aspects are treated separately. Different approaches are proposed to combine. Markov Arithmetic Encoding, a very efficient plain text encoding scheme, with source modeling algorithms to obtain higher compressibility. A modular approach is selected which enables combining various models. Model statistics are studied for further improvements. The schemes presented …

Design And Analysis Of Microengineered Accelerometer, Nana Shigematsu

Theses

This master's thesis is about microengineered accelerometer integrated on a silicon wafer using two polysilicon layers acting as capacitors. This accelerometer operates as a capacitor sensor which is built between two polysilicon layers. It senses a difference of acceleration of gravity, or weight of the polysilicon beam. Both changes tend to change the capacitance between two layers, therefore, to change the resonant frequency of a resonant circuit built using this device and external inductors.

This master's thesis involves theoretical calculations of capacitor sensor for three sizes of capacitor area. Even though this sensor has not been fabricated yet, this sensor …

Multi-Sensor System For An Articulated Robot Hand, Narendra Sucahyo

Theses

The precision and dexterity of a manipulator hand critically depends on the proper extraction and processing of sensory information. This thesis describes how a sensor system equipped with fingertip sensors and strain gauges can provide proper feedback to drive the grasp kinematics of an articulated robot hand. The grasp kinematic that provide the manipulator hand with precision and dexterity is based on impedance control. The fingertip sensors and the strain gauges are constructed of piezoresistive materials for force transduction. Through optimization, based on the sensitivity and capability of the sensors, a synergism of force and contact information can be obtained …

An Adaptive Robotic Controller With High Robustness, Xiao-Tian Wen

Theses

A complex industrial application of robotic manipulators are beyond the capability of the relatively simple constant gain linear control system. They compensate poorly for nonlinear dynamic model and environment changes, especially when the plant model comes with the unknown coefficients. An adaptive controller for a two joints robotic arm is designed in this thesis. Firstly, the highly coupled nonlinear model is linearized, and then an adaptive regulator is employed which adjust the controller parameters directly based on the on-line parameter estimation, where a least square identification is used. At last the computer simulation is also performed.

Multichannel Input Moniter, Geng Lin Chen

Theses

In order to communicate ,with each other, people must use the same kind of language. MIDI, the Musical Instrument Digital Interface, was established as a hardware and software specification which makes the communication between musical instruments become possible.

What this thesis does is interfacing a musical instrument with other devices using MIDI protocol. The hardware is a multichannel priority interrupt system which has already been done and was included in the discussion of this thesis. The focus of this thesis is concentrated on the software development of multichannel input monitor.

A Micro-Based Machine Vision System, Hsueh-Chung Michael Feng

Theses

In this thesis, a low-cost general purpose machine vision system based on a personal computer of the PC-XT/AT family and an electronic camera controller based upon a Motorola 6811C11 single-chip microcontroller has been designed and implemented. This work is focused on image formation. The system supports a long distance camera-computer configuration. A picture editor, generic image manipulation software was designed and implemented. A single computer can supervise multiple cameras.

Analysis Of The Effects Of Biofeedback On Cardiovascular And Neuromuscular System, Andreas T. Gikas

Theses

Time series signal processing techniques (Fourier based) were applied to study the effects of biofeedback on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular system.

A medical instrumentattion system was developed to monitor ECG, EEG and EMG biopotential signals and temperature.

Data from two experiments were first analyzed. These data were from two normal male subjects who engaged in relaxation techniques (Transcendental Meditation & Imagery). If we assumed that for both subjects relaxation produced a decrease of the sympathetic activity then that resulted in a decrease of the heart rate (ECG) and an increase in skin temperature. Spectral analysis of the EEG signal showed …

Reliability Of Titanium Dioxide Capacitors, Md. Badrul Hasan

Theses

In recent years many different materials have been investigated as potential thin-film capacitor dielectrics. Silicon monoxide (SiO) and tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) are the two dielectric materials that are being used by most companies.

This thesis provides some theory and experiments to evaluate the reliability of TiO₂ as a material which would yield a dielectric constant much higher than Ta₂O₅. It has also been shown that titanium dioxide is economically and technically capable of miniaturization demanded by the latest electronic systems.

