Indigenous Studies Commons^™

Criminal Side Of Rock Case Over For Shaffer, Benita Heath

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Ironton Tribune on the criminal charges and trial against Steve Shaffer from July 30, 2009.

Kentucky, Ohio Might Have Been Fighting Over Wrong Rock, Lexington Herald-Leader

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Lexington Herald-Leader on July 26, 2009 stating that there are two Indian Head Rocks in the Ohio River.

Ky., Ohio Might Have Fought Over Wrong Rock, Associated Press.

Indian Head Rock Project

Article published in the Lexington Herald Leader on the Indian Head Rock from July 25, 2009.

Kentucky Wants Case Against Shaffer Dropped, Benita Heath

Indian Head Rock Project

Article published in the Ironton Tribune on the charges against Steve Shaffer related to the removal of the Indian Head Rock from July 25, 2009.

Prosecution Files Motion To Dismiss In Rock Fight, Kenneth Hart

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Ashland Daily Independent on the trial related to the Indian Head Rock removal from July 25, 2009.

Sides Over Rock Dispute Ready For August Trial, Benita Heath

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Ironton Tribune on the dispute over the Indian Head Rock from July 22, 2009.

Healers And Helpers, Unifying The People: A Qualitative Study Of Lakota Leadership, Kem M. Gambrell

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this critical grounded theory qualitative study was to explore Lakota Leadership from a Native perspective. Interviews were conducted with enrolled members of a Lakota tribe in an urban setting as well as on the Rosebud reservation to gain better awareness of leadership through a non-mainstream viewpoint. Previously, in order to understand leaders and followers, research limited its scope of discernment to dominant society, implying that non-mainstream individuals will acquiesce, or that differences found are inconsequential. Leadership scholars also have implied that leadership theory is “universal enough”, and can be applied globally regardless of influences such as race, …

Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, The Trail Of Broken Treaties, And The Politics Of Media, Jason A. Heppler

Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study explores the relationship between the American Indian Movement (AIM), national newspaper and television media, and the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan in November 1972 and the way media framed, or interpreted, AIM's motivations and objectives. The intellectual and political currents present in the 1960s, including the ideas of Vine Deloria, Jr., and the successes of the Civil Rights Movement, influenced the development of AIM's ideas about militant tactics and the role media played in social movements. AIM entered the national stage with the occupation of the Bureau oflndian Affairs in late 1972 and used television broadcasts and print …

Rediscovering Reo: Reflections On The Life And Anthropological Career Of Reo Franklin Fortune, Caroline Thomas

Pacific Studies

Reo Fortune’s legacy to anthropology has been overshadowed by his relation- ships with friends and colleagues, many of whom came to see him as difficult. Professional differences and personality clashes pervaded his career. Despite this, he was once regarded as the foremost anthropologist of his era. Fortune’s contribution to anthropology is reflected in his major publications and journal articles that illustrate the diversity and complexity of his fieldwork.

Guest Editor's Note, Gerald Sullivan, Sharon W. Tiffany

Pacific Studies

PACIFIC STUDIES

SPECIAL ISSUE: The Gang of Four: Gregory Bateson, Ruth Benedict, Reo Fortune, and Margaret Mead in Multiple Contexts

Narrative, Voice, And Genre In Margaret Mead’S Coming Of Age In Samoa, Sharon W. Tiffany

Pacific Studies

My contemporary reading of Coming of Age in Samoa explores Margaret Mead’s experimental ethnography as a textual artifact whose social history may be interpreted within a framework situated in gender, time, and place. Mead’s ethnography appeared to reinforce consumer-culture representations of female alterity and “free-love” in the South Seas, yet her text challenged these popular images with a radical counternarrative. Mead’s case study approach to the problem of adolescence, as well as her fieldwork photographs, created a narrative and visual space that questioned the dominant anthropological discourse of her day. Mead’s woman-centered book, combined with her publisher’s astute marketing strategies, …

Of External Habits And Maternal Attitudes: Margaret Mead, Gestalt Psychology, And The Reproduction Of Character, Gerald Sullivan

Pacific Studies

Some critics have thought of Margaret Mead’s research in culture and person- ality as a mechanical reduction of character types to child-rearing techniques. However, a closer reading of her work reveals that, by 1938, Mead understood character to arise in the social and communicative interactions between caregivers and their charges. For Mead, techniques such as swaddling were powerful means by which caregivers communicated attitudes to children, but those same techniques were not sufficient to either form a child’s character or produce an attitude within a caregiver. This article takes up the examination of this more psychologically dynamic Mead. It attends …

