Engineering Commons^™

Extension Of The Generalized Hebbian Algorithm For Principal Component Extraction, Fredric M. Ham, Inho Kim

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Principal component analysis (PCA) plays an important role in various areas. In many applications it is necessary to adaptively compute the principal components of the input data. Over the past several years, there have been numerous neural network approaches to adaptively extract principal components for PCA. One of he most popular learning rules for training a single-layer linear network for principal component extraction is Sanger's generalized Hebbian algorithm (GHA). We have extended the GHA (EGHA) by including a positive-definite symmetric weighting matrix in the representation error-cost function that is used to derive the learning rule to train the network. The …

Liberalisation, Alliances And Technology Transfer- India's High Technology Sector, Luis Murillo

IIMB Management Review

Newly industrialising countries may lead the world in the coming century, and among them, India may well develop an impressive high technology sector, based in part on a vigorous microelectronics industry. From a situational analysis of the present Indian context, Murillo asserts that subject to judicious policies in education, infrastructure construction, market liberalisation, global alliances and political stability, it is only a matter of time before India becomes a power in the manufacture of semiconductors.

Incorporating Vertical Discontinuities In Power-Bus Modeling Using A Mixed-Potential Integral Equation And Circuit Extraction Formulation, Jun Fan, Hao Shi, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Richard E. Dubroff, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Noise on the DC power-bus attributed to device switching is among the primary sources of EMI and signal integrity problems. A mixed-potential integral equation formulation with circuit extraction approach is used to model the planar multi-layer power-bus geometry, which can also include arbitrary shaped power regions on multiple layers. Incorporating vertical discontinuities, e.g., decoupling capacitor interconnects, is a critical aspect of the modeling, and must be done properly since they are included as a lumped element model and not a part of the MPIE formulation. Agreement with experimental results demonstrate the present approach.

Validation Of Waimss Incident Duration Estimation Model, Wei Wu, Pushkin Kachroo, Kaan Ozbay

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

This paper presents an effort to validate the traffic incident duration estimation model of WAIMSS (wide area incident management support system). Duration estimation model of WAIMSS predicts the incident duration based on an estimation tree which was calibrated using incident data collected in Northern Virginia. Due to the limited sample size, a full scale test of the distribution, mean and variance of incident duration was performed only for the root node of the estimation tree, white only mean tests were executed at all other nodes whenever a data subset was available. Further studies were also conducted on the model error …

Wide-Area Incident Management System On The Internet, Kaan Ozbay, Pushkin Kachroo

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

The incident management process consists of four sequential steps-incident detection, response, clearance and recovery. Each of these components comprises of a number of operations and coordinated decision-making between the agencies involved. The provision of computer based support tools for the personnel involved will help develop appropriate strategies and increase efficiency and expediency. Existing systems are developed on various traditional computing platforms. However, with the advent of World Wide Web and Internet based programming tools such as Java, it is now possible to develop platform independent decision support tools for the incident management agencies. Any agency will be able to use …

Modeling And Simulation Of High-Field, High-Temperature Sic Devices, Sanjay Pathak

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

With superior properties such as a large band gap, high thermal conductivity, and large electron drift velocity, SiC is expected to give a new dimension to high power, high temperature electronic devices used in power applications, microwave circuits, and for the space and automobile industries. SiC possesses an inherent advantage over its other large bandgap competitors in terms of inherited processing and device technology from Si. However, there is inadequate understanding of SiC device and its parameters. Simple extrapolations from Si are known to be inadequate. The aim of this dissertation, therefore. is to produce better understanding of SiC devices …

Computer Simulations Of Electromigration Based On A Molecular Dynamics Approach, John Stephen Peake

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Most research on electromigration has centered around macroscopic simulations of electromigration where a value for the diffusion coefficient was assumed to be spatially uniform throughout the material. The research in this thesis goes a step further and, through microscopic molecular dynamics computer simulations, calculates and updates the atomic drift velocity and atomic position as a function of time to analyze how various defects within the conductor affect these quantities. The simulations are carried out with defects in the form of dislocation half-planes placed in different locations within the simulation space. The atomic drift velocity and position changes derived from these …

Two Dimensional, Time Dependent Modeling And Simulation Of Semi-Insulating Gaas High-Power Photoconductive Switches, Prakasit Kayasit

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and photoconductive behavior of semi-insulating GaAs (SI GaAs) high-power switches have been investigated by using a two-dimensional, time dependent, drift diffusion transport model. The dc current-voltage behavior as predicted by the results of this model was compared with available experimental data to evaluate the accuracy and validity of the model. The results show very good agreement, Next, research was carried out to investigate the behavior of the switches under high-field operation.

