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Articles 31231 - 31260 of 36916

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Distributed Power Control Of Cellular Networks In The Presence Of Channel Uncertainties, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Q. Shang, Jagannathan Sarangapani Jan 2004

Distributed Power Control Of Cellular Networks In The Presence Of Channel Uncertainties, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Q. Shang, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel distributed power control (DPC) scheme for cellular networks in the presence of radio channel uncertainties such as path loss shadowing, and Rayleigh fading is presented. Since these uncertainties can attenuate the received signal strength and can cause variations in the received Signal-to-lnterference ratio (SIR), the proposed DPC scheme maintains a target SIR at the receiver provided the uncertainty is slowly varying with time. The DPC estimates the time varying nature of the channel quickly and uses the information to arrive at a suitable transmitter power value . Further, the standard assumption of a constant interference during a link's …

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Fpga Placement And Routing Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise Jan 2004

Fpga Placement And Routing Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming increasingly important implementation platforms for digital circuits. One of the necessary requirements to effectively utilize the FPGA's fixed resources is an efficient placement and routing mechanism. This paper presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) for FPGA placement and routing. Preliminary results for the implementation of an arithmetic logic unit on a Xilinx FPGA show that PSO is a potential technique for solving the placement and routing problem.

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Learning To Learn-Concepts In A First Power Engineering Course, Badrul H. Chowdhury Jan 2004

Learning To Learn-Concepts In A First Power Engineering Course, Badrul H. Chowdhury

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Three well-known and widely accepted concepts in educational psychology are revisited. These are "inventory of learning styles," "taxonomy of educational objectives," and "metacognition." Relationships among these concepts are highlighted. Often, a student can develop his (or her) own learning style by the process of metacognition. Ideas are borrowed from these concepts for use in a first-level power systems course. It is beyond a doubt that both cognitive and metacognitive skills are necessary for students to succeed in any course. While a semester-long power systems course leaves little time for critical thinking and passive reflection for students, certain activities may very …

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Cause And Effects Of Voltage Collapse -- Case Studies With Dynamic Simulations, Feng Dong, Mariesa Crow, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Levent Acar Jan 2004

Cause And Effects Of Voltage Collapse -- Case Studies With Dynamic Simulations, Feng Dong, Mariesa Crow, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Levent Acar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Voltage collapse studies are made to gain an insight into mechanisms that drive a system into collapse. The inter-play of generator controls in local and external areas are explored. Simulations are carried out on a medium sized network by a transient dynamic simulation program. Simulation results help to better understand remediation strategies. The time dependent characteristics of corrective controls are investigated.

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Space-Time Fading Correlation Functions Of A 3-D Mimo Channel Model, Sang-Yick Leong, Y. Rosa Zheng, Chengshan Xiao Jan 2004

Space-Time Fading Correlation Functions Of A 3-D Mimo Channel Model, Sang-Yick Leong, Y. Rosa Zheng, Chengshan Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Space-time correlation functions between the links of MIMO Rayleigh fading channels are derived using a new three-dimensional (3-D) cylinder scattering model. Closed form, mathematically tractable formulas are obtained for the space-time correlation functions for general MIMO systems where the base station and mobile station antennas may be arranged in 3-D space. It is shown that the correlation functions computed by the 3-D cylinder model are of significant difference than those of the conventional 2-D Clarke''s isotropic scattering model for vertically placed antennas. The general formulas of the correlation functions includes the 2-D Clarke''s model and the 3-D SIMO, MISO models …

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Optimal Pso For Collective Robotic Search Applications, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise, Sheetal Doctor Jan 2004

Optimal Pso For Collective Robotic Search Applications, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise, Sheetal Doctor

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unmanned vehicles/mobile robots are of particular interest in target tracing applications since there are many areas where a human cannot explore. Different means of control have been investigated for unmanned vehicles with various algorithms like genetic algorithms, evolutionary computations, neural networks etc. This work presents the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for collective robotic search. The performance of the PSO algorithm depends on various parameters called quality factors and these parameters are determined using a secondary PSO. Results are presented to show that the performance of PSO algorithm and search is improved for a single and multiple target searches.

