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Articles 1 - 30 of 1700
Full-Text Articles in History
Hammurabi’S Laws: Ancient Traditions Of Violence, Aaron Secrist
Hammurabi’S Laws: Ancient Traditions Of Violence, Aaron Secrist
The Confluence
The tradition of enforcing private property through violence is truly ancient, and goes back thousands of years to the first civilizations. There exists a prevailing attitude that contemporary culture is more “civilized” than the first organized societies – and while it’s true in some ways, our laws are still remarkably similar to those practiced in antiquity. In the following essay, I analyze the Law Code of Hammurabi and examine its parallels to the way laws function today. First, I will provide context for the technological advances that made the first city-states possible, then give a cultural and economic overview of …
Lucy Wortham James And The Gospel Of Wealth: A Case Study Of Female Philanthropy In Rural Missouri During The Progressive Era, Jacob F. Rinehart
Lucy Wortham James And The Gospel Of Wealth: A Case Study Of Female Philanthropy In Rural Missouri During The Progressive Era, Jacob F. Rinehart
The Confluence
Various historical scholars have examined the role of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth on philanthropic attitudes and endeavors of affluent Americans during the Progressive Era. Modern developments, driven by post-structural feminist theory, have shown that rural-born Missouri women, exemplified by Phoebe Apperson Hearst, acted as complementary equals to Carnegie through their humanitarian efforts by uniquely interpreting and implementing his social doctrines. However, the existing scholarship has focused substantially on coastal developments, neglecting the role of this benevolence in rural Missouri communities. By examining the philanthropic endeavors of Lucy Wortham James, both during her life and post-mortem through her endowment of …
Mary Easton Sibley’S Envisioned Societal Roles Through Education, Andrea Gentry
Mary Easton Sibley’S Envisioned Societal Roles Through Education, Andrea Gentry
The Confluence
Mary Easton Sibley, the founder of Lindenwood University, was an ambitious and strong-willed woman who promoted educational opportunities for women and minority groups. Biographers of Sibley tend to portray her promotion of education as an effort to empower (and equalize) women and minorities. However, while Mary promoted education for all, she did not promote the same education for everyone. Instead, she imagined education tailored to women, African Americans, Native Americans, and immigrants that would reflect what she considered the “proper” roles played by each in society. This research explores what social movements in the 19th century influenced Mary Sibley in …
20th Century Graphic Design Development: Bridging Theory, History, And Practice Through Russian Constructivism, Oscar A. Gonzalez Jr.
20th Century Graphic Design Development: Bridging Theory, History, And Practice Through Russian Constructivism, Oscar A. Gonzalez Jr.
Theses
This project centers on examining Russian Constructivism as a design movement and its influence on contemporary graphic design practices. It focuses on bridging historical theory and visual style with modern studio work, particularly through the creation of LGBTQ+ advocacy posters inspired by Constructivist aesthetics. The aim is to analyze the formal visual elements of Russian Constructivism while producing original designs that engage with current issues of identity and inclusion. Additionally, the project explores how the integration of analog and digital techniques can elevate visual messaging and creative expression.
Framing Queenship: Gender, Power, And Political Representation In Holbein’S Portraits Of Jane Seymour And Anne Of Cleves, Kateryna Chernenko
Framing Queenship: Gender, Power, And Political Representation In Holbein’S Portraits Of Jane Seymour And Anne Of Cleves, Kateryna Chernenko
Theses
This paper explores the intricate relationship between queenship, gender, and political representation as depicted in Hans Holbein’s portraits of Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves, two wives of Henry VIII. By analyzing these works within the framework of Tudor England's gender dynamics, we can better understand how Holbein’s portraits transcend mere artistic expression to serve as critical commentaries on the roles of women in a predominantly patriarchal society. Recent scholarly trends emphasize the significance of gender in the interpretation of historical art, revealing how these portraits reflect, challenge, and reinforce the societal constructs of their time. This study focuses on …
2024-2025 Lindenwood University Viewbook, Lindenwood University
2024-2025 Lindenwood University Viewbook, Lindenwood University
Viewbooks
Promotional booklet sent to prospective students of Lindenwood University.