Simulations at high voltages emphasize on the two following processes: (a) The mechanism of impact ionization and the effect of this mechanism on device stability …

New Cmos Universal Constant-Gm Input Stage, Vladimir I. Prodanov, Michael M. Green

Electrical Engineering

Conceptually new constant-Gm input-stage architecture is presented. It provides near constant net transconductance independent of transistor operating region-strong, moderate or weak inversion. One possible implementation of the proposed architecture is discussed in details. Its operation has been experimentally verified. Results from performed measurements are included.

A Neural Network Pruning Algorithm With Embedded Gradient-Conjugate Training For The Identification Of Large Flexible Space Structures, Xiao-Hua Yu

Electrical Engineering

The choice of network dimension is a fundamental issue in the design of artificial neural networks. A larger neural network is powerful for solving problems while a smaller neural network is always advantageous in real-time environment where speed is crucial. In this paper, a network pruning algorithm with embedded gradient-conjugate training is investigated and applied to the identification of a large flexible space structure. Computer simulation results show that this approach can dramatically reduce the size of neural network while maintaining compatible identification accuracy.

Automatic Target Cueing Of Hyperspectral Image Data, Terry A. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

Modern imaging sensors produce vast amounts data, overwhelming human analysts. One such sensor is the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral sensor. The AVIRIS sensor simultaneously collects data in 224 spectral bands that range from 0.4µm to 2.5µm in approximately 10nm increments, producing 224 images, each representing a single spectral band. Autonomous systems are required that can fuse "important" spectral bands and then classify regions of interest if all of this data is to be exploited. This dissertation presents a comprehensive solution that consists of a new physiologically motivated fusion algorithm and a novel Bayes optimal self-architecting classifier …

Production And Propagation Of Hermite–Sinusoidal-Gaussian Laser Beams, Lee W. Casperson, Anthony A. Tovar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hermite–sinusoidal-Gaussian solutions to the wave equation have recently been obtained. In the limit of large Hermite–Gaussian beam size, the sinusoidal factors are dominant and reduce to the conventional modes of a rectangular waveguide. In the opposite limit the beams reduce to the familiar Hermite–Gaussian form. The propagation of these beams is examined in detail, and resonators are designed that will produce them. As an example, a special resonator is designed to produce hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian beams. This ring resonator contains a hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian apodized aperture. The beam mode has finite energy and is perturbation stable.

An Efficient And Effective Approach To Column-Based Input/Output Encoding In Functional Decomposition, Michael Burns, Marek Perkowski, Stanislaw Grygiel, Lech Jozwiak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Encoding in Curtis-style decompositions is the process of assigning codes to groups of compatible columns (or cubes) so that the binary logic descriptions of the predecessor and successor sub-functions can be created for further decomposition. In doing so, the sub-functions created are functionally equivalent to the set of care values specified in the original function. In this paper an input/output encoding algorithm DC_ENC is presented that is designed to achieve the simplest total complexity of the predecessor and successor sub-functions, and to increase the total number of don't cares for their further utilization in subsequent decomposition steps of these sub-functions.

Automatic Analysis Of Electronic Drawings Using Neural Network, Yi Shi

Dissertations

Neural network technique has been found to be a powerful tool in pattern recognition. It captures associations or discovers regularities with a set of patterns, where the types, number of variables or diversity of the data are very great, the relationships between variables are vaguely understood, or the relationships are difficult to describe adequately with conventional approaches.

In this dissertation, which is related to the research and the system design aiming at recognizing the digital gate symbols and characters in electronic drawings, we have proposed: (1) A modified Kohonen neural network with a shift-invariant capability in pattern recognition; (2) An …

Adaptive Bootstrap Signal Separators For Bpsk/Qam-Modulated Wireless Cdma Systems In A Multipath Environment, Nico J.M. Van Waes

Dissertations

CDMA is an attractive multiple-access scheme, because of its potential capacity increase and its anti-multipath fading capability. For satisfactory performance, however, the effect of the "near-far" problem has to be resolved. This problem can be combated by using power-control, which, however, results in an overall reduction in communication ranges, and thus in a loss of capacity. Among other methods for mitigating the near-far problem is the use of decorrelating receivers, both of fixed type, which directly utilizes the cross-correlation of the users codes, and of adaptive type, which uses recursive algorithms that leads to signal decorrelation. Not to lessen the …

Telephone-Accessed Controller Using Cebus For Device Control Over Power Line, Gerald Aska

Theses

The CEBus standard has made it possible for devices developed by different manufacturers to communicate over the power line. Further, the standard allows analog adjustments of devices besides transmitting and receiving binary information. This Controller extends the distance from which these devices can be controlled.

