Structural Materials Commons^™

Design For Fractal Grid Generated Turbulence, Moira Gion

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

Fractal geometry can be used to find organization or order in something that appears to be in disorder, or chaos. Turbulence is viewed as one place where fractal geometry can be found in nature. The irregularity in fluid flow is dependent on the initial conditions. In the past, the idea of self-similarity has been used to develop statistical theories of energy cascade in a turbulent flow. Recent studies have done experiments on obstructing flows with fractal objects to observe intermittency, (or self-similarity) within a turbulent flow. Experiments on fractal grid generated turbulence has been performed by other research groups, so …

Improving The Capacity, Durability And Stability Of Lithium-Ion Batteries By Interphase Engineering, Qinglin Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

This dissertation is focus on the study of solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on advanced lithium ion battery (LIB) anodes. The purposes of this dissertation are to a) develop a methodology to study the properties of SEIs; and b) provide guidelines for designing engineered SEIs. The general knowledge gained through this research will be beneficial for the entire battery research community.

Three-Dimensional Microstructural Effects On Multi-Site Fatigue Crack Nucleation Behaviors Of High Strength Aluminum Alloys, Yan Jin

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

An experimental method was further developed to quantify the anisotropy of multi-site fatigue crack initiation behaviors in high strength Al alloys by four-point bend fatigue testing under stress control. In this method, fatigue crack initiation sites (fatigue weak-links, FWLs) were measured on the sample surface at different cyclic stress levels. The FWL density in an alloy could be best described using a three-parameter Weibull function of stress, though other types of sigmoidal functions might also be used to quantify the relationship between FWL density and stress. The strength distribution of the FWLs was derived from the Weibull function determined by …

Beyond Conventional C-Plane Gan-Based Light Emitting Diodes: A Systematic Exploration Of Leds On Semi-Polar Orientations, Morteza Monavarian

Theses and Dissertations

Despite enormous efforts and investments, the efficiency of InGaN-based green and yellow-green light emitters remains relatively low, and that limits progress in developing full color display, laser diodes, and bright light sources for general lighting. The low efficiency of light emitting devices in the green-to-yellow spectral range, also known as the “Green Gap”, is considered a global concern in the LED industry. The polar c-plane orientation of GaN, which is the mainstay in the LED industry, suffers from polarization-induced separation of electrons and hole wavefunctions (also known as the “quantum confined Stark effect”) and low indium incorporation efficiency that …

Corn Stover Biochar In Gypsum Board: Empirical Analysis Of Thermal Conductivity And Flexural Strength, Albena Yordanova

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Gypsum board, an economical and durable finish material for wall and ceiling construction in the United States and worldwide, is the component with the lowest thermal performance in a typical exterior wall assembly. It also constitutes a substantial portion of construction waste in landfills, potentially creating harmful environmental effects and dangerous gases. To minimize the negative effects of fast growing construction waste of gypsum in landfills and meet higher standards for energy efficiency in construction, there is a need to explore sustainable ways of improving thermal properties of gypsum board and recycling the material. Gypsum can be recycled and used …

Influence Of The Substrate Characteristics On The Bond Behavior Of Pbo Frcm-Concrete Joints, Tommaso D'Antino, Lesley H. Sneed, Christian Carloni, Carlo Pellegrino

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites can be employed as a valid alternative to Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The weakness of FRCM-concrete joints has been reported to be at the matrix-fiber interface rather than within the concrete substrate, as is usually reported in the case of FRP-concrete joints. The experimental investigations regarding FRCM strengthening available in the literature have been performed by applying the FRCM composite onto a surface that was treated before the application, usually by grinding or sandblasting. However, the role of the substrate characteristics on the failure mechanism of …

Evolution Of Non-Metallic Inclusions In Foundry Steel Casting Processes, Marc Harris, Von Richards, Ronald J. O'Malley, Semen Naumovich Lekakh

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The evolution of nonmetallic inclusions was examined for 4320 steel at an industrial steel foundry. The steel was followed from electric arc furnace melting through ladle refining to final casting. Timed sampling was performed at all stages of the process. Samples were analyzed using an automated SEM/EDS system. The overall evolution of oxide inclusions in terms of nucleation, growth, and flotation during liquid processing was studied using area fraction and average diameter. Chemical composition evolution was observed using a joint ternary plotting tool developed under this program. It was found that the use of zirconium as an addition for nitrogen/oxygen …

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Force-Controlled Nanoindentation, Keaton Jaramillo

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The aim of this honors research is to develop a force-controlled nanoindentation algorithm for molecular dynamics simulation. The algorithm was tested on Silicon using the Tersoff potential and Gold using the Embedded-Atom Method (EAM) potential. The effect of varying the damping parameters that adjust the system pressure and changing run length between force iterations is explored. The force-controlled algorithm was developed and shown to be working by correlating pop-in events shown in the force versus displacement (P-h) curves to visualization software showing phase transformation or dislocation events in the sample.