Dreams Of Fortune: Reo Fortune’S Psychological Theory Of Cultural Ambivalence, Roger Ivar Lohmann

Pacific Studies

Reo Fortune’s first book, The Mind in Sleep, published in 1927, considers dreams in which one’s attitudes contradict waking opinions. Fortune was keenly aware of his own conflicting perspectives and abhorred ethnocentrism. He argued that rejected beliefs remain subconsciously. Individuals hold contradictory beliefs using two capacities: logical and emotional representation and connection. The former is more accessible when awake, the latter in dreams. Fortune’s subsequent ethnographic studies attended to dreams and ambivalence. His theory encouraged his rejection of stereotyping by the “culture and personality” school of thought, and can be used as a model of cultural ambivalence with ongoing anthropological …

Writing Lives: Ruth Benedict’S Journey From Biographical Studies To Anthropology, Judith Schachter

Pacific Studies

Ruth Benedict’s early biographical essays illuminate her anthropology and, especially, the humanism that guided her choice of subjects, her style of writing, and her goals in the profession. I examine the biographical essays, written in response to World War I, and then assess the contribution of The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, written at the end of World War II. With the speech she made to the American Anthropological Association in 1947, Benedict completed the circle, proposing a new anthropology that would include the emotions, ethics, reasoning, and experiences of individuals. A response to the behaviorist social science of the times, …

Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum

Pacific Studies

In this paper, I place Thai Culture and Behavior in the context of Benedict’s work and life, American anthropology, and Thai studies. The paper begins with a summary of Benedict’s study and a critique of her Thai ethnography. This is followed with a discussion of its initial reception when it was first published and its later place in biographies about Benedict. Finally, I turn to my initial question of the role of Thai Culture and Behavior in Thai studies. Here I examine the two subsequent anthropological studies of Thailand: Embree’s seminal essay, “Thailand—A Loosely Structured Society,” the first field- workbased …

The Ecology Of The Anthropological Mind: Gregory Bateson’S Influence On Three Late Twentieth-Century Pacific Scholars, Phillip V. Guddemi

Pacific Studies

The influence of Gregory Bateson’s path-breaking ethnography, Naven, is well acknowledged in anthropology, as well as his collaborative work with Margaret Mead on Bali. Bateson’s later work, however, departed from anthropology, as conventionally conceived, to focus on issues of communication, psychiatry, animal ethology, cybernetics, and epistemology. These ideas have been influential for relatively few anthropologists. This essay focuses on the influence of Bateson’s later ideas on three anthropologists, all of them Oceanists: Roger Keesing, Robert I. Levy, and Roy Rappaport. These scholars shared an exposure to Bateson’s ideas prior to their popularization in collected essays published in Steps to an …

Vol. 32 No. 2-3 (2009): Pacific Island Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Front Matter for the Vol. 32, No 2-3-Jun/Sept 2009 edition of the Pacific Studies Journal.

Derek Freeman And Margaret Mead: What Did He Know, And When Did He Know It?, Paul Shankman

Pacific Studies

Derek Freeman’s published autobiographical statement and his biographers’ account of his life report that, before he went to Samoa in 1940, Freeman was a cultural determinist strongly influenced by Margaret Mead’s work. While in the islands, Freeman stated that he discovered that Mead was wrong about Samoan culture and felt responsible for refuting her work, thus establishing a linear progression in his critique of Mead from his own first trip to the islands to the eventual publication, some four decades later, of Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth (1983). Interviews with Freeman suggest, however, …

Introduction: On Four Anthropologists And Their Histories, Virginia Yans

Pacific Studies

This introduction discusses ten essays concerning Pacific anthropologists Gregory Bateson, Reo Fortune, Margaret Mead, and their colleague, Ruth Benedict. The intellectual and personal engagement of these four social scientists with each other is well known and heavily documented in archival collections: they worked as “before-the-text” collaborators in fieldwork and in formulating culture theory. My Introduction highlights the epistemological and textual strategies the contributors to this special issue employ to describe the “Gang of Four.” These essays demonstrate how a group of contemporary anthropologists think about the past and the history of their discipline. As a remedy for the disruption of …

Clyde Kluckhohn And The New Anthropology: From Culture And Personality To The Scientific Study Of Values, John S. Gilkeson