Included here are the sections covering evaporant materials and their purities, …

A Theoretical Model For Radio Attenuation Inside Buildings, Kyu-Sung Kim

Theses

Research to expand the capability of indoor, portable, radio frequency links for voice and data transmission is being pursued worldwide. Sophisticated communication systems using digital portable radio telephones have been proposed. To accomplish this goal, it is necessary to ascertain the attenuation of electromagnetic signal propagation inside buildings. Because modeling of the indoor environment at radio frequencies is very complicated, most publications document experimental results. In this study,. a theoretical model is proposed for predicting path loss inside buildings. The theory involves a waveguide model of the indoor environment which permits a rigorous modal solution similar to that developed by …

Design Of An Ionized Cluster Beam System For Thin Film Deposition And Cluster Size Measurement, Steven K. Krommenhoek

Theses

This thesis describes a study of a unique deposition technique known as Ionized Cluster Beam (I.C.B.) deposition. According to I. Yamada and T. Takagi, the inventors of the I.C.B. concept, the beam of deposited material contains clusters as large as thousands of atoms. To study the mass distribution of the ionized species, an I.C.B. source was designed and built by the author. The design provided temperature control along the axis of the crucible by using electron beam heating with two independently controlled emission filaments. Special attention was given to minimizing the background of charged particles generated in various sections of …

Image Data Compression With Neural Networks, Jianjun Li

Theses

Three efficient image coding schemes, based orb neural networks, have been developed in this thesis: (1) Neural network vector quantization (NNVQ). The main advantage of this new technology is that it can accomplish the complex encoding process much faster than the previous algorithms. Its properties are studied and demonstrated by simulations. (2) A adaptive NNVQ for image sequence coding. Simulation experiments have been carried out with 4 x 4 blocks of pixels from an image sequence consisting of 40 frames. At 0.67 bits/pixel, this scheme achieves good image quality suitable for videoconferencing systems; (3) Neural network prediction. This new prediction …

Trellis Coded Tamed Frequency Modulation In Rayleigh Fading Channels, Kiran R. Patel

Theses

It is usually difficult to reduce the effects of channel impairements on transmitted information. A fading channel is one such media in which digital communications system operates. A signal is subject to distortion in amplitude and phase when propagating towards the receiver. This puts constraint in required SNR at the receiver, for given performance. Various modulation/coding and demodulation/decoding techniques are employed to lessen the effects of fading. Bit error rate is a performance parameter that sets the criteria for signal design, system architecture and performance.

Here, a slow Rayleigh fading channel with three propagation paths possesing a scattering function of …

A Study Of Signal Cancellation Effects In Adaptive Arrays, Cheng-Der Sun

Theses

An adaptive array can automatically place pattern nulls in directions from which undesired signals (interference, jamming, or clutter, etc.) arrive and can also provide gain for a desired signal. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the adaptive array on the desired signal while suppressing the undesired signal.

This was done by studying the transfer characteristics of the adaptive array between its input and output. In this study, C.W. jammers along with the desired signal were considered and input and output relationship of the adaptive array were determined. Several basic types of adaptive arrays were studied …

Memory Card Memory Read-Out Module For 8052ah Basic Single Board Computer, Yongyi Sun

Theses

A Memory Card Memory Read-out Module is described that is used to collect the data stored in the RAMs of 8052AH BASIC SBCs and transfer it to the storage of another system called stationary recall unit.

The motivation for this system is as follows:

Automatic Rail Diagnostic System (ARDS) of New Jersey Transit Rail Operation (NJTRO) will revolutionize the maintenance of rail cars by monitoring selected on-board subsystems and components. The on-board unit of ARDS is a data gatherer. It can collect data describing the status and performance of selected on-board operating subsystems and components. A 8052AH BASIC SBC is …

Performance Studies Of Lapped Orthogonal Transforms, Frank E. Wadas

Theses

The comparative performance of several Lapped Orthogonal Transforms(LOTs) [1][2][3][12] is studied in this thesis . Blocking effects of conventional block transforms at low bit rates are reduced with LOT, through basis functions that overlap in adjacent blocks. The block transforms of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST)[4], Discrete Legendre Transform (DLT), and the Modified Hermite Transform (MHT)[16] are extended to LOT in a way that a fast algorithm for nearly optimal LOTs is derived. The Markov and two different exponential correlation models are used as the source models for the derivation of these LOTs. It is shown that …

Temperature Dependent Current-Voltage Characteristics In Thin Sio2 Films, Jin Zhao

Theses

An analysis of the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT) theory and its application to temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics, of very thin films of SiO₂ on silicon, is presented. The final results are believed to provide the most complete examination of FN emission theory and predict the breakdown electric field in thin SiO₂ films. The role of the roughness, at the Si-SiO₂ interface, in determining the FNT current and breakdown mechanisms in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures are also discussed.

