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The Archaeology Of The Middle Caddoan Period In The Middle Red River Valley Of Northeast Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Middle Caddoan period sites (estimated to date from ca. A.D. 1100-1300/1350; in the Middle Red River Valley of Northeast Texas appear to have cultural affiliation with the Sanders phase/focus originally recognized by Krieger. Sanders phase components are distributed in the Middle Red, Kiamichi, and Upper Sabine River basins of Southeast Oklahoma and Northeast Texas. In the Middle Red River valley, key components include the A.C. Mackin (41LR36), Fasken (41RR14), Roitsch (41RR16; previously known as the Sam Kaufman site), Holdeman (41RR11), Sanders (41LR2), and Harling (41FNI) sites.

Middle Caddoan period settlements along the Middle Red River include dispersed farmsteads and hamlets …

Middle Caddoan Period Archaeology In The Upper Sulphur River Basin, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Middle Caddoan period archaeological sites in the upper Sulphur River basin are rare, by contrast with the lower Sulphur River area, and probably the best-known site of this age in the upper part of the basin is the Hurricane Hill site (41HP106). The site is located on a high upland landform, at the Cooper Lake dam, overlooking the wide valley of the South Sulphur River.

The Hurricane Hill Middle Caddoan component occurs mainly on the South Rise, a natural sand-covered rise on the crest of the uplands. However, at least one burial and several pit features associated with the component …

Some Observations On Four Probable Middle Caddo Period Cemeteries In Camp And Upshur Counties, Northeast Texas, Robert L. Turner Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this paper, I discuss probable Middle Caddo period ceramic vessels and other artifacts from cemeteries at the Rumsey (41CP3), Harold Williams (41CP10), Graydon Adkins #1 (41UR21), and Graydon Adkins#2 (41UR17) sites in Camp and Upshur counties.

41hss74, The Coleman Farm Site On Starkey Creek, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Recent archaeological research on the Middle Caddoan period in Northeast Texas has made it abundantly clear that Middle Caddoan archaeological sites are much more common in the region than previously thought. Furthermore, with additional archaeological investigations, some radiocarbon dates, and a different perspectives on the regional archaeological record, a number of sites in the Sabine River drainage that used to be considered of Late Caddoan age are now more properly seen to be part of an intensive Middle Caddoan settlement of much of the basin. Truly, a broader and more complete view of the important Middle Caddoan period (ca. A.D. …

Notes On Caddoan Vessels Collected From The Mosquito Island Site (41ag66), Lake Sam Rayburn, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper documents four Caddoan ceramic vessels from the Mosquito Island site (4IAG66) at Lake Sam Rayburn. The vessels were obtained from the site by two individuals who violated the provisions of the Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), and were arrested on the site while in the act of disturbing the archaeological site. They were subsequently convicted under ARPA for their illegal actions.

Book Review: Exploring Ancient Native America: An Archaeological Guide, By David Hurst Thomas, 1994. Macmillan, New York, Xxii + 314 Pp., Maps, Photographs., Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This book on the sites, museums, and archaeological programs across the United States and Canada by David Hurst Thomas should be of great interest to the avocational and professional archaeological community. In the volume, he takes the reader on a guided tour of North American archaeology, focusing on places that "encourage visitation, provide interpretation, and can ensure adequate protection for both the visitor and for the surviving archaeological record." In return, his only request is for the help of the public in "protecting that past for others to enjoy as well." Throughout the text, he balances his views of archaeology …

Construction Damages A Prehistoric Caddo Indian Archaeological Site At The City Of Gilmer's Proposed Lake Gilmer, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In March 1996, the archaeological work being conducted at the proposed Lake Gilmer was called to a halt by the archaeological contractor (Horizon Environmental Services of Austin, Texas) and the City of Gilmer long before the required archaeological mitigation of important prehistoric Caddo sites had been completed. The reasons are still somewhat obscure.

