Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Simple Analysis And Possible Solutions Of The Unusual Interfacial Reactions In Li-S Batteries, Xin-Ping Ai, Yu-Liang Cao, Han-Xi Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Rechargeable Li-S batteries are a promising power source with realizable energy densities several times higher than current Li-ion batteries. However, the capacity utilization and cycling stability of the existing Li-S technologies are still insufficient for battery applications. The causes for the electrochemical instability of this redox system arise probably from the changes in the surface structures and electrochemical microenvironments of the Li anode and sulfur cathode during charge-discharge reactions, which includes the frustrated electron transfer in the sulfur-carbon interface, the dissoluble diffusion of the polysulfide intermediates, and the shuttle reaction inbetween the sulfur and Li electrodes. To deal with these …

Application Of First Principles Calculations In Anode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries, Tian-Ran Zhang, Dai-Xin Li, Si-Qi Yang, Zhan-Liang Tao, Jun Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

First principles calculations play an important role in the study and development of new materials for lithium batteries. In this paper, we review the application of first principles calculations in the design of anode materials, including the modeling of the interaction of lithium in the anode materials, capacity, voltage, electrochemical reaction process, diffusion, rate capability, the relationship between the structure and properties, and the experimental phenomena interpreting. Based on the discussions, we emphasize on the importance of first principles calculations and demonstrate their requirement for further development.

An Overview Of Electrode Materials In Microbial Fuel Cells, Su-Qin Ci, Na Wu, Zhen-Hai Wen, Jing-Hong Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that can directly convert organic chemical energy into electrical energy with microbial as catalysts. MFCs are a promising bio-electrochemical system with the potential to degrade organic sewage and produce electricity. This article supplies a critical and comprehensive review for the electrode materials concerning about anode and cathode in MFCs, including the fabrications, functional modifications and surface constructions of electrode materials, as well as their applications in MFCs. Additionally, the existing problems of electrode materials in current MFCs have been demonstrated in order to provide the guideline for exploring the next-generation electrode materials for MFCs.

Preparation And Characterization Of Prussian Blue Modified Nanoelectrode, Wei Wang, Bao-Fa Su, Dong-Ping Zhan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Pt nanoelectrodes were fabricated by using a laser-based pipet puller and the recessed nanoelectrodes were prepared by etching of disk Pt nanoelectrodes wtih high frequency ac voltage. Prussian blue microcrystal was synthesized electrochemically on the both disk and recessed Pt nanoelectrodes. The strength of mechanical adhesion for the Prussian blue microcrystal on the nanoelectrode was enhanced. A novel method for the controllable synthesis of single particle is proposed, which has potential applications in modified electrodes and single particle electrocatalysis.

Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Tin@Mno Fibers By Coaxial Electrospinning, Chao-Qun Shang, Hai-Yan Yang, Xin-Hong Zhou, Zhong-Lei Man, Peng-Xian Han, Jian-Hua Yao, Yu-Long Duan, Guang-Lei Cui

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this study, the titanium nitride (TiN) @manganese oxide (MnO) core-shell structured fibers were prepared by the coaxial electrospinning using tetrabutyl titanate and manganese acetylacetonate as raw materials, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the template. And then the fibers were annealed in ammonia to finally obtain the coaxial TiN@MnO fibers. XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX and physical adsorption instrument were used to characterize the phase structure, morphology, composition and specific surface areas and pore sizes of the samples. It was demonstrated that the as-synthesized TiN@MnO fibers possessed coaxial structure with a surface area of 16 m²·g^-1. As indicated …

Performnces Of Lini0.5Mn0.5O2 Thin Film Electrodes Prepared By Pulsed Laser Deposition, Yun-Hai Wan, Guo-Liang Yuan, Hui Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

The all-solid-state thin-film Li-ion batteries with high energy density, power density and temperature stability are the ideal power sources for microelectronic devices. Developing new thin-film cathodes with large specific capacity is the key to their practical applications. The LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ with a layered structure has a higher reversible capacity and better structural stability compared with traditional LiCoO₂ cathode material. In this work, the LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ thin film cathodes were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The effects of substrate material and temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and composition of the thin …

The Electrocatalytic Performance Of Pd Catalysts Supported On Pvp Modified Mwcnts For Formic Acid Oxidation, Jing Zhang, Xiao Zhao, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper the MWCNTs were modified by Poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) to support Pd nanoparticles, which were used as the catalyst for formic acid electrooxidation. And the performance of Pd/PVP-MWCNTs catalysts was studied by electrochemical measurements. The observations from Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) illustrated that the Pd nanoparticles with a small size and narrow size distribution were highly dispersed on PVP-MWCNT support. Therefore, the Pd/PVP-MWCNTs catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity for formic acid electrooxidation.