Automatic Infrared Inspection Of Solder Joints On Mounted Circuit Boards, Ken Kekuan Zhou

Theses

This thesis reports the research work on automatic infrared and visual light inspections of solder joints on printed circuit boards (PCBs) utilizing an image processing system and statistical pattern recognition techniques.

A small scale image processing system, consisting of a SUN workstation and several DATACUBE modules, is set up for the research. Software packages for imaging, displaying and solder joint inspection are developed and ready for public usage.

The capability of infrared inspection for solder joints on PCBs is demonstrated. The fusing of infrared and visual light imagery for the inspection is shown to offer better results than that obtainable …

An Effective Cube Comparison Method For Discrete Spectral Transformations Of Logic Functions, Ingo SchäFer

Dissertations and Theses

Spectral methods have been used for many applications in digital logic design, digital signal processing and telecommunications. In digital logic design they are implemented for testing of logical networks, multiplexer-based logic synthesis, signal processing, image processing and pattern analysis. New developments of more efficient algorithms for spectral transformations (Rademacher-Walsh, Generalized Reed-Muller, Adding, Arithmetic, multiple-valued Walsh and multiple-valued Generalized Reed- Muller) their implementation and applications will be described.

Model-Based Estimation Of Wind Fields Over The Ocean From Wind Scatterometer Measurements. Ii. Model Parameter Estimation, David G. Long, Jerry M. Mendel

Faculty Publications

For pt.I see ibid., vol.28, no.3, p.349-360 (1990). The feasibility of a model-based approach to wind field estimation is discussed. In this approach the parametric model for near-surface mesoscale wind fields developed in pt.I is used. The parameters of the model are estimated from the wind scatterometer measurements; the wind field estimate is then computed from the estimated model parameters. Unlike the traditional pointwise approach, this approach takes advantage of the inherent correlation in the winds at different sample points to estimate the wind field more accurately and resolve directional ambiguity. The accuracies of wind field estimates obtained using the …

Model-Based Estimation Of Wind Fields Over The Ocean From Wind Scatterometer Measurements. I. Development Of The Wind Field Model, David G. Long, Jerry M. Mendel

Faculty Publications

For pt.II see ibid., vol.28, no.3, p.361-373 (1990). A parametric model for near-surface mesoscale wind fields suitable for use in a model-based approach to estimate the wind field over a large region of the scatterometer measurement swath from measurements of the radar backscatter of the ocean's surface is discussed. The assumptions made in developing the model are described, and the accuracy of the resulting model is evaluated. The model is based only on scatterometer data and is computationally tractable, consisting of a linear equation relating the near-surface wind field to a vector of model parameters which is estimated from the …

The Parallel Implementation Of The Waveform Relaxation Method For The Simulation Of Structure-Preserved Power Systems, Marija D. Ilić, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Several results pertaining to the partitioning of the waveform relaxation (WR) algorithm for dynamic simulation are presented. The WR algorithm is extended to a structure-preserving power system model in which the loads are retained. This results in a system of differential/algebraic equations (DAEs). Power systems are shown to exhibit several dynamic characteristics which make them suitable for simulation by the WR method. A heuristic method for determining a fault-dependent partitioning of the power system for parallel implementation is given.

Ellipsometric Analysis Of Computer Disk Structures, Ping He, Bhola N. De, Laing-Yao Chen, Yong Zhao, John A. Woollam, Mark Miller, Edward Simpson

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Abstract: We have used variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) to analyze the materials surfaces and interfaces in multilayer sputtered media computer disks. Specifically, the system C/CoNiCr/Cr/NiP/Al has been investigated for layer thicknesses, interfacial and surface roughness, and radial and circumferential uniformity. By first characterizing the Cr/NiP/Al then CoNiCr/Cr/NiP/Al structures, we were able to fully characterize the complete disk structure. The interface width between the carbon layer and CoNiCr magnetic layer was determined to be approximately 260 Å. This is reasonable considering typical surface roughness present on magnetic disks, and that the carbon “fills” in this surface roughness. VASE is a …

Analysis And Development Of A Switched Capacitor Power Supply, John Richard Hackworth

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The combination of a switched capacitor network and switching power supply techniques can result in a transformer less regulated DC power supply that is small, relatively simple, and efficient. In addition, the output of such a system could be operated over a wide range of common mode voltages. Multiple switched capacitor supplies could be stacked to achieve voltage multiplication.

Although the output of a system of this type is a continuous function, the internal operation must be analyzed in finite time elements. This numerical analysis will be shown in both a mathematical approach and a computer model.