Polyacrylonitrile Copolymers: Effects Of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity, Composition, And Sequencing On Thermal Ring-Closing Stabilization, Jeremy D. Moskowitz

Dissertations

Controlled polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber precursors with defined molecular weights, polydispersities, compositions, and architectures have been prepared for their study on thermal ring-closing stabilization behavior. PAN and its copolymers of number average molecular weights exceeding 170,000 g/mol were successfully synthesized via low temperature reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT polymerizations of PAN-based precursors were compared to conventional free radical solution polymerizations with a focus on the effects of molecular weight and polydispersity on structural evolution and cyclization efficiency. When RAFT polymerization was extended to copolymers, it was found that RAFT copolymers achieved greater cyclization intensities and improved thermal stability …

Process Development For Compression Molding Of Hybrid Continuous And Chopped Carbon Fiber Prepreg For Production Of Functionally Graded Composite Structures, Corinne Marie Warnock

Master's Theses

Composite materials offer a high strength-to-weight ratio and directional load bearing capabilities. Compression molding of composite materials yields a superior surface finish and good dimensional stability between component lots with faster processing compared to traditional manufacturing methods. This experimental compression molding capability was developed for the ME composites lab using unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg composites. A direct comparison was drawn between autoclave and compression molding methods to validate compression molding as an alternative manufacturing method in that lab. A method of manufacturing chopped fiber from existing unidirectional prepreg materials was developed and evaluated using destructive testing methods. The results from …

A Comparison Of The Bond Behavior Of Pbo-Frcm Composites Determined By Double-Lap And Single-Lap Shear Tests, Lesley Sneed, T. D'Antino, C. Carloni, C. Pellegrino

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the bond behavior and stress-transfer mechanism of polyparaphenylene benzo isoxazole (PBO) fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites bonded to a concrete substrate using double-lap and single-lap shear tests. Results of double-lap shear tests with different composite bonded lengths and widths are presented and compared with those from single-lap shear tests previously reported by the authors. The idealized load response developed from single-lap shear tests is found to characterize the response of the composite in double-lap shear tests, although with a few key differences. With the double-lap shear test, load redistribution among the …

Ozone Reaction With Interior Building Materials: Influence Of Diurnal Ozone Variation, Temperature And Humidity, Donghyun Rim, Elliott T. Gall, Randy L. Maddalena, William W. Nazaroff

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Indoor ozone chemistry affects human exposure to ozone and reaction products that also may adversely affect health and comfort. Reactive uptake of ozone has been characterized for many building materials; however, scant information is available on how diurnal variation of ambient ozone influences ozone reaction with indoor surfaces. The primary objective of this study is to investigate ozone-surface reactions in response to a diurnally varying ozone exposure for three common building materials: ceiling tile, painted drywall, and carpet tile. A secondary objective is to examine the effects of air …

Characterizing Strain Accumulation, Residual Stress, And Microstructure Of Additive Manufactured Materials, Hannah K. Woods, Todd A. Book, Catalina Parada, Michael D. Sangid

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving fabrication technology beneficial for its cost-saving potential to produce complex, low-volume shapes. However, AM materials are currently limited to nonstructural applications due to variability in their structural integrity, particularly their fatigue lives. IN718, Ti64, and Al10MgSi specimens manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) were characterized based on variation of post-processing techniques and build direction. To understand the impact of each variable, surface roughness, hardness, residual stresses, microstructure, and strain accumulation in response to Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) were studied. The use of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) provided grain orientation and grain size …

Influence Of Warping On Stress For Restrained Concrete Slabs: For Application To Crcp, Corey M. Beck, W. Jason Weiss, Nathan T. Todd