To extend the distance of communication with a device, a telephone line interface was developed that allows the user to communicate with a CEBus device via the Controller. The Controller responses [sic] to Central Office signaling and opens its communication channel to allow the user to provide it with the commands by using the telephone …

Direct Electrochemical Reaction Of Cytochrome C At The Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Film Modified Gold Electrodes, Xiao-Gang Qu, Gong-Quan Sun, Hui Yang, Tian-Hong Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the direct electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c was sudied at the poly (ethylene oxide) film modified gold electrodes. It was found the PEO is a good promoter for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c, and the reversibility of reaction of cytochrome c was found to depend on the molecular weight of PEO and the morphology of the PEO films.

Modification Of Carbon Anode Materials Of Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery, Yuping Wu, Chun-Rong Wan, Chang-Yin Jiang, Jiang-Iun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the latest research work on modification of carbon anode materials of lithium ion secondary battery is reviewed. Modification methods include: incorporation of nonmetal elements such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, metal elements such as potassium, aluminum, gallium and transitional metal elements such as vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper and iron and surface treatment such as oxidation and formation of surface layer. Since these methods can affect the carbon materials' electronics state, crystal structure and surface structure, the electrochemical properties of the carbon materials could probably be improved. Besides, mechanisms for lithium storage in carbonaceous materials are …

Lithiun Insertion In Carbon Nanotubes, Guo-Tao Wu, Chun-Sheng Wang, Zhong-Fu Qi, Wenz-Hu Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon nanotubes were produced by chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of acetylene under hydrogen gas.The reversible specific capacity of carbon nanotubes is up to 700 mAh/g, much higher than the theoretical specific capacity of graphite(372 mAh/g).After twenty charge/discharge cycles,the discharge capacity of carbon nanotube anode still maintains 65.3% of its original discharge capacity . Besides, the charge/discharge efficiency of carbon nanotube in the first charge/discharge cycle was found to improve from 42.6% up to 55.9% by coating carbon nanotubes with copper.

External Transducing Measurement Of The Internal Pressure In Sealed Battery By Resistance Strain Gauge, Han-Xi Yang, Rong-Hui Hu, Xin-Ping Ai, Cong-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Xian Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel method to monitor dynamically the internal pressure of sealed battery with no damage of the battery by using of resistance strain measurement technique is presented. This technique employs the resistence strain gauges in touch of the battery case and to detect the minimal change in the battery deformation due to the increasing internal pressure, electrode expantion or intrenal temperature rise. Application of the technique for the study of the effects of the battery processing factors on the battery performance is described taking Ni MH battery as example.

Photoelectrochemical Studies On Nanoporous Tio2/Pan Film Electrode, Min-Sheng Liu, Yan-Zhong Hao, Xue-Bin Qiao, Mai-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Min Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

The photon to electricity conversion process of nanoporous TiO₂/PAn film electrode was studied in electrolytes with and without redox couple by using the photocurrent action spectra and potential dependence of photocurrent. It is concluded that the nanoporous TiO₂/PAn film electrode has a structure of duplex n type semiconductor layers. The band gap of PAn film is 2.88eV.The TiO₂ nanoporous film electrode modified by PAn can extend the range of optical absorption into visible and infrared region and effectively increase the photocurrent in the visible and infrared region. The photocurrent threshold shifts to>600nm and conversion …

Studies On The Electrode Kinetics Of Electrooxidation Of Mn2+, Wan-Li Hu, Tong Su, Wei Guo, Ding Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The mechanism of electrooxidation of MnSO₄ on Pb Sb As alloy anode was investigated by using rotating disc electrode technique. The results shown that the conditional standard potential of Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)in 40% H₂SO₄ is 0.886 4 V.The rate controlling step of electrode process is mixed controlled by charge transfer and diffusion.