Novel Molten-Salt Electrolysis Processes Towards Low-Carbon Metallurgy, Wei Xiao, Hua Zhu, Hua-Yi Yin, De-Hua Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

This review focuses on recent developments in molten-salt electrolytic metallurgical processes with respect to 1) high-efficiency metallurgical technologies via electrolytic reduction of solid oxides in molten chlorides and 2) zero-carbon-footprint electrochemical splitting metallurgical technologies. Initiating with an introduction on dynamic solid/solid/liquid three-phrase interlines electrochemistry for electrochemical reduction of solid cathode, the former aspect is discussed in terms of facilitating mass transfer throughout solid cathode, one-step production of functional alloy powders with the assistance of under-potential electroreduction of active metals and near-net-shape production of metal/alloy components. Whilst the latter is summarized by introducing some zero-carbon molten-salt electrolytic technologies including electro-splitting of …

Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Tio2/Gns Nanocomposite As Anode Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Lin-Lin Qin, Huan Zhang, Xiao-Jing Liu, Jian-Hui Xu, Yi-Ning Shi, Ming-Sen Zheng, Quan-Feng Dong

Journal of Electrochemistry

The honeycomb-like porous TiO₂/graphenes (TiO₂/GNs) nanocomposite was prepared by a reflux method. SEM and TEM results showed that nanosized anatase TiO₂ (about 5~10 nm) were dispersed uniformly on the surface of the GNs. The TiO₂/GNs composite showed excellent rate and cycling performance: A stable charge capacity of 169.5 mAh·g^-1 was obtained at 30C, and can restore to 241.7 mAh·g^-1 while current went back to 1C. The stable charge capacity of TiO₂/GNs nanocomposite electrode up to 201.9 mAh·g^-1 was achieved at 10C in the first cycle, and could be …

Methodological Significance Of "Property-Activity Relationship" For Catalyst Studies, Jun-Tao Lu, Li Xiao, De-Li Wang, Yu-Bao Sun, Yan-Ge Suo, Lin Zhuang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Instead of attempting the structure-activity relationship (SAR), which is commonly regarded as the core problem for catalyst studies, this paper highlights the methodological significance of “property-activity relationship (PAR)”. The “property” here refers to an index （such as the adsorption energy of an intermediate） or a group of indexes reflecting the behavior of a catalyst which interacts with reactants or intermediates, and is a bridge between structure and activity. Because property is related to activity more directly than structure to activity, PAR should be simpler, less difficult and, therefore, more feasible to be accessed than SAR. Once the key property is …

Synthesis Of Spherical Ni3S4 By Solvothermal Method As Supercapacitor Electrodes, Qing-Na Huan, Li-Fang Jiao, Qing-Hong Wang, Hong-Mei Du, Jia-Qin Yang, Wen-Xiu Peng, Yi-Jing Wang, Hua-Tang Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Ni₃S₄ microspheres have been synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The crystal structure and surface morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microspherical Ni₃S₄ exhibits good electrochemical capacitance validated by electrochemical measurements. The specific capacities of 1120.6 F∙g^-1 at 0.5 A∙g^-1 and 433.4 F∙g^-1 at 4 A∙g^-1 with the capacitance retention of 89.37 % and 84.88 % were obtained after 1000 cycles, respectively. The electrochemical reaction is expected due to the transformation of Ni(OH)₂ and NiOOH based on the XRD, XPS and CV …

Detection Of Pml/Rarî± Fusion Gene Using Gold Nanopaticles Modified Electrode By Chronocoulometry, Li-Man Wang, Li-Qing Lin, Shao-Huang Weng, Xin-Hua Lin, Yuan-Zhong Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A gold nanoparticles modified electrode was prepared by electrodeposition at constant potential. The sulfydryl modified probe was immobilized onto surface of gold nanoparticles via Au-S covalent bond and hybridized with complementary target DNA sequences, then the DNA sensor was fabricated for the detection of PML/RARα fusion gene by chronocoulometry in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the surface morphology of gold nanoparticles and the constructing process of sensor. With hexaammineruthenium(Ⅲ) chloride (RuHex) as a novel electrochemical indicator, the chronocoulometric DNA biosensor was employed to monitor artificial APL PML/RARα fusion …

Capillarity-Driven Droplet Ejection, Andrew Paul Wollman

Dissertations and Theses

Drop Towers provide brief terrestrial access to microgravity environments. When used for capillary fluidics research, a drop tower allows for unique control over an experiment's initial conditions, which enables, enhances, or otherwise improves the study of capillary phenomena at significantly larger length scales than can normally be achieved on the ground. This thesis provides a historical context for the introduction of a new, highly accessible, 2.1s tower design used for capillary research and presents a variety of demonstrative experimental results for purely capillarity-driven flows leading to bubble ingestion, sinking flows, multiphase flows, and droplet ejections. The focus of this thesis …

