Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Ai-Enhanced Heat Transfer Optimization In Magnetic Bio-Nanofluids, Hasan Attyah Shaboot

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study presents a hybrid Artificial Intelligence–Computational Fluid Dynamics (AI-CFD) framework for optimizing heat transfer in magnetic bio-nanofluids subjected to external magnetic fields. Magnetic bio-nanofluids, composed of biocompatible base fluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, exhibit tunable thermal and flow behavior, making them promising for biomedical and micro-cooling applications. Conventional optimization methods based on experiments or brute-force CFD are computationally expensive and limited in exploring the full design space. To overcome these challenges, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate model was developed to predict two key performance indicators, the Nusselt number and the friction factor, with high accuracy (R² > 0.997). The …

Adaptive Modulation Techniques To Enhance Ofdm System Performance, Alaa Aqeel Mohammed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication is supposed to combine a broad coverage of services, including high-speed data, video streaming, multimedia applications and voice transmission, into a single scale. Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is among the most popular techniques proposed to meet this objective in which the settings of the transmission are dynamically optimized to the prevailing changing conditions of the channel fading. This paper is concerned with the adaptive modulation in OFDM. We find out the performance of un-coded adaptive modulation on the schemes of QAM and PSK. An effort to use convolutional coding is also integrated into the structure of …

Design And Development Of Solar-Powered Water Desalination Systems, Salam Ali Hassoon Alabooda

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Background: Freshwater scarcity and growing energy demand have promoted interest in sustainable desalination technologies, particularly in arid areas like Iraq which has high solar resource and decentralized water supply becomes a key factor. Aim: The purpose of this study was to design and test a solar powered water desalination system that could enhance fresh water productivity, thermal efficiency and quality of water under the climatic conditions of Iraq. Methodology: It was designed as hypothetical pilot-scale system that comprised of a single-slope solar still combined with a flat-plate solar collector, a 200 W photovoltaic-driven circulation pump and 18 kg of phase …

Comparative Adsorptive Performance Of Clinoptilolite, Purolite, And Mesoporous Carbon (Cmk-3) For Heavy Metals And Hydrocarbons Removal From Real Petrochemical Effluent, Eynas Muhamad Majeed, Nuha Muhsen Ali

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Petrochemical activities result in the generation of effluent that contain highly toxic heavy metals and oil products, which are very hazardous to the environment. The research tries to examine the adsorption capacity of three materials synthetic clinoptilolite, synthetic Purolite, and synthesized mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) in the removal of Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, benzene, and toluene present in real refinery effluent obtained at Al-Dora Refinery in Iraq (Baghdad). The experiments were carried by batch adsorption that investigated the equilibrium behavior, kinetic performance, and the influence of ionic strength and organic co-contaminants. The heavy metal adsorption was …

The Impact Of Architectural Form On Seismic Performance Of Buildings, Durgham Munir Abdul Hadi, Abdullah Saadoon Salman, Lahib Ali Abdul Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Seismic overall performance of buildings is a important issue in each architectural and structural design, especially in regions exposed to seismic dangers. Despite giant improvements in structural engineering technologies, the function of architectural form stays insufficiently incorporated into layout practices geared toward improving seismic resistance. This look at investigates the effect of the formal dimension of architectural design on the seismic performance of buildings by analyzing key shape-related attributes, namely regularity, symmetry, simplicity, continuity, and slenderness. An analytical–descriptive method is followed, based totally on an extensive evaluation of applicable literature and the assessment of architectural configurations with regards to their …

Quality Of Life Indicators In Historic Urban Spaces: A Case Study Of Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa, Baghdad / Iraq, Israa H. Karam Ali, Shireen I. Khazaal

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Historic urban spaces play a central role in shaping social interaction, environmental comfort, and collective identity in cities with deep cultural heritage. Despite this importance, empirical assessments of their performance in terms of Quality of Life (QoL) from the perspective of contemporary users remain limited, particularly in the context of Baghdad. This study examines Quality of Life indicators within a historic urban space through a case study of Al-Mustansiriya Madrasa, one of Baghdad's most prominent historic educational complexes. A descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, integrating a structured questionnaire survey, systematic on-site observation, and spatial analysis based on Space Syntax techniques. The …

Interaction Design In Museum Architecture: A Contemporary Developmental Vision For The Iraqi Museum, Afaf Abdel Sahib Mohammed, Enas Salim Abdulahaad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The Iraqi Museum's remaining architectural form and traditional display techniques do not allow for enough interaction between visitors and the items, despite the museum's great heritage and cultural value. This between visitors and the exhibits. Additionally, the museum does not include interactive technologies and contemporary architecture, which are now essential components of modern museums around the world.This invites the question of how to optimize the Iraqi Museum's visitor experience by applying the principles of interaction design in museum architecture within a contemporary developmental vision. In order to revive the architectural spaces within the Iraqi Museum, the research aims to generate …