Electrooxidation Of Benzene To Benzoquinone In A Packed Bed Reactor, Xin-Sheng Zhang, Ping Ding, Ying-Chun Dai, Wei-Kang Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A packed electrode reactor was used to oxidize to benzoquinone. Anode bed of the reactor has a size of 10～30 mm×450 mm×50 mm(thickness×length×width),and was packed porous lead alloy. A dispersion of benzene in 1 mol/L aqueous sulfuric acid was passed through the reactor. Current efficiency for benzoquinone generation is 62.9% at optimal operating condition: velocity of electrolyte flow, 0.19 ms ^-1 ;current, 10 A; thickness of anode bed, 10 mm, and percentage of benzene, 24%.

Study Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(Pemfc), Shan-Hai Ge, Bao-Lian Yi, Hong-Fen Xu, Ming Han, Zhi-Gang Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrode kinetic parameters for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) were investigated by measuring the relations of cell potential and current density. An experimental stack of PEMFC which can be operated at E cell =0.7V, I =0.55A/cm² steadily is presented, and the effects of electrode structure and operation conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidification, flow rate on the performance of PEMFC are discussed.

Performance Of Optimal Trade-Off And Distance-Classifier Circular Filters For Rotation Invariance, Samuel Peter Kozaitis, Sila Thangwaritorn

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We evaluated the performance of circular optimal trade-off SDF (OTSDF) and distance classifier correlation filters (DCCFs) as rotation-invariant correlation filters. Because the filters are designed using different parameters we compared the filter's performance in terms of an equivalent effect of probability of error. The use of OTSDF and DCCF filters as circular filters allows their calculation to be greatly simplified when compared to using rotated views of an object to create filters. We found that both types of filters can be used for rotation-invariant object recognition in a noisy environment. In addition, the filters generated were real-valued so they may …

Signal Monitoring Apparatus For Wavelength Divison Multiplexed Optical Telecommunication Networks, Dennis J. Derickson, Roger Lee Jungerman

Electrical Engineering

A detector array spectrometer simultaneously monitors wavelength, power, and signal-to-noise ratio of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels in telecommunication networks. A spectrometer spatially separates signals from the WDM channels according to the channels' wavelengths. The separated signals are incident on an array of split-detectors that conforms to the spatial separation of the signals provided by the spectrometer. While the split-detectors are positioned to receive a signal from each WDM channel, a noise detector is positioned between adjacent split-detectors to measure noise. A common mode output from two halves of each split-detector indicates the power in a WDM channel, while a …

Sensor For Rotational Velocity And Rotational Acceleration, Rasheed M.A. Azzam

University of New Orleans Patents

Novel rotation sensors are disclosed. sensors with a temporal resolution of one measurement per rotation. A transparent or absorbing substrate can be coated with a transparent thin film to produce a linear response in reflectance versus angle of incidence over a certain range of angles. The best results were obtained when the incident light was s-polarized For example. a Si substrate coated with an SiO₂ film was used in constructing a reflection rotation sensor. Experimental results and an error analysis of this rotation sensor are presented.

Static Compaction Of Test Sequences For Synchronous Sequential Circuits, Lijie Qi

Dissertations and Theses

Today, VLSI design has progressed to a stage where it needs to incorporate methods of testing circuits. The Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) is a very attractive method and feasible on almost any combinational and sequential circuit.

Currently available automatic test pattern generators (ATPGs) generate test sets that may be excessively long. Because a cost of testing depends on the test length, compaction techniques have been used to reduce that length. The motivation for studying test compaction is twofold. Firstly, by reducing the test sequence length, the memory requirements during the test application and the test application time are reduced. …

An Information-Theoretical Approach To The Adaptive Segmentation And Classification Of The Sleeping Electroencephalogram, Russell James Clark

Wayne State University Dissertations

Sleep is not a single homogeneous state; it consists of several identifiable states. The states are identified by the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram, and the electromyogram. The most common classification method consists of six classes labeled: wake, stage 1 through 4, and stage REM. A fixed length of data, usually 20 or 30 second epochs, are analyzed and placed in one of the six categories. An all-nigh sleep recording consists of 900 to 1500 such epochs and the task of scoring a record is tedious. Additionally, much of the detail in the EEG is lost due to the size of the …

Design Of Airflow Aperture Arrays In Shielding Enclosures, Min Li, S. Radu, J. Neubel, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

EMI through perforation patterns for airflow in shielding enclosures resulting from coupling of interior sources is investigated numerically with FDTD simulations and experimentally. The FDTD simulations are compared with measurements on perforation patterns. A simple empirical design approach for the relation between aperture size, the number of apertures and shielding effectiveness is extracted. A double perforation pattern structure is proposed for perforation pattern designs where a high percentage of open area is required. Frequencies where the enclosure will support cavity modes are of primary concern.