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The Pcb Level Esd Immunity Study By Using 3 Dimension Esd Scan System, Kai Wang, David Pommerenke, Jian Min Zhang, Ramachandran Chundru Jan 2004

The Pcb Level Esd Immunity Study By Using 3 Dimension Esd Scan System, Kai Wang, David Pommerenke, Jian Min Zhang, Ramachandran Chundru

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of high-speed logic makes modern electronic systems highly susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Because of their wider bandwidth, faster digital devices are more susceptible to high frequency ESD transient fields. In the analysis of ESD problems, an exact knowledge of the affected PINs and nets is essential for an optimal solution. A three dimensional ESD scanning system, which has been developed to record the ESD susceptibility map for a printed circuit board, is presented, and the mechanisms that the ESD event couples into the digital devices is studied.

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A Taxonomy Of Network Computing Systems, Muthucumaru Maheswaran, Shoukat Ali Jan 2004

A Taxonomy Of Network Computing Systems, Muthucumaru Maheswaran, Shoukat Ali

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Rapid advances in networking and microprocessor technologies have led to the emergence of Internet-wide distributed computing systems ranging from simple LAN-based clusters to planetary-scale networks. As these network computing systems evolve by combining the best features of existing systems, differences among NCs are blurring. To address this problem, researchers have proposed formal taxonomies of NC systems. We propose a new taxonomy that is both broad enough to encompass all NC systems and simple enough to be widely used.

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Adaptive Critic Neural Network-Based Object Grasping Control Using A Three-Finger Gripper, Gustavo Galan, Jagannathan Sarangapani Jan 2004

Adaptive Critic Neural Network-Based Object Grasping Control Using A Three-Finger Gripper, Gustavo Galan, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Grasping of objects has been a challenging task for robots. The complex grasping task can be defined as object contact control and manipulation subtasks. In this paper, object contact control subtask is defined as the ability to follow a trajectory accurately by the fingers of a gripper. The object manipulation subtask is defined in terms of maintaining a predefined applied force by the fingers on the object. A sophisticated controller is necessary since the process of grasping an object without a priori knowledge of the object's size, texture, softness, gripper, and contact dynamics is rather difficult. Moreover, the object has …

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Analysis Of Chip-Level Emi Using Near-Field Magnetic Scanning, Xiaopeng Dong, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner Jan 2004

Analysis Of Chip-Level Emi Using Near-Field Magnetic Scanning, Xiaopeng Dong, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Integrated circuits (ICs) are often a significant source of radiated energy from electronic systems. Well designed ICs maintain good control of the currents that they generate. However, poorly designed ICs can drive high-frequency noise currents onto nominally low-frequency input and output pins. These currents can excite unintentional radiating structures on the printed circuit board, resulting in radiated emissions that are difficult or expensive to control. The paper discusses the use of magnetic near-field scanning techniques to measure the current distribution in IC packages. This technique is applied to common ICs, including a clock driver, a memory module and a field …

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Mixing Electromagnetic And Electrical Circuit Simulations, W. C. Chew, Y. H. Chu, L. (Lijun) J. Jiang, I. T. Chiang, Y. C. Pan, J. S. Zhao Jan 2004

Mixing Electromagnetic And Electrical Circuit Simulations, W. C. Chew, Y. H. Chu, L. (Lijun) J. Jiang, I. T. Chiang, Y. C. Pan, J. S. Zhao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Logic Synthesis For Regular Fabric Realized In Quantum Dot Cellular Automata, Marek Perkowski, Alan Mishchenko Jan 2004

Logic Synthesis For Regular Fabric Realized In Quantum Dot Cellular Automata, Marek Perkowski, Alan Mishchenko

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata are one of the most prospective nano-technologies to build digital circuits. Because of the requirements of only 2 layer wiring and noise avoidance, realizing the circuit in a regular fabrics is even more important for this technology than for classical technologies. In this paper, we propose a regular layout geometry called 3x3 lattice. The main difference of this geometry compared to the known 2x2 lattices is that it allows the cofactors on a level to propagate to three rather than two nodes on the lower level. This gives additional freedom to synthesize compact functional representations. We …

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Radiated Emissions From Populated Printed Circuit Boards Due To Power Bus Noise, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Yan Fu Jan 2004

Radiated Emissions From Populated Printed Circuit Boards Due To Power Bus Noise, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Yan Fu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Previous studies have demonstrated that power plane pairs in a printed circuit board are capable of generating significant radiated emissions at resonance frequencies if these resonances are not damped by material or component losses. The paper shows that board resonances may be readily damped by component losses. However, radiated emissions from a damped power bus may still exceed FCC or CISPR limits over a broad band of frequencies.