Experimental Analysis Of Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Performance Using Field Measurements At The State Company For Heavy Engineering Equipment, Mohammed Kanaan Sedeeq

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The current paper provides a detailed experiment and numerical study of the performance of the combustion chamber of a heavy-duty diesel engine in the common Iraqi industrial conditions at the State Company of Heavy Engineering Equipment (HEESCO). The main goal is to close the difference between what is specified by the manufacturers concerning the performance data, which is usually assumed to be under ideal conditions of the ISO standard, and the real efficiency of operation as witnessed in the field. The methodology is based on a hybrid approach that combines direct field measurements of in-cylinder pressure, temperature and fuel flow …

An Ai And Iot Framework For Dynamic Optimization And Sustainability In Smart Cities, Zeinab E. Ahmed, Rashid A. Saeed, Salah Hagahmoodi, Mamoon M. Saeed, Khalid Hamid, Sally D. Abugasim, Eyman F. A. Elsmany

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Smart cities are emerging as a critical solution for creating more efficient, sustainable, and comfortable urban environments. This transformation is primarily driven by the synergistic integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The IoT provides a pervasive network of connected sensors that collect real-time urban data, while AI serves as the analytical engine that processes this information to optimize city-wide systems. This paper presents a comprehensive framework that leverages this AI-IoT convergence for dynamic optimization to achieve long-term urban sustainability. The framework focuses on enabling intelligent, data-driven decision-making across core urban domains. The discussion and analysis …

Optimization Of Bearing Design In Centrifugal Pumps Using Finite Element And Experimental Methods: Application At South Refineries Company, Basra, Mohammed Hasab Naser Al-Mtasher

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In the study, nonlinear vibration and thermo-mechanical characteristics of centrifugal pump bearings utilized in the cooling tower system of South Refineries Company (Basra) were properly examined using a combined experimental and numerical method. The intent of the study was to learn the impact of misalignment, the nature of the lubrication film, and thermal gradients on the stability of the operation of these bearings and their service life under realistic industry environment conditions. Finite element model (FEM) was constructed and tested on the basis of real field data obtained at the working pumps that allowed realistic distribution of stress and temperature. …

Hybrid Solar - Coal Thermal Energy System For Industrial Process Heat At Sayona Drinks Limited In Tanzania, Santos Kihwele, Elisha D. Bitesigirwe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Over the past two decades, global efforts to mitigate pollution from conventional energy sources have intensified, with coal remaining a major contributor to carbon emissions. While fossil fuels cannot be eliminated from thermal generation in manufacturing industries, particularly in middle‑income countries such as Tanzania, they continue to dominate as the primary energy source. Industries including food and beverage, paper, textile, paints, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals require substantial thermal energy for heating and drying, and typically rely on coal and natural gas.This study introduces a unique application of a parabolic trough solar thermal system with integrated thermal energy storage, specifically tailored to …

Trajectory-Based Model Predictive Control For Rotary Crane Sway Suppression With Only Horizontal Boom Actuation, Haryson J. Nyobuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Safety is of biggest importance in construction and industrial activities involving rotary cranes. These cranes are huge and responsible of moving large parts or/and materials from different positions. Now operating these cranes tend to be subdue to pay load oscillations when moving the load for which is extremely dangerous when not suppressed. This study proposes the generation of trajectory using Model predictive control approach with reduced control horizon compared to state horizon. Reduced control horizon design reduces computational time for trajectory generation while maintaining the pay-load sways to a minimum. In this approach the complex dynamic model is reduced to …

The Impact Of Gender Sensitization On Requirements Elicitation: A Controlled Experiment, Ruthbertha Kateule, Salome Maro, Leonard Peter Binamungu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Previous studies in software engineering have reported the importance of considering gender aspects in various software engineering activities, including requirements engineering, however, to the best of our knowledge, no work has investigated the impact of gender sensitisation on eliciting gender inclusive software requirements. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of gender sensitisation on software requirements elicitation. We conducted a controlled experiment using 40 undergraduate students from three different computing programs at the University of Dar es Salaam. The 40 participants were divided into 9 groups with both males and females. The participants were asked to elicit …

Load Flow And Fault Performance Evaluation Of Interconnected Minigrids In Uganda Using Digsilent Powerfactory, Prossy Mutesi, Santos Kihwele, Emmanuel Matee

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The increasing demand for decentralized, reliable electricity in rural Sub-Saharan Africa has catalyzed the deployment of minigrids as an intermediate electrification strategy. This study investigates two solar photovoltaic (PV) mini-grids: Kyamugarura and Kanyegaramire, located in western Uganda, approximately 3km apart. Each mini grid initially consisted of 13 kW installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity, supplying power to households and small businesses. Due to rising demand and regular evening blackouts, both mini-grids are being upgraded to 57 kWp each. The integration of these upgraded systems into the national utility grid is proposed and simulated to evaluate performance improvements under two medium-voltage interconnection options: …

Investigation Of Inlet Turbulence Effects On Mixing Characteristics Of A Jet In Crossflow, Erin Jagger

Masters Theses

Gas flaring is widely used in the oil and gas industry to dispose of excess waste gas, and improving flare efficiency is critical for reducing emissions. Flare performance depends strongly on turbulent mixing between the flare gas and surrounding crossflow. While previous studies have examined the effects of crossflow velocity and low turbulence levels, the combined effects of crossflow turbulence intensity and integral length scale on mixing remains insufficiently understood.