After a delay of more than 1.5 years in the completion of the archaeological investigations at the proposed Lake Gilmer, a federal and state-permitted reservoir in Northeast Texas, the Division of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission has taken up the task of completing the archaeological …

Index To The First Five Years (1993-1997) Of The Journal Of Northeast Texas Archaeology, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

With considerable help and assistance along the way, the Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology have been able to successfully publish over the last five years (1993-1997) a journal of archaeological research concerning the prehistory and history of Northeast Texas. During 1993, the publication was entitled Notes on Northeast Texas Archaeology, as our intention was simply to publish an occasional journal of papers and book reviews. When it became apparent (in part through the efforts of the East Texas Archeological Conference, which also began in 1993) that there were many worthy papers on Northeast Texas archaeology that warranted publication, the title …

The Development Of The Burial Mound Tradition In The Caddo Area, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This is a significantly revised version of a paper I presented at the 1994 East Texas Archeological Conference in Tyler, Texas. The gist of that paper was that the origins of the burial mound tradition in the Caddo area can be traced, not to the Coles Creek culture in the Lower Mississippi Valley as the conventional wisdom would have it, but to an independent Fourche Maline mound building tradition that developed in and around the Red River Valley beginning about 100 B.C.2 I still think that there was an independent Fourche Maline mound building tradition and I still think that, …

Book Review "Don't Know Much About Caddo Archeology, Don't Know Much .... ", Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In an otherwise interesting and recently published book by Judith Nies entitled Native American History, there is an extremely wide-of-the-mark discussion of the Spiro site which I would like to share with the readers of Caddoan Archeology. The inaccuracy of the presentation conveys all too well, unfortunately, how little is still known about Caddoan archeology, and about the Caddo peoples, among the general public and the general reader.

Extractive Strategies At Peoria Quarry, Ottowa County, Oklahoma, Don Dickson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Peoria Quarry complex was first recognized as representing prehistoric activities by geologist Walter P Jenny in 1891. Jenny, who was studying the zinc and lead mines in southwestern Missouri and adjacent areas, made collections from the Peoria extractive area and submitted these specimens along with an introductory letter to Mr. G. K Gilbert of the United States Geological Survey. The latter contacted William H. Holmes, who visited the location in late October of that year (Holmes 1894:7-8). Prior to the evaluation of Jenny, the site was referred to as "old Spanish mines" because the local populace could not attribute …

Radiocarbon And Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates From The Camp Joy Mound (41ur144) In Northeast Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mike Turner, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Camp Joy Mound (41UR144) is a looted Caddo mound on property owned by the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, at Lake o' the Pines. Although only a small number of artifacts have been found in the mound deposits - principally a few brushed sherds - it appears to be a Late Caddoan period construction with two mound platforms, separated by extensive charcoal lenses from one ( or more) burned Caddoan structure e~posed in a larger looters trench. To ascertain the age of the burned Caddoan structure that stood on the main mound platform, we obtained two …

Archaeological Investigations At The Landa Park Golf Course, New Braunfels, Texas, John W. Arnn Iii, C. Britt Bousman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In April 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by the city of New Braunfels to perform monitoring and testing to determine the impact of planned construction on cultural resources in Landa Park. The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 1682. The planned development called for the construction of a golf cart bam, and subsurface excavations for one electrical line and two waterlines to supply the bam with power and water. Shovel testing was performed on the proposed site of the golf cart bam and along transects for the …

Archaeological Testing Of The New Plaza At Mission San Francisco De La Espada (41bx4), San Antonio, Texas, Kevin J. Gross

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio completed archaeological investigations of the eastern portion of the interior compound of Mission San Francisco de la Espada. The archaeological testing was undertaken in advance of the construction of a movie set in the New Plaza of the mission. The staging involved setting up approximately 100 tents, using eight-inch stakes driven about six inches into the ground. Twenty-six shovel tests were excavated across the plaza to locate any culturally sensitive areas which might be affected by the movie set.

Pre-1780 material from the …

Archaeological Monitoring Of A Parking Lot Construction Project In New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas, John W. Arnn Iii

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by the city of New Braunfels to conduct archaeological investigations prior to planned development of vacant city property. The plan called for the construction of a parking lot in close proximity to site 41 CM25, an Archaic-period cemetery. The investigation was to determine whether the proposed construction would impact site 41CM25 or other prehistoric and/or historic features. CAR staff conducted a pedestrian survey of the project area, shovel tested in the footprint of the proposed parking lot, and monitored tree stump …

A Reevaluation Of A Lithic Procurement Site (41bx63) In Converse, Bexar County, Texas, Kevin J. Gross

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

An archaeological survey of 35 acres in Converse, Texas, in northeastern Bexar County, relocated lithic site 4IBX63. Extensive shovel testing demonstrated that virtually no subsurface material was present. The surface site was collected and the chipped stone and raw material analyzed. The analysis suggests local chert cobbles were being selected for early and middle stages of tool manufacture at the site. A single diagnostic artifact, a Scallorn point, indicates that site use included the Late Prehistoric period.