Pacific Studies

This essay examines Clyde Kluckhohn’s relations with Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and Gregory Bateson in two contexts: the school of culture and personality, and the Conference on Science, Philosophy, and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life convened during the Second World War. Kluckhohn strongly identified with the Boasian tradition. Enlisting in the Boasian campaign to make Americans more “culture-conscious,” Kluckhohn joined Benedict and Mead as a public intellectual. In this capacity, Kluckhohn sought to clarify the concept of culture and to widen its currency, emphasized the affinity between anthropology and psychiatry, and, after 1945, searched for …

“More Like Fighting Than Like Waiting”: Mead, Method, And The Proper Object Of Knowledge In Anthropology, Maureen Molloy

Pacific Studies

This paper examines the critical reviews of Margaret Mead’s and Reo Fortune’s early books and Mead’s responses to them. It argues that these reviews demonstrate a consensus about proper anthropological practice and the proper object of anthropological knowledge. Mead’s response was to go the offensive. She demonstrated her competence in the traditional fields of anthropology through her authorship of Kinship in the Admiralty Islands (Mead 1934) and her ability to generate “pure” knowledge and to provide historical context in The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (Mead 1932a). Most significantly, however, Mead challenged the consensus about the proper object of …

A Place Like This: An Environmental Justice History Of The Owens Valley - Water In Indigenous, Colonial, And Manzanar Stories, Monica Embrey

Pomona Senior Theses

This text provides an environmental justice analysis of the stories of the people who lived in the Owens Valley, who watered its land and cultivated its crops—pine trees, apple trees, and kabocha alike. Telling the personal stories of challenge and resistance that manifested alongside the oppressive forces of military and state domination provides the opportunity to align forcibly relocated, exploited and incarcerated people’s struggles throughout time. This text starts with The Nü’ma Peoples who were the first humans to live in the Owens Valley and continues with the struggle for empire between rival colonial empires of agriculture and distant urban …

Implications For Child Welfare Teaching And Human Services Personnel Perspectives Experiences Of Children With Special Needs, Sarah Huesmann

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Promise Of Heritage Bill Fades Under Scrutiny - It Could Harm Property Owners, Researchers, Charles S. Wagers Jr.

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Lexington Herald-Leader on April 13, 2009 on a heritage bill purposed in the Kentucky State General Assembly.

Judge Orders Stay In Rock Suit, Kenneth Hart

Indian Head Rock Project

Article published in the Ashland Daily Independent regarding the trial to resolve the removal of Indian Head Rock from April 8, 2009.

William Clark Indian Diplomat, H. Bert Jenson

English Faculty Publications

WILLIAM CLARK IS BEST KNOWN for his role in the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition. Meriwether Lewis died two years after that trek-in 1808, but William Clark settled in Missouri and lived on for more than three decades, serving as Indian agent, territorial governor, and later, Superintendent of Indian Affairs at St. Louis. Post-expedition America (1806-1840) was a time when the country looked inside itself for definition, a time when starry-eyed Argonauts peered out through the misty landscape of dreams that many times cloaked fear, reality, and propriety. They looked to settlenlent in the West, where opportunities based in land …

State Opposes Motion To Stay Rock Suit, Kenneth Hart

Indian Head Rock Project

Article in the Ashland Daily Independent on the trial related to the removal of Indian Head Rock from March 18, 2009.

Shaffer's Attorney Wants Civil Suit Held In Abeyance, Kenneth Hart

Indian Head Rock Project

An article published in the Ashland Daily Independent on the trial related to the removal of Indian Head Rock from March 15, 2009.

Crack Down On Heritage Thieves - Legislature Has Chance To Put Public's Interest First, Reginald Meeks

Indian Head Rock Project

A commentary piece written by Kentucky State Representative Reginald Meeks in the Lexington Herald-Leader on the need for a preservation bill to protect State historic sites from poachers.

Indigenous Informants Or Samoan Savants? German Translations Of Samoan Texts In Die Samoa-Inseln, Mary Elisabeth Cox

Pacific Studies

Most studies of Samoan culture and language published since 1900 rely on Augustin Krämer’s seminal ethnography Die Samoa-Inseln. It is unusual for a scholarly work to become so accepted and beloved by an indigenous people, but Samoans hand down copies of Die Samoa-Inseln from generation to generation. They particularly prize the extensive Samoan language texts that appear side by side with their German translations. However, an analysis of Krämer’s personal diaries reveals that his grasp of the Samoan language was at best rudimentary. I suggest that the German translation instead reflect the efforts of highly sophisticated Samoan informants who …