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Robust Near-Field Adaptive Beamforming With Distance Discrimination, Y. Rosa Zheng, M. El-Tanany, R. A. Goubran Jan 2004

Robust Near-Field Adaptive Beamforming With Distance Discrimination, Y. Rosa Zheng, M. El-Tanany, R. A. Goubran

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a robust near-field adaptive beamformer for microphone array applications in small rooms. Robustness against location errors is crucial for near-field adaptive beamforming due to the difficulty in estimating near-field signal locations especially the radial distances. A near-field regionally constrained adaptive beamformer is proposed to design a set of linear constraints by filtering on a low rank subspace of the near-field signal over a spatial region and frequency band such that the beamformer response over the designed spatial-temporal region can be accurately controlled by a small number of linear constraint vectors. The proposed constraint design method is a …

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Robust Resource Allocation For Sensor-Actuator Distributed Computing Systems, Shoukat Ali, Jong-Kook Kim, A. A. Maciejewski, Howard Jay Siegel Jan 2004

Robust Resource Allocation For Sensor-Actuator Distributed Computing Systems, Shoukat Ali, Jong-Kook Kim, A. A. Maciejewski, Howard Jay Siegel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research investigates two distinct issues related to a resource allocation: its robustness and the failure rate of the heuristic used to determine the allocation. The target system consists of a number of sensors feeding a set of heterogeneous applications continuously executing on a set of heterogeneous machines connected together by high-speed heterogeneous links. There are number of quality of service (QoS) constraints that must be satisfied. A heuristic failure occurs if the heuristic cannot find an allocation that allows the system to meet its QoS constraints. The system is expected to operate in an uncertain environment where the workload, …

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The Robustness Of Resource Allocation In Parallel And Distributed Computing Systems, Shoukat Ali, Howard Jay Siegel, A. A. Maciejewski Jan 2004

The Robustness Of Resource Allocation In Parallel And Distributed Computing Systems, Shoukat Ali, Howard Jay Siegel, A. A. Maciejewski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper gives an overview of the material to be discussed in the invited keynote presentation by H. J. Siegel. Performing computing and communication tasks on parallel and distributed systems involves the coordinated use of different types of machines, networks, interfaces, and other resources. Decisions about how best to allocate resources are often based on estimated values of task and system parameters, due to uncertainties in the system environment. An important research problem is the development of resource management strategies that can guarantee a particular system performance given such uncertainties. We have designed a methodology for deriving the degree of …

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Unmanned Vehicle Navigation Using Swarm Intelligence, Sheetal Doctor, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Jan 2004

Unmanned Vehicle Navigation Using Swarm Intelligence, Sheetal Doctor, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unmanned vehicles are used to explore physical areas where humans are unable to go due to different constraints. There have been various algorithms that have been used to perform this task. This paper explores swarm intelligence for searching a given problem space for a particular target(s). The work in this paper has two parts. In the first part, a set of randomized unmanned vehicles are deployed to locate a single target. In the second part, the randomized unmanned vehicles are deployed to locate various targets and are then converged at one of targets of a particular interest. Each of the …

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Via Coupling Within Power-Return Plane Structures Considering The Radiation Loss, J. Chen, Todd H. Hubing, Weimin Shi, R. L. Chen Jan 2004

Via Coupling Within Power-Return Plane Structures Considering The Radiation Loss, J. Chen, Todd H. Hubing, Weimin Shi, R. L. Chen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An accurate analytical model to predict via coupling within rectangular power-return plane structures is developed. Loss mechanisms, including radiation loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss, are considered. The radiation loss is incorporated into a complex propagating wavenumber as an artificial loss mechanism. The quality factors associated with the three loss mechanisms are calculated and compared. The effects of radiation loss on input impedances and reflection coefficients are investigated for both high-dielectric-loss and low-dielectric-loss PCBs. Measurements are performed to validate the effectiveness of the model.