Archaeological Monitoring Of A Sidewalk Construction Project In Landa Park, New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas, John W. Arnn Iii

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In February 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted monitoring for the construction of a handicap ramp in Landa Park, New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas. The work-required by the Texas Historic Commission-was performed under contract with the city of New Braunfels Parks and Recreation Department. The excavation of the footings for the handicap ramp covered an area roughly 2 x 5 m and was less than 70 cm in depth. Over 2,600 prehistoric artifacts were uncovered including bone, fIre-cracked rock, mussel shell, numerous platform and nonplatform flakes, cores, unifaces, several bifaces, and …

Archaeological Testing At Crook's Park In San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, Diane A. Cargill, Maureen Brown

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological testing at site 41HY261 was conducted from March 26-31, 1997, by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio, for the city of San Marcos Parks and Recreation Department. Testing demonstrates that 41HY261 contains deep, intact, stratified subsurface cultural deposits. Collectively, the artifacts recovered to date represent ca. 5,000 years of hunter-and-gatherer activity. Site 41HY261 has the potential to contribute significantly to the prehistory of the region, and is therefore recommended as eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.

Archaeological Investigations At The Landa Park Golf Course Pro Shop, New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas, John W. Arnn Iii

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In December 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by the city of New Braunfels to conduct testing and monitoring to determine the impact of planned renovation on the cultural resources on the Landa Park Golf Course. The planned renovation called for extensive modifications and additions to the existing Pro Shop constructed by the WPA in the 1930s. Modifications and additions included subsurface excavations required for additional foundation footings and utility lines. Shovel testing was performed within the footprint of the proposed addition and utility trenching was monitored. Evaluation of the …

Test Excavations At The Spanish Governor's Palace, San Antonio, Texas, Anne A. Fox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Test excavations were carried out in October 1996 by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio in front of the Spanish Governor's Palace in Military Plaza in downtown San Antonio. Planned for the retrieval of information on the depth and present condition of the foundations of the building, the excavations also recovered important information on previous occupation of the site and construction methods used when the palace was built.

Archaeological Investigations At Promontory Pointe At Stone Oak Ii, Bexar County, Texas, Owen A. Ford

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing for cultural resources at the proposed Promontory Pointe at Stone Oak II planned unit development, in northern Bexar County. The project was conducted under contract with Great America Companies on October 23 and 25, 1996. Upon completion of the survey and 11 subsurface tests, CAR determined that a light scatter of chipped stone debris was present, but no cultural resources would be impacted along the easements planned for trenching for sewer pipe installation.

Fire-Cracked Rock Use And Reuse In The Hueco Bolson, Fort Bliss, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Johanna M. Hunziker, Jeff D. Leach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an analysis of 29,058 pieces of fire-cracked rock and burned caliche selected from a sample of hundreds of features tested as part of the Hueco Mountain Archaeological Project at Fort Bliss, Texas. Feature and non-feature material included in this analysis were collected from site FB 13237 located on the proximal fan, FB 12719 within the basin area, and FB 12412 situated in the transitional zone between the two.

The goal of the analysis was to identify patterns of attribute variability in burned rock that could be …

Phase Ii Archaeological Investigations At Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, Brett A. Houk, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted significance testing at eight prehistoric archaeological sites at Lackland Air Force Base Medina Annex in Bexar County, Texas, for the Department ofthe Air Force under Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The Air Force had selected two areas of Medina Annex for possible impact associated with the construction of on-base housing. Alternate 1, the Medina Annex Housing Area, includes sites 41 BXl 088, 41BX1090 and 41BXI091. Alternate 2, the Medina Dog Training Area, includes sites 4IBX1070, 41BXll02, 41 BXII 03, …

Archaeological And Historical Investigations At The Alamo North Wall San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, James E. Ivey, Anne A. Fox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In March 1979, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted test excavations in the vicinity of the north wall of the Alamo within the second patio. A great deal of information was recovered about all phases of the development of the site, from the early eighteenth century through the restoration period in the early twentieth century.