Enhancing History Education With Google Notebooklm: Case Study Of Mary Easton Sibley’S Diary For Multimedia Content And Podcast Creation, Paul Huffman, James Hutson
Enhancing History Education With Google Notebooklm: Case Study Of Mary Easton Sibley’S Diary For Multimedia Content And Podcast Creation, Paul Huffman, James Hutson
Faculty Scholarship
This article explores new features of Google’s NotebookLM, an AI-powered tool designed for advanced document analysis and educational content generation. Tested on the 92-page transcribed diary of Mary Easton Sibley, the founder of Lindenwood University, NotebookLM effectively generated FAQs, a study guide, a table of contents, a briefing document, and an audio overview in podcast format. By transforming static historical documents into dynamic learning materials, the document-based AI model provides a user-friendly interface for educators and students, especially those without experience in audio editing or podcasting. While successful in creating study guides and audio formats, the tool faced challenges in …
Sorority Life At Lindenwood College: 1905-1921, Sarah Marian
Sorority Life At Lindenwood College: 1905-1921, Sarah Marian
Student Scholarship
A paper describing the early years of sororities at Lindenwood College
Preserving Linguistic Diversity In The Digital Age: A Scalable Model For Cultural Heritage Continuity, James Hutson, Pace Ellsworth, Matt Ellsworth
Preserving Linguistic Diversity In The Digital Age: A Scalable Model For Cultural Heritage Continuity, James Hutson, Pace Ellsworth, Matt Ellsworth
Faculty Scholarship
In the face of the rapid erosion of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage globally, the urgency for effective, wide-ranging preservation methods has never been greater. Traditional approaches in cultural preservation often focus narrowly on specific niches, overlooking the broader cultural tapestry, particularly the preservation of everyday cultural elements. This article addresses this critical gap by advocating for a comprehensive, scalable model for cultural preservation that leverages machine learning and big data analytics. This model aims to document and archive a diverse range of cultural artifacts, encompassing both extraordinary and mundane aspects of heritage. A central issue highlighted in the …
The Real Story Behind Lindenwood University's Recent Decisions, John Porter
The Real Story Behind Lindenwood University's Recent Decisions, John Porter
John Porter
President Porter's explanation for the decision to eliminate some sports programs.
Digital Resurrection Of Historical Figures: A Case Study On Mary Sibley Through Customized Chatgpt, James Hutson, Paul Huffman, Jeremiah Ratican
Digital Resurrection Of Historical Figures: A Case Study On Mary Sibley Through Customized Chatgpt, James Hutson, Paul Huffman, Jeremiah Ratican
Faculty Scholarship
This study investigates the emerging realm of digital resurrection, focusing on Mary Sibley (1800–1878), the esteemed founder of Lindenwood University. The core objective was to demonstrate the capability of advanced artificial intelligence, specifically a customized version of ChatGPT, in revitalizing historical figures for educational and engagement purposes. By integrating comprehensive diaries from Sibley with Claude 2.0, the research utilized a substantial autobiographical dataset to develop a GPT beta version that replicates her distinct voice and tone. The incorporation of her official portrait and diaries into the GPT Builder was pivotal, creating an interactive platform that accurately reflects her perspectives on …
The Holistic Archival Personality Profiling Model (Happm): Comprehensive Data Integration For Personality Analysis, James Hutson, Pace Ellsworth
The Holistic Archival Personality Profiling Model (Happm): Comprehensive Data Integration For Personality Analysis, James Hutson, Pace Ellsworth
Faculty Scholarship
The traditional approach to biographical profiling, predominantly reliant on limited and fragmented datasets, has frequently resulted in superficial personality understandings. This is largely due to an overemphasis on official records and notable events, neglecting the rich tapestry of everyday experiences and personal interactions that significantly shape personalities. To address this shortcoming, this article introduces a multi-disciplinary methodology, The Holistic Archival Personality Profiling Model (HAPPM), which integrates a diverse array of archival materials, including personal correspondences, social media footprints, and family memorabilia. This approach involves digitizing various data forms, including handwritten documents, into machine-readable text, and then semantically classifying this data …
America’S New Industry?: How Guidebooks Motivated Sericulture In The 19th Century, Caroline Smith
America’S New Industry?: How Guidebooks Motivated Sericulture In The 19th Century, Caroline Smith
Student Scholarship