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A Distributed Power Control Mac Protocol For Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks., Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Jagannathan Sarangapani Jan 2004

A Distributed Power Control Mac Protocol For Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks., Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel distributed power control (DPC)⋅ scheme and a MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks in the presence of radio channel uncertainties such as path loss, Shadowing and Rayleigh fading is presented. The DPC quickly estimates the time-varying nature of the channel and uses the information to select a suitable transmitter power value in order to maintain a target Signal-to-Interference ratio (SIR) at the receiver. The standard assumption of a constant interference during a link's power update used in other works is relaxed. The performance of the proposed DPC is demonstrated analytically. The power used for all RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK frames …

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A Method For Enhancing The Snapshot Performance In San Volume Manager, Chang-Soo Kim, Dong-Jae Kang, Young-Ho Kim, Hag-Young Kim, Myoung-Jun Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak Jan 2004

A Method For Enhancing The Snapshot Performance In San Volume Manager, Chang-Soo Kim, Dong-Jae Kang, Young-Ho Kim, Hag-Young Kim, Myoung-Jun Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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A New Estimative Current Mode Control Technique For Dc-Dc Converters Operating In Discontinuous Conduction Mode, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Zhong Nie, Ali Emadi Jan 2004

A New Estimative Current Mode Control Technique For Dc-Dc Converters Operating In Discontinuous Conduction Mode, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Zhong Nie, Ali Emadi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new digital control technique for power converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is introduced and applied to a boost converter. In contrast to the conventional analogue control methods, the principal idea of this new control scheme is to use real-time analysis and estimate the required on-time of the switch based on the dynamic of the system. The proposed control algorithm can easily be programmed in a digital signal processor (DSP). This novel technique is applicable to any converter operating in DCM including power factor correctors (PFC). However, this work mainly focuses on the boost topology. In this paper, …

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Boost Integrated Push-Pull Rectifier With Power Factor Correction And Output Voltage Regulation Using A New Digital Control Technique, Zhong Nie, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Ali Emadi Jan 2004

Boost Integrated Push-Pull Rectifier With Power Factor Correction And Output Voltage Regulation Using A New Digital Control Technique, Zhong Nie, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Ali Emadi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An integrated converter is a synthesized converter based on the overall system integration, which is simplified by the system objective and can implement the system functions similar to the discrete converters. An integrated converter consists of converter sets; each converter set has a special function defined by the designer. A family of DC/DC Boost based integrated rectifiers with two active switches can be derived by the integration concept. In this paper, Boost + Push-Pull integrated converter is introduced and derived. To regulate the output voltage and shape the input current, a new simple digital control method is applied. In contrast …

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Ergodic Capacity Of Doubly Selective Rayleigh Fading Mimo Channels, Chengshan Xiao, Y. Rosa Zheng Jan 2004

Ergodic Capacity Of Doubly Selective Rayleigh Fading Mimo Channels, Chengshan Xiao, Y. Rosa Zheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ergodic capacity is investigated for doubly selective (frequency selective and time varying) MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. A closed form formula is derived that quantifies the effect of the ISI fading on the ergodic capacity into an ISI degradation factor. It is discovered that, in general frequency selective MIMO channels, the inter-tap correlations of the ISI fading will reduce the ergodic capacity comparing to the frequency flat fading channel. Only in the special case when the ISI fading does not have inter-tap correlations will the ergodic capacity be the same as that of the frequency flat channel. This new formula …

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Evolutionary Algorithms, Markov Decision Processes, Adaptive Critic Designs, And Clustering: Commonalities, Hybridization And Performance, Donald C. Wunsch, Samuel A. Mulder Jan 2004

Evolutionary Algorithms, Markov Decision Processes, Adaptive Critic Designs, And Clustering: Commonalities, Hybridization And Performance, Donald C. Wunsch, Samuel A. Mulder

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We briefly review and compare the mathematical formulation of Markov decision processes (MDP) and evolutionary algorithms (EA). In so doing, we observe that the adaptive critic design (ACD) approach to MDP can be viewed as a special form of EA. This leads us to pose pertinent questions about possible expansions of the methodology of ACD. This expansive view of EA is not limited to ACD. We discuss how it is possible to consider the powerful chained Lin Kernighan (chained LK) algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) as a degenerate case of EA. Finally, we review some recent TSP results, …