This study uses a non-reacting jet in crossflow (JICF) configuration to represent the mixing process between the flare and crossflow interaction. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations …

Agentic Ai-Enabled Physics-Informed Machine Learning Framework For Intelligent Building Modeling, Control, And Automation, Zixin Jiang

Dissertations - ALL

Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption, and meeting the 2050 net-zero decarbonization targets requires retrofitting approximately 10,000 buildings per day in the United States alone. However, current human-centered workflows for building modeling, simulation, control, and operation remain too slow and labor-intensive to support deployment at this scale. This dissertation proposes an integrated two-pillar framework consisting of a physics-informed machine learning framework for integrated building modeling, control, and simulation, and a multi-agent agentic AI framework for automating building energy engineering workflows built on top of that foundation. The first pillar introduces a Physics-Informed Modularized Neural Network (PI-ModNN) …

Rapid Synthesis And Processing Of High-Capacity Layered Oxide Cathode Materials For Lithium And Sodium Batteries, Hansheng Li

Dissertations - ALL

Lithium-Manganese-Rich-Oxide (LMRO) is a type of layered oxide cathode active material with high energy densities of up to 900 - 1,000 Wh kg-1, competitive in capacity-demanding rechargeable lithium batteries. The increased energy density is beneficial for the range and recharging interval of electric vehicles. Based on layered Ni/Mn/Co oxide cathode materials, a high Mn content is chosen for this project as being abundant, while increased Ni concentration trades off thermal stability with specific capacity, while Co is carcinogenic and sourced less sustainably. Lithium content is increased along with Manganese content stoichiometrically as a second phase is introduced. Traditional synthesis routes …

Nozzle Erosion Reconstruction Model For Data Analysis In Rocket Engines And Correlation With Chamber Pressure, Ryan J. Thibaudeau, Stephen A. Whitmore

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

Graphite nozzles remain the dominant choice for small hybrid and solid rocket motors operating on laboratory and university budgets, owing to their low cost, ease of machining, and rapid turnaround during iterative design campaigns. These same programs, however, must contend with the fact that graphite erodes through coupled thermochemical and mechanical mechanisms when exposed to the oxidizing species generated by high-energy propellant combustion, and the resulting throat-area growth fundamentally alters the time histories of chamber pressure, thrust, and delivered specific impulse. This paper presents a nozzle-erosion reconstruction model that extracts the time-resolved throat area from coupled thrust and chamber-pressure measurements …

Enhancing The Barrier And Mechanical Properties Of Kraft Paper For Food Packaging Using Poly (Lactic Acid) Coatings Via Dip-Coating Technique, Putu Hadi Setyarini

Makara Journal of Science

Moisture-resistant kraft paper is important for food packaging because it helps preserve product quality and extend shelf life. However, untreated kraft paper exhibits limited barrier performance owing to the porous and hydrophilic nature of its cellulose structure. Herein, the mechanical and barrier properties of kraft paper were enhanced by applying poly (lactic acid) (PLA) coatings using a dip-coating technique with PLA concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 g/100 mL and either single- or double-dip-coating cycles. The results showed that increasing the PLA concentration and applying a double dip-coating treatment consistently improved coating thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, water resistance, …

Effect Of Heat Treatments On The Corrosion Resistance Of A Trip Steel And Its Evaluation By Non-Destructive Testing, Karla Ivette Vega-Nava, Ariosto Medina-Flores, Marco Antonio Espinosa-Medina, José Sergio Pacheco-Cedeño, Héctor Guillermo Carreón-Garcidueñas, Francisco Fernando Curiel-López, Jose Jaime Taha-Tijerina

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The development of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) for the automotive industry requires optimizing the balance between mechanical properties and durability in aggressive environments. This study investigates the effects of two heat treatment routes on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (Fe-0.2C-1.75Mn-0.5Si-1Al). Route A includes a full austenitizing step at 1000 °C prior to intercritical annealing, whereas Route B omits this step and begins directly with intercritical annealing at 800 °C. Microstructural characterization (SEM/XRD), electrochemical assays, and eddy current tests were employed. The results revealed that Route A yields a homogeneous microstructure with 12.7% retained austenite, …