History Commons^™

Institutionalizing Femininity: A History Of Medical Malpractice And Oppression Of Women Through 19th Century American Mental Asylums, Ciara E. Pruett

Young Historians Conference

“Institutionalizing Femininity” explores the origins of the medicalization of gender norms in 19th century mental asylums. This paper examines the connections between rampant medical malpractice in 19th century American mental asylums, and how these abuses were a symptom of the patriarchy in the medical community acting to oppress the female psyche. One of the major issues this paper examines is the indistinguishability between psychiatry and gynecology in this time period. Gynecologists created the notion that women’s reproductive organs made them insane, by arguing that issues in the uterus or reproductive organs, or simply possessing female reproductive organs could cause insanity. …

33rd Annual Young Historians Conference Program, Portland State University History Department, Portland State University Challenge Program

Young Historians Conference

This is the 2023 Young Historians Conference schedule and abstracts.

Art Of Community, Nayely Furcal Marte

Global Studies Student Scholarship

Nayely Furcal Marte ’23
Major: Business Economics and Global Studies
Faculty Mentor: Nicholas Longo, Global Studies

Art has been used to create a spacious place for many people and has been a way to express themselves differently without using communication. There are many ways to do art: art can be painting, sculpture, literature, agriculture, cinema, music, or theater, no matter how individuals use it to help release emotions. Creating art as the artist or using it as the audience can help lift depression and positively heal mental health. Using art as a way of healing has represented patients and individuals …

The Christmas Never Forgotten: The Societal Impact Of The Christmas Truce, Michael Facenda

History & Classics Student Scholarship

Michael Facenda ’23
Majors: History and Classics and English
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Osama Siddiqui, History and Classics

This project tells the story of the infamous “Christmas Truce” of 1914 when British, French, and German soldiers fighting in World War I briefly put down their arms and crossed enemy lines to celebrate Christmas together. In particular, the project shows how the Christmas Truce has come to be remembered and depicted in media as an example of transnational solidarity and brotherhood. Drawing on a wide range of sources, such as films, songs, and TV commercials, the project offers an original and striking …

From Enslaver To White Savior: The Blackford Family And The Memory Of The American Colonization Society, Helen Dhue

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

Part of the same family but with a generation dividing them, Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford and her grandson, Launcelot Minor Blackford Junior, shared much of the same sentiment toward the American Colonization Society (ACS). Mary, active in the ACS before the Civil War, supported the organization despite criticisms wielded by abolitionists of the period. Mary looked to the ACS for salvation from discussions about the morality of enslavement while enjoying the comforts that the thought of an all-white America brought her. Launcelot, writing fifty years after Mary’s passing at the beginning of an emerging national conversation about Black civil rights, …

Mental Health In M*A*S*H: An Analysis Of The Changing Portrayal Of Mental Health Topics In The 1970s And Early 1980s, Lyndsey Clark

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

This paper studies all eleven seasons of the hit television show M*A*S*H (1972-1973) and examines how the portrayal of mental health changed in the show’s plotlines in response to changing guidelines and mental health policy in the 1970s and early 1980s. This study focuses on the association of mental illness with homosexuality, the changes made to the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in the 1970s and early 1980s, the rise and fall of mental health policies from the Kennedy Administration to the Reagan Administration, and the portrayal of several pertinent mental conditions, such as …

Patterns Of Integration: A Network Perspective On Popular Religious Connections In China’S Lower Yangzi, 1150–1350, Song Chen

Faculty Journal Articles

The spread of cults from their original homelands in the Song dynasty (960–1279) created crisscrossing ties between local communities and fostered social and cultural integration in Chinese society that transcended class and geographic boundaries. Scholars have produced numerous case studies on these translocal cults and their implications, but the pattern of connections across space created by these cults is yet to be explored. Using the data collected from local gazetteers that have survived from the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties, this article takes a bird’s‑eye view of the spatial distribution of popular cults in China’s Lower Yangzi region between 1150 …

Harry And The Rómulos: Relations Between The United States And Venezuela, 1946-1948, Ross Seidenschwarz, John Linn

ATU Scholars Symposium

This presentation briefly explores diplomatic relations between the United States and Venezuela during the period 1945 and 1948. While these years may seem arbitrary to United States historians, within Venezuela the three years were noted for a brief period of democracy, sandwiched between two periods of authoritarian rule. Known as the Trienio in Venezuelan history, the national government was headed by Rómulo Betancourt from October 1945 to February 1948 and Rómulo Gallegos from February to November 1948. Within the United States, this time period corresponds with parts of the first and second administrations of Harry S. Truman. This time period …

The Media Intervenes: Tulsa's 1921 Massacre And The Destruction Of The Greenwood District, Maclain M. Wheeler