Pulsed Laser Annealing Of Gaas Implanted With Se And Si, Andrzej Rys, Yanan Shieh, Alvin Compann, Huade Yao, Ajit Bhat

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Carrier activation and mobility were studied by Raman spectroscopy and the Hall effect in pulsed laser annealed samples of GaAs implanted with doses of Si and Se from 2.2. x 10¹² to 6.0 x 10¹⁴ cm^-2. The samples were annealed using a pulsed XeCl excimer laser ( = 308 nm) and a pulsed dye laser (=728 nm) with energy densities from 0.06 to 0.9 J/cm² and pulse durations of about 10 ns. Very high carrier concentrations of 3 x 10¹⁹ and 1.5 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3 were obtained for the best n-type GaAs …

Spontaneous Coherent Pulsations In Standing-Wave Laser Oscillators: Simplified Models, Lee W. Casperson, Manuela Fe Tarroja

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A series of simplifications and approximations is introduced into a recently described model for spontaneous pulsations in standing-wave laser oscillators. To the extent that these simplifications are valid they can lead to significant reductions in computation time and sometimes also to a better understanding of the relative importance of various physical effects. Of special interest is the number of spatial harmonics required to represent adequately the effects of longitudinal spatial hole burning. Other approximations investigated include neglect of spectral cross relaxation, neglect of multiple-energy-level equations, neglect of electric-field derivatives, and neglect of polarization derivatives. In addition, a detailed discussion is …

Experimental Studies Of Bulk Optically Controlled Gaas Switches Utilizing Fast Infrared Quenching, Michael S. Mazzola

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation describes some of the properties of copper-compensated, silicon-doped GaAs (Cu:Si:GaAs) with the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of the Bulk Optically Controlled Switch (BOSS) concept. The BOSS concept involves the excitation of electrons or holes from selected deep centers in the band gap of a bulk Cu:Si:GaAs photoconductor. The conductivity of the Cu:Si:GaAs crystal can be increased or decreased on command by irradiating the crystal with laser light of different wavelengths in the infrared. Photoconductivities as large as 1 (Ω cm^)-1 were measured to persist for microseconds after illumination by a 7 ns laser pulse with wavelength …

Hydrogenation Effects On Trap Related Conduction In Diamond, Linwood Cleveland Watkins Iii

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

In this research work, the results of an experimental investigation on the electrical conduction mechanism in type Ιa and Ilb diamonds are presented. These results are compared with those of previous theoretical studies. The basic physical properties of diamond are discussed. Details of ohmic contact formation on diamond are presented.

The current-voltage characteristics revealed the presence of traps located below the Fermi level. The unfilled trap density was determined. The deep traps were further studied using spectroscopic photoconductivity measurements and the trap energy levels were determined.

The effects of hydrogenation on trap related conduction were studied subsequently. Hydrogenation was carried …

Architecture For A Human-Robot Symbiotic System, Fred W. Depiero, Wayne W. Manges, Reid L. Kress, Mike R. Kedl, William R. Hamel

Electrical Engineering

This paper describes a human-robot symbiont that is under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. An overview of the symbiotic system is described that motivates the architecture that has been developed. The architecture is a hierarchical structure that consists of several expert systems which reside above a robot control interface. This interface allows the manipulator to be operated in both a teleoperated and autonomous mode. All these processes coexist with the lowest level of the hierarchy, which is a numerically intensive control algorithm. The architecture is implemented on five processors in a coarsely parallel system.

Pulse-Train Instabilities Of A Synchronously Pumped Mode-Locked Dye Laser: Experimental Phase Plots, Duncan Leo Macfarlane, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present experimental phase plots of the pulse-train instability that occurs in synchronously pumped mode-locked dye lasers. From these plots we infer that the instability is of a quasi-periodic, nonlinear dynamical nature. Further, we note that the information lost in this two-dimensional representation is precisely the periodic-versus-erratic character and therefore is of considerable importance.

Effects Of Bandwidth‐Limiting Tuning Elements In Synchronously Pumped Mode‐Locked Lasers, Bahram Zandi, Lee W. Casperson, Duncan Leo Macfarlane

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A description of bandwidth‐limiting tuning filters is introduced into a semiclassical model for synchronously pumped mode‐locked dye lasers. The finite phase memory of the molecular wave functions is included as are the isotropic molecular distribution and the finite vibrational relaxation times. The new set of equations has been solved numerically using the best available values for the various parameters. The results have been compared with experimental data obtained using a rhodamine 6G dye laser, which is synchronously pumped using an acousto‐optically mode‐locked argon laser. Tuning element effects have been studied using two‐ and three‐plate birefringent filters and a tuning wedge, …