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Continuously-reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is widely used in transportation system because of its low maintenance requirement. However, the need for large volumes of steel creates a high cost for new construction. The Illinois Tollway is preparing to substantially renovate highways in and around Chicago and this work seeks to understand how concretes of varying mixture designs can be made thinner by reducing the amount of built-in stress. The experiment examines warping in beams subjected to various degrees of restraint, in an effort to assess effectiveness at reducing warping in continuously reinforced concrete pavements. Value added methodologies such as internal curing …

Examining The Hydration And Mechanical Properties Of Cement Paste Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals, Yvette Valadez-Carranza, Charles Y. Chiu, W. Jason Weiss, Pablo Zavattieri, Jeffrey P. Youngblood

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a nano-scaled particulae material that has been shown to improve strength in cementitious pastes. One advantage of CNCs compared to other nano-materials is that CNCs are renewable and sustainable. The objective of this investigation is to investigate the influence of additional alkali content on the behavior of CNCs in cement paste. This work evaluates flexural and compressive strength as a function of heat of hydration—which measures the extent of reaction. Previous mechanical tests on cement paste containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have shown CNCs to improve the flexural strength of cement paste by approximately 30%. Isothermal calorimetry …

Temperature Dependent Surface Reconstruction Of Freely Suspended Films Of 4-N-Heptyloxybenzylidene-4-N-Heptylaniline, Daniel E. Martinez Zambrano

Lawrence University Honors Projects

Surfaces of freely suspended thick films of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) in the crystalline-B phase have been imaged using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy. Steps are observed on the surface of the film with a height of 3.0 +/- 0.1 nm corresponding to the upright molecular length of 7O.7. In addition, we find that the step width varies with temperature between 56 and 59 degrees C. The steps are many times wider than the molecular length, suggesting that the steps are not on the surface but instead originate from edge dislocations in the interior. Using a strain model for liquid crystalline layers …

Investigating The Cause Of Unique Mechanical Behavior In Platinum Alloy Guidewire Tips, Evan Borgeson, Alfred Rosen

Materials Engineering

The platinum alloy used by Abbott Vascular in guidewire tips exhibits a yielding behavior characterized by an abrupt transition from elastic to plastic zones and high ductility. This yielding behavior was hypothesized to be a result of one of three structural phenomena: ordering, solute strain aging, or interstitial strain aging. To test for these strengthening mechanisms in the wire, X-ray diffraction analysis, heat treatments, and tensile testing were completed. The wire has a diameter of 0.0025 inches and was supplied in two forms, the final stress relieved state, and as-drawn from the production line. Heat treatments were performed at 130 …

Forest Sign Maker, Victor Espinosa Iii, Kevin Ly, Lisa Yip

Mechanical Engineering

Executive Summary:

The Inyo National Forest is arguably one of the most beautiful locations in California, containing natural masterpieces such as Mount Whitney and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest. Despite its magnificence, the Inyo National Forest can be a treacherous region. The Friends of the Inyo take pride in being able to facilitate the viewing experience for all outdoorsmen by maintaining the mountain trails, which includes providing adequate trail signage.

Unfortunately, there is a fundamental issue with the recent state of trail signage in the Inyo National Forest: the rate at which signs are being vandalized or naturally destroyed is …

Analysis Of Compression Creep Deformation Of 7050 Aluminum Large Scale Open Die Forgings During The Solution Heat Treatment Process, Ashley Lopez, Elysha Cole

Materials Engineering

A stress, ranging from 104.17 to 166.67 psi, was applied to 0.5 in diameter cylindrical samples of 7050 aluminum using a manufactured fixture that applies stress using an indenter with a diameter of 0.127 in. The stress range used replicates the stresses produced on large scale forgings weighing up to 4000 lbs. We chose a maximum, medium and low stress as our stress parameters. The samples were placed into the fixture for stability then placed in a furnace heated to 890°F which is the solution heat treatment temperature for 7050 aluminum. The heat treatment times varied between 4 and 24 …

Improving Product Design By Predicting Flexural Strength Of A Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panel Composite Using Ply Tensile Strength, Justin Lui, Javal Patel

Materials Engineering

The use of composite sandwich panels has increased in the aerospace industry. Prediction of a theoretical composite construction's flexural properties is important for efficient composite product designs. Utilizing the four point flexure geometry defined by Zodiac Aerospace, Santa Maria, CA, a mechanical model was derived to predict the flexural behavior of a theoretical honeycomb core sandwich composite using laminate tensile properties. The most common failure mode of Zodiac Aerospace’s four point bend test is a failure in tension of the bottom laminate. Given this information, ASTM D3039 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials) was chosen …