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A Preliminary Study Of Maximum System-Level Crosstalk At High Frequencies For Coupled Transmission Lines, H. Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, R. Wiese, J. Mccallum, Xiaopeng Dong Jan 2004

A Preliminary Study Of Maximum System-Level Crosstalk At High Frequencies For Coupled Transmission Lines, H. Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, R. Wiese, J. Mccallum, Xiaopeng Dong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Simple formulas were derived to quickly estimate maximum crosstalk between wires in a harness at high frequencies, where the length of circuits is comparable with or greater than the wavelength of the signals of interest. Formulas were derived from multi-conductor transmission line theory. When the source and load resistances are either both large or both small compared to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, maximum coupling is shown to be given by approximately XMAX = Cm / (C22 + Cm). A similar equation was found for the case where the load impedances are matched. …

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Adaptive Critics For Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Jan 2004

Adaptive Critics For Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work introduces a novel technique for dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) using adaptive critic designs. The adaptation between global and local search in an optimization algorithm is critical for optimization problems especially in a dynamically changing environment or process over time. The inertia weight in particle swarm optimization (PSO) is dynamically adjusted in this paper in order to provide a nonlinear search capability for the PSO algorithm. Results on benchmark functions in the literature are provided.

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Spectrum Visualization And Measurement Of Power Parameters Of Microwave Wide-Band Noise, Marina Koledintseva, Alexander A. Kitaytsev, V. A. Konkin, V. Radchenko Jan 2004

Spectrum Visualization And Measurement Of Power Parameters Of Microwave Wide-Band Noise, Marina Koledintseva, Alexander A. Kitaytsev, V. A. Konkin, V. Radchenko

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method for an adequate visualization of a microwave intense noise spectrum envelope in a wide frequency range (several octaves), measurement of its power parameters, and detection of a narrow-band signal with unknown frequency and power against the noise background is presented. This method is based on an application of a nonheterodyne principle of microwave frequency (and power) conversion using a gyromagnetic converter, which operates in two regimes in turn: the resonance detection and the cross-multiplication. A block scheme and an operation of a two-channel measuring device combining the mentioned functions are discussed.

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Supervisory Level Neural Network Identifier For A Small Power System With A Statcom And A Generator, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2004

Supervisory Level Neural Network Identifier For A Small Power System With A Statcom And A Generator, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A neural network based identifier is designed for effective control of a small power system. The power network in this work is considered from an external point of view, i.e., from a supervisory level. Such a neuroidentifier can serve as a general model of such a plant, and then used for different neural network based control schemes.

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Swarm Intelligence For Digital Circuits Implementation On Field Programmable Gate Arrays Platforms, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise Jan 2004

Swarm Intelligence For Digital Circuits Implementation On Field Programmable Gate Arrays Platforms, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Venu Gopal Gudise

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming increasingly important implementation platforms for digital circuits. One of the necessary requirements to effectively utilize the FPGA's resources is an efficient placement and routing mechanism. This paper presents an optimization technique based on swarm intelligence for FPGA placement and routing. Mentor graphics technology mapping netlist file is used to generate initial FPGA placements and routings which are then optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Results for the implementation of a binary coded decimal bidirectional counter and an arithmetic logic unit on a Xilinx FPGA show that PSO is a potential technique for solving …

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Temperature Considerations In Solar Arrays, Steve Eugene Watkins, Min-Jung Wu, E. J. Timpson Jan 2004

Temperature Considerations In Solar Arrays, Steve Eugene Watkins, Min-Jung Wu, E. J. Timpson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Temperature is an important consideration in the operation of photovoltaic (PV) arrays. In particular, daily and seasonal temperature variations are a limitation on the application of solar power to homes. At lower temperatures, PV systems produce more power. For higher temperatures, optimum operation requires modification of electrical load and removal of excess heat. Several technologies and approaches are available. To pursue this system optimization, PV cells were investigated at different temperatures. These investigations are compared with simulated theoretical results to draw more specific conclusions that can be applied to a solar house. A temperature reduction of 60⁰C improved the power …

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