In 1840, George C. Sibley, a Missouri resident best known for his time as an Indian agent and one of the founders of what is now Lindenwood University, received a letter from his cousin Origen Sibley the contents of which discussed family matters, politics, and lastly a peek into what Origen believed was a budding industry in America1. The industry in question, silk production. In the letter, Origen opens a hooking discussion about the requirements of silk production, primarily regarding the food supply of the silkworm and the profitability that he estimates will come from it. This is the kind …
History And Myths Around The Battle Of Shiloh, Trey Lowenthal
History And Myths Around The Battle Of Shiloh, Trey Lowenthal
Student Scholarship
On April 6th and 7th, 1862, the deadliest battle in American history up to that time was waged, with a staggering total of twenty three thousand dead, wounded, and missing.1 Though as guns fell silent on the evening of the 7th, another battle began, the battle for the narrative. It was a battle for the truth of what happened, and it is one that is still waged to this day. Unlike the physical confrontation that took place in 1862, the lines of battle and allegiance are not so easily defined. It is a patchwork of veterans, generals, newspapers, and historians. …
Digital Twins And Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study Of Best Practices And Reproducibility In Chiesa Dei Ss Apostoli E Biagio, James Hutson, Joe Weber, Angela Russo
Digital Twins And Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study Of Best Practices And Reproducibility In Chiesa Dei Ss Apostoli E Biagio, James Hutson, Joe Weber, Angela Russo
Faculty Scholarship
The use of digital twin technologies to preserve cultural heritage has become increasingly common over the past two decades. Evolving from the use of virtual environments (VE) and digital reconstructions that required multiple phases of workflow and multiple software applications and various hardware to output a useable experience to the immediacy of 3D artificial intelligence (AI) generative content and the latest generation of photogrammetric scanning, non-specialists are now able to more easily create digital twins. At the same time, the destruction of cultural heritage has accelerated due to geopolitical instability, seen in examples such as the invasion of Ukraine by …
Creating A 1940s Costume: A Historical Investigation, Jennifer Mott
Creating A 1940s Costume: A Historical Investigation, Jennifer Mott
The Confluence
The purpose of this Art History research investigation was to create a costume from the 1940s by immersing myself in a time period when people often made their own clothing. This was done to better understand what it means to have a personal connection to the items I wear. Our experiences as consumers in the twenty-first century are vastly different than those belonging to the people that lived during the mid-twentieth century because almost all of our clothing is purchased from corporations and created by people that we will likely never meet. For this investigative study, I shopped for and …
How The Defiance Of The Mormon People Was Expressed By The Attitudes Of Federal Officials In Utah, Preston Hammerschmidt
How The Defiance Of The Mormon People Was Expressed By The Attitudes Of Federal Officials In Utah, Preston Hammerschmidt
Student Scholarship
The second half of the 1800s was one of the most important eras in all of American history. It is filled with bloodshed, great political movement, heroic actions, and sorrow. The Civil War was fought due to many factors including the ending of slavery and states’ rights. The Republican Party of 1856 ran on the ending of the "Twin Relics of Barbarianism." These relics are the issues of slavery and polygamy. The party looked to push a more radical agenda and end both of these "relics." The question of polygamy in the late 1800s parallels the issue of slavery in …
“I Never Shrink From Any Duty”: Mary Easton Sibley And The Gendered Politics Of Abolitionism, Stephanie Marks
“I Never Shrink From Any Duty”: Mary Easton Sibley And The Gendered Politics Of Abolitionism, Stephanie Marks
Student Scholarship
Mary Easton Sibley, the founder of Lindenwood University, was an ambitious woman. A supporter of the abolition movement and women's education, she founded and taught in schools for white women and enslaved African Americans in St. Charles, Missouri. As an American woman in the nineteenth century, however, her attitudes toward race and gender proved complex, reflecting the struggle of white women at the time. Drawing on scholarship that examines a shift in the focus of white female abolitionists of the period from freeing enslaved peoples to freeing white Americans from the sin of slavery, This case study poses two unique …
Teaching Buried History: Connecting Teachers And Cemeteries, Jeffrey Smith
Teaching Buried History: Connecting Teachers And Cemeteries, Jeffrey Smith
Documents
An article discussing how to use cemeteries as a means of teaching history to students.