ATU Scholars Symposium

This scholarly presentation and research paper focuses on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, specifically the ways in which the media progressed and intensified the events the Greenwood community faced. A vibrant community filled with opportunity and promise, Greenwood welcomed any African American who accepted its warm embrace. Ransacked and burned to the ground within two days, Greenwood residents were forced to reckon with the destruction. Greenwood became unrecognizable. Properties and possessions that had taken people many years to acquire were gone within a matter of hours. The framing put forth by the Tulsa Tribune provoked much of the white public …

Changing Norms Of Masculinity In England, Corey Handley

Symposium of Student Scholars

Britain underwent massive changes as it went from a European power to a world power, the society that formed on the rainy island would be subject to the rapid changes of industrialization and the Financial revolution as British ships began to export and import goods all over the globe from the Americas to India. This new environment allowed a new class of wealthy Britons to be made who owned trade goods, consumed luxury goods, socialized with women, and was an urban man of business. This contrasted shapely with the idealized rough, land-owning, independent man who denied luxury goods as they …

The Levellers And The Folly Of Consolidated Power, Benjamin Malik

Symposium of Student Scholars

Throughout the British civil war, a large portion of the forces under Cromwell identified as “Levellers” an ideological sect that believed in radically expanding voting rights, redistribution of land, and greatly expanding how many representatives would be involved in the government to help distribute power. But by the end of the British Civil War, they were cast out of all areas of power or had coalesced into the more conservative sect of the post-war government. The levellers had two very different evolutions, the first was a rural reaction to the aristocracy starting to enclose the common land and not allowing …

Quaker Reception Of Benjamin Lay, Linda Ugoagwu

Symposium of Student Scholars

The earliest records of Britain’s involvement in the slave trade date back to as early as 1562, however it was only towards the early nineteenth century that faith was publicly used as a reason to denounce slavery. Benjamin Lay, belonging to the religious Quakers or Society of Friends often goes overlooked when studying the subject of abolition in Britain, however his relentless efforts may have had a monumental impact in bringing about this change, despite numerous and some rather uncanny attempts to silence him. This essay aims to inquire the reasoning behind Benjamin Lay being disowned by the Quakers twice …

Little Rock's Unique Political Opportunities For Black Arkansans 1865 - 1905, Isaac J. Cross

ATU Scholars Symposium

From 1865 to 1905, black Arkansans experienced significant growth in political life, economic opportunities, social development, and legal protections. One of the most extraordinary and distinctive areas of change for black Arkansans was their increased involvement in political life, specifically office holding. After the Civil War, black Arkansans expanded their political opportunities in local elections, state positions, and federal appointments. However, this evolution did not provide equal opportunities to all black Arkansans. Urban areas of Arkansas experienced the most gains, for they contained significant pockets of middle-class black Arkansans able to take advantage of political opportunities. Cities in post-Civil War …

The History Of Women At The Columbus Air Force Base: Is It A Blessing Or A Curse To Be The First?, Emma H. Potter

Merge

No abstract provided.

From Mascot To Marine: The Long Walk To The American Military Dog Program, Elisabeth Jana Phillips

Masters Theses

In World War II, the military dog became synonymous with patriotism and the fight for a free world. In the absence of a military dog program at the beginning of World War II, the United States was the exception amongst Western powers. The establishment of an official military dog program in the United States during World War II was a critical and inevitable step in the development of the country’s military. Through the creative collaboration of civilians and military personnel, the K9 Corps and Dogs for Defense organization produced trained military dogs that had immediate positive impacts on the battlefield …

Heilbronn Im Jahr 1945: Warum Hier, Alexander Keuerleber

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

Die Stadt Heilbronn, im Südwesten Deutschlands, war und ist ein wichtiger Kreuzungspunkt im südlichen deutschen Raum. Dort kreuzen sich wichtige Handelswege: per Schiff, per Auto, per Zug und zu Fuß. Infolge der Handelswege wurde Heilbronn schnell eine einflussreiche Stadt und Drehpunkt im Land. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg führte das zu Konflikt und Bombardierungen. Wie viele andere deutsche Großstädte kam es 1944 in Heilbronn zu verheerenden Bombenangriffen und dann im April 1945 zu einem neuntägigen Kampf. Dieser Kampf war wichtig, weil er einer der brutalsten Kämpfe der Amerikaner in Deutschland war, und weil es auch der allerletzte große Kampfeinsatz für amerikanische Truppen …

Apartheid’S Leviathan : Electricity And The Power Of Technological Ambivalence, Faeeza Ballim

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

A fascinating study that shows how the intersection of technology and politics has shaped South African history since the 1960s.

This book details the development of an interconnected technological system of a coal mine and of the Matimba and Medupi power stations in the Waterberg, a rural region of South Africa near the country’s border with Botswana. South Africa’s state steel manufacturing corporation, Iscor, which has since been privatized, developed a coal mine in the region in the 1970s. This set the stage for the national electricity provider, Eskom, to build coal-fueled power stations in the Waterberg.