Information was recovered on the location and dimensions of defensive trenches and structures constructed in the north courtyard in preparation for the battles of late 1835 and March 1836. A human cranium recovered from the fill of …

Archaeology At The Alamodome: Investigations Of A San Antonio Neighborhood In Transition, Volume I: Historical, Architectural, And Oral History Research, Anne A. Fox, Marcie Renner, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Because of the tremendous scope of the archaeological work and the associated analysis and write-up, the results of the Alamodome Project are presented in three volumes. This volume, the first of the series, contains the background research results, including chapters on the historical setting, the architecture present before demolition was begun, the oral history, a study of the African-American community, and a summary of the structural evolution of the area. Volume n contains a complete description of the archaeological excavations and a distributional analysis of the results. Included are numerous maps, drawings, and photographs of the work in progress. Volume …

Archaeology At The Alamodome: Investigations Of A San Antonio Neighborhood In Transition, Volume Ii: Excavations And Artifact Distribution Analysis, Anne A. Fox, Marcie Renner, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Because of the tremendous scope of the archaeological work and the associated analysis and write-up, the results of the Alamodome Project are presented in three volumes. Volume I contains the background research results, including chapters on the historical setting, the architecture present before demolition began, the oral histories, a study of the black community, and a summary of the structural evolution of the area. This volume, the second of the series, contains a complete description of the archaeological excavations and a distributional analysis of the results, written by Kenneth Wright, the archaeologist in charge of the fieldwork. Also included in …

Archaeology At The Alamodome: Investigations Of A San Antonio Neighborhood In Transition, Volume Iii: Artifact And Special Studies, Anne A. Fox, Marcie Renner, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On March 15, 1990, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio entered into a contract with the City of San Antonio's Multipurpose Domed Stadium Development Advisory Committee and Via Metropolitan Transit Authority to undertake cultural resource investigations of a 17-square-block (65 acre) area in downtown San Antonio, Texas (Figure F-l).

From mid-March to early July 1990, and periodically thereafter, intensive archival and historical research on the entire project area was carried out by CAR staff members. Architectural recording and assessment of all standing buildings was done by Andrew Perez and Associates. Thirteen oral …

Hemisfair Park, San Antonio, Texas: An Archival Study For The Convention Center Expansion, Edgar D. Johnson, I. Waynne Cox, C. Britt Bousman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August and September 1996, the Center for Archaeological Research conducted archival research on the proposed Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center Expansion in downtown San Antonio, Texas. This area, now in HemisFair Park, was once part of the agricultural fields for the Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo). This report presents a general history of the area, a review of previous archaeological research in HemisFair Park, detailed archival research on nineteenth-century buildings known to be present in the construction area, and recommendations for further archaeological investigations in preparation for the construction of the Convention Center. Also, all known photographs …

Historical And Archaeological Research Of The Hampton Inn Property In Downtown San Antonio, Marcie Renner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a three-phase investigation of property belonging to Hampton Inns, Inc., in downtown San Antonio, Texas. The first phase, a study of archival records and previous investigations, undertaken in 1989, showed that portions of the Alamo Acequia Madre ran through the property. During Phase II, in 1990, CAR placed five backhoe trenches to assess the remains of the acequia. These investigations showed the acequia to have been disturbed by earlier installation of a storm drain. CAR archaeologists monitored construction activities during Phase III in early 1995. Although …

Archaeological Survey Of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, David W. Pease, C. Britt Bousman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian cultural resources survey on 3,860 acres of land at Lackland Air Force Base and Medina Base Annex in Bexar County, Texas. Base boundaries contain parts of three tributaries of the Medina River: Leon Creek, Medio Creek, and the upper reaches of Long Hollow. Limited surveys and shovel testing began in the spring of 1994 in areas slated for development. These were followed by a 100-percent-pedestrian survey with limited shovel testing of the remaining undisturbed and undeveloped areas during the fall of 1994 and spring …