A Comparison Of The Canadian And Japanese Unesco Cultural World Heritage Sites, Tessa L. V. O'Connor
A Comparison Of The Canadian And Japanese Unesco Cultural World Heritage Sites, Tessa L. V. O'Connor
The Confluence
The purpose of this comparative study was to explore the similarities and differences between Canadian and Japanese cultures through a comparison of their respective UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites. Specifically, the historical, religious and spiritual, and geographical factors that led to the designation of said World Heritage sites in each country are compared. Analysis of these factors reveals that Canadian Cultural World Heritage Sites, as well as modern Canadian culture, have been molded by a combination of foreign and domestic influences. In contrast, Japanese Cultural World Heritage Sites and modern culture are primarily a result of domestic influences. The cumulative …
Using Color To Identify Neotropical Parrots In Early Modern European Art: Recognizing Limitations And Avoiding Pitfalls Through Integration Of Scientific And Artistic Knowledge, Deniz Martinez
The Confluence
Colorful Neotropical parrots were amongst the first and most frequent exotic animals to be imported by Europeans from the “New World” of the Americas, becoming key figures in what would become known as the Columbian exchange. There has been an ongoing effort to locate and identify images of Neotropical parrots in the visual record of early modern Europe, with the classification of many remaining unsettled in the scholarship. Proper identification of these images can be valuable data for reconstructing historical biogeography and transatlantic trade; especially compelling is the potential of certain “mystery parrots” in the visual record to support the …
Edith Stein: Foremother Of Catholic Feminism, Grace Marshall
Edith Stein: Foremother Of Catholic Feminism, Grace Marshall
Student Scholarship
Until the late twentieth century, the work of Edith Stein was largely lost to history: a casualty of the Holocaust. In her short life, Stein produced an extensive collection of scholarly work consisting of twenty-seven separate volumes, the majority of which was completely untouched until the late 1950s. This vast repertoire covered a variety of topics, including her own autobiography, phenomenology and Thomism, and social issues. Stein’s work continued to be overlooked in the English-speaking world because none of it was published in English until the late 1980s. One volume in Stein’s repertoire, Essays on Woman, published in English …
“A Nation Of Orders”: Authoritarian Rhetoric And The Missouri Council Of Defense In World War I, Zane Bell
“A Nation Of Orders”: Authoritarian Rhetoric And The Missouri Council Of Defense In World War I, Zane Bell
Student Scholarship
In wartime, demographic groups with a greater resemblance or relation to the populations of adversarial powers often bear the brunt of social pressure on the homefront. To a degree, even the oft-hated proponents of peace -- who sometimes do coincide and overlap with the aforementioned sort of demographics -- seem to receive comparably less vitriol from the rest of the public. Indeed, wartime powers frequently persecute portions of their population for the sake of uncovering a “fifth column” -- an idea made popular by a fascist general in the Spanish Civil War who claimed that the march of his four …
Friday Message From The President, April 29, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, April 29, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, April 29, 2022
Friday Message From The President, April 22, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, April 22, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, April 22, 2022
Friday Message From The President, April 8, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, April 8, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, April 8, 2022
Friday Message From The President, April 1, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, April 1, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, April 1, 2022.
Friday Message From The President, March 25, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, March 25, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, March 25, 2022
Friday Message From The President, March 18, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, March 18, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, March 18, 2022.
Friday Message From The President, March 11, 2022, John Porter
Friday Message From The President, March 11, 2022, John Porter
John Porter
Friday Message from the President, March 11, 2022