Faeeza Ballim follows …

The “Dread Sex Cases:” Community, Citizenship, And The Regulation Of Adult Theaters In The 1970s, Erin Barry

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Through an innovative examination of scale (local, state, and national regulatory structures), space (the location of theaters, the spatial arrangements inside them) and place (the cities and suburbs in which these battles took place), my dissertation on the regulation of adult theaters in the 1970s raises compelling questions about sexuality, space and the various levels at which citizenship is enacted and policed. I utilize three Supreme Court cases, Paris Adult Theater v. Slaton, which dealt with consent and the application of community standards, Erznoznik v. Jacksonville, which addressed bans on nudity and pornography at drive-in theaters, and Young v. American …

Review Of The Shared Witness Of C. S. Lewis And Austin Farrer. Friendship, Influence, And An Anglican Worldview, Grayson Carter

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Grayson Carter: Review of Philip Irving Mitchell, The Shared Witness of C. S. Lewis and Austin Farrer. Friendship, Influence, and an Anglican Worldview (Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 2021). 312 pages. $55.00. ISBN 9781606354179.

The Friends Of C.S. Lewis, Walter Hooper

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

A series of talks was given at Grandpont House, Oxford in 2013 to mark the half-century anniversary of C. S. Lewis’s death and the fortieth anniversary of J. R. R. Tolkien’s passing. The address by Walter Hooper focused on memories of C. S. Lewis and his friends and took that story up to Lewis’s death on 22 November 1963.1 The essay below, given on a different occasion,2 is a complementary address covering the period from 1963 to the death of Owen Barfield in 1997. Hooper himself passed away in 2020.

A Message In A Bottle: C.S. Lewis's American Epistolary Friendships, Bruce L. Edwards

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

The first French conference focused on C. S. Lewis was held at Lille Catholic University in June 2011. Bruce L. Edwards delivered a plenary talk there exploring the theme of friendship as demonstrated in the correspondence between Lewis and his American readers. Edwards had intended to revise this address for inclusion in the memorial volume dedicated to his friend Chris Mitchell. Edwards died in 2015 while still making revisions to the draft below.

Cousin To Cousin: Joy Davidman's Correspondence With Edward Rosenthal, Don W. King

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

The focus of the smaller collection below—comprised of six letters and postcards written between 1950 and 1960—is Joy’s correspondence with her first cousin, Edward (aka Eddie or Eddy) Rosenthal. Rosenthal was the son of Henry and Rebecca Rosenthal; Rebecca was the sister of Joy’s mother, Jennette Davidman, and thus Joy’s aunt. Rosenthal worked at the Los Angeles Examiner (est. 1903-62), a newspaper founded by William Randolph Hearst. The subjects of their correspondence include discussion of family members, notably Joy’s husband Bill Gresham as well as her sons David and Douglas, and a number of other extended kindred. Other topics are …

Seven Letters Of Warren Lewis To June Flewett, Don W. King

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Excerpt: June loved both Jack and Warnie, and she remembered Warnie with particular affection: “He was amusing and enjoyed playing the crusty old bachelor. He and Jack listened to classical music on an old gramophone with a huge wooden horn. I was sometimes invited to join them for this in Jack’s study. I do not remember ever seeing him in a bad mood. . . . In the two years that I shared his home he was consistently kind and courteous to me and I was very fond of him.” The seven letters that follow underscore Warnie’s deep affection for …

The Buck Stops Somewhere: An Analysis Of Global Governmental Responses To Covid-19, David Roundy

Honors Projects in History and Social Sciences

This study reviews a global sample of noteworthy governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The coronavirus first discovered in 2019, officially known as SARS-CoV-2, sparked radical change in every country across the globe, but as we enter the post-pandemic era, it is clear that some nations fared better than others when it came to addressing the situation. Some countries were better prepared to handle a viral outbreak before COVID-19 even began to spread, while others were aided by swift and effective leadership to ensure national success in the face of an international dilemma. This study makes use of both qualitative …

Estimating The Xi Effect: How Chinese Aid Affects Economic And Political Institutions, Mackenzie Owens

Business and Economics Honors Papers

Under Xi Jinping, China has expanded its aid allocation worldwide and has introduced global infrastructure projects to connect itself to countries everywhere. With such ambitious aid allocation, China has been the recipient of both admiration and scorn on the international stage. This paper assesses these concerns using data from 2000 to 2017 to determine how Chinese aid affects recipient states’ economic and political institutions. Specifically, this research looked to ascertain if there is a measurable Xi Effect in recipient states. The quantitative analysis shows the Xi Effect is small and positive on economic institutions and political institutions, signifying Xi Jinping’s …

Anthony K Jones

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Luther "Brother" Tremble

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Luther Tremble, Jr.

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Mrs. Dorothy Lemon-Gordon

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Review Of Our Of My Bone: The Letters Of Joy Davidman, Suzanne Bray

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Suzanne Bray: Review of Don W. King, ed., Out of My Bone: The Letters of Joy Davidman (Grand Rapids, 2009). xxxi + 421 pages. 22 b&w photos. $28.00. ISBN 9780802863997.