Hierarchy Of Supramolecular Synthons In The Of Design Multi-Component Crystals, Padmini Kavuru

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Most of the biological systems in nature are sustained by molecular self-assemblies which are the finest examples of supramolecular architectures. Non-covalent interactions are key concepts which govern these molecular assemblies. Inspired by these examples crystal engineering emerged as an important tool in supramolecular chemistry which aids in the invention of new molecular structures with desired properties. Understanding of how the molecules interact at the molecular levels enables one to rationally design novel solid forms with modulated physicochemical properties. This feature of crystal engineering has heightened its position in materials chemistry and is currently one of the most well studied fields …

Novel Platform Development Using Assembly Of Carbon Nanotube, Nanogold And Immobilized Rna Capture Element For Rapid, Selective Sensing Of Bacteria, Elizabeth I. Maurer, Kristen K. Comfort, Saber M. Hussain, John J. Schlager, Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

This study examines the creation of a nano-featured biosensor platform designed for the rapid and selective detection of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The foundation of this sensor is carbon nanotubes decorated with gold nanoparticles that are modified with a specific, surface adherent ribonucleiuc acid (RNA) sequence element. The multi-step sensor assembly was accomplished by growing carbon nanotubes on a graphite substrate, the direct synthesis of gold nanoparticles on the nanotube surface, and the attachment of thiolated RNA to the bound nanoparticles. The application of the compounded nano-materials for sensor development has the distinct advantage of retaining the electrical behavior …

Interfacial Friction Between Semiflexible Polymers And Crystalline Surfaces, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of the friction at an interface between polymer melts and weakly attractive crystalline surfaces are reported. We consider a coarse-grained bead-spring model of linear chains with adjustable intrinsic stiffness. The structure and relaxation dynamics of polymer chains near interfaces are quantified by the radius of gyration and decay of the time autocorrelation function of the first normal mode. We found that the friction coefficient at small slip velocities exhibits a distinct maximum which appears due to shear-induced alignment of semiflexible chain segments in contact with solid walls. At large slip velocities, the friction …

Implementation And Optimization Of An Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy Setup, Ervin Gina

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) is utilized for determining the unoccupied electron states of materials. It is a complementary technique to the widely used photoemission spectroscopy (PES) as it analyzes what PES cannot, the states above the Fermi energy. This method is essential to investigating the structure of a solid and its states. IPES has a broad range of uses and is only recently being utilized.

This thesis describes the setup, calibration and operation of an IPES experiment. The IPES setup consists of an electron gun which emits electrons towards a sample, where photons are released, which are measured in isochromat …

An Exploratory Investigation Into How Cold Working Can Affect The Acoustic Performance Of Thin Aluminum Foil In A Ribbon Microphone, Alexander (Alex) Stanley

Materials Engineering

Ribbons of 4 μm thin 99.1% pure aluminum foil were cut and corrugated to replace the stock ribbon in an Apex 205 ribbon microphone. Prior to corrugation, half of the ribbons were sandwiched between two KimWipes and two pieces of cardstock then hammered to impart strain hardening. Each ribbon was placed into the microphone capsule and the frequency response of each ribbon was measured. A 10 second sine sweep from 20-20,000 Hz was played through a KRK Rokit 5 speaker and recorded through a ribbon microphone placed 6 inches away from the speaker cone. The signal generated by the ribbon …

Effects Of Annealing/Solution Treating And Aging On Longitudinal And Transverse Properties Of Ti-6al-4v Forgings, Blake Reller

Materials Engineering

Forty-eight subsize round-bar tensile samples (ASTM E8) were machined from 3-in-thick forgings of Ti-6Al-4V. Half of these samples were cut so the axis aligned with the longitudinal (LG) direction of the forging, the other half were cut to align with the transverse (LT) direction. Four samples from each direction were subjected to one of six heat treatments so that a total of eight samples received each treatment. Annealed samples were held at 1350°F for two hours, then air cooled. Solution treated and aged (STA) samples were solution treated at one of five temperatures between 1785°F and 1435°F for one hour …

Wireless Temperature Monitoring System For The Cal Poly Pilot Winery, Caitlin Devaney

Materials Engineering

This project, with an interdisciplinary group of two computer engineers and one materials engineer, was seeking to implement an automated temperature monitoring system which is affordable and easy to use, as well as adaptable to any arrangement and scale of a winemaker’s fermentation setup. My goal, as the materials engineer, was to design, fabricate, and test the enclosure, for the wireless nodes that are placed in the wine fermentation tanks, and the materials used for the node enclosure. For the enclosure of the system, materials selection was completed using CES software using limitations of only polymer